| 1. |
- Cornefjord, Måns, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review of differences in outcome between one and two stage palate repair in cleft lip and palate
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - 2000-656X. ; 58, s. 132-141
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether one-stage palatoplasty for children born with cleft lip and palate shows overall advantages in outcome compared with two-stage palatoplasty. The included studies were controlled studies of syndromic and non-syndromic children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate, bilateral cleft lip and palate, or isolated cleft palate. The interventions studied were one-stage palatoplasty and two-stage palatoplasty starting with the soft palate. The outcomes were facial growth, speech, hearing, presence of fistulae, other complications related to surgery, health-related quality of life, and health economics. In total, 14 original studies were included. Results were dichotomized into showing advantage for one- or two-stage palatoplasty for the respective outcome and compared with the results from six included systematic reviews. No overall advantage for either surgical strategy was found for any of the outcome measures. The certainty of evidence was highest for the presence of fistulae, followed by facial growth and speech. For several outcomes, the quality of the existing evidence was too low to allow for any conclusions to be drawn. Neither one- nor two-stage palatoplasty showed significant advantages in clinical outcomes compared with the other. Other aspects such as ethics, economics, or surgeon's preference might hence be of more importance. Homogenous choices of outcome measures and defined minimal clinically important differences would facilitate further research.
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| 2. |
- Voog, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Tillgänglighet, närhet och synlighet – gemensamma utmaningar för LUB-nätverket för att möta forskares behov av stöd vid Lunds universitet
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents a project at Lund University Libraries (LUB) during the fall of 2012, with the object to identify areas where the present research support services ought to be developed and strengthened. The project is three folded and contains a) a literature review focusing on definitions and examples of research support services as well as researchers’ needs and experiences of support services, b) a survey to get an overview of the support services offered today at LUB, the decentralized library network at Lund University, and c) focus group interviews with researchers, one group from each partaking faculty, to investigate key obstacles in their research processes. In all three parts a model of the research process schematically divided into four phases was applied; to start a project, to collect material, to process/analyze/write and to communicate the results. The first two stages of the project, the literature overview and the survey, form a background and both show that many support services are concentrated around the phases to collect material and to communicate results. The findings from the focus group interviews point to common needs and issues as well as special needs and issues related to different ways of doing and communicating research. Common for most researchers is limited time, a need for funding and an everyday fragmentation. They talk about the importance of networks, their efforts to navigate in an abundance of material and ways to find it and a need for overviews and help to understand new ways and demands to communicate. Most concern is expressed in the phases to start a project, to collect material and to communicate results. A major conclusion is that the research support services need to be available, visible and in close proximity to the researchers. Further, the development of support services needs to take into consideration both common traits as well as local variations in research practices. Therefore, discussions concerning LUB as a whole, need to be related to discussions at the single faculty libraries. Apart from knowledge about how to address the research support services at LUB, the project generates a model for how librarians can understand the research community that they are working with and with whom to create networks and partnerships for the future.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Arnebrant, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in microfungal community structure after fertilization of Scots pine forest soil with ammonium-nitrate or urea
- 1990
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Ingår i: Soil Biology & Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717. ; 22:3, s. 309-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The microfungal population structure of two Scots pine forest soils in Southern Sweden was studied 8–13 yr after nitrogen fertilization. The different fertilizers used. ammonium nitrate and urea. influenced the species composition in different ways. The main effect of the NH4NO3 treatment was an increased isolation frequency of Penicillium spinulosum and 4Oidiodendron echinulatum, while Penicillium cf. brevi-compactum. Mortierella subgenus Mortierella. Chaunopycnis alba and Oidiodendron griseum were isolated less frequently in ammonium nitrate-amended treatments compared to the non-fertilized control. In the urea-fertilized plots the isolation frequency of P. cf. brevi-compactum increased, while that of C. alba. O. echinulatum, O. griseum and P. spinulosum decreased in comparison with control plots. The changes in species composition were most evident at the highest rate of application, 600 kg N ha−1, especially when NH4NO3 was used as a fertilizer.
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| 5. |
- Arnebrant, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Copper Tolerance of Microfungi Isolated from Polluted and Unpolluted Forest Soil
- 1987
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Ingår i: Mycologia. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0027-5514. ; 79:6, s. 890-895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microfungi were isolated from unpolluted and copper polluted forest soils and their tolerance was tested on agar plates. Species from polluted sites were usually tolerant to Cu. The species were Paecilomyces farinosus, Beauveria bassiana, Verticillium spp. and Penicillium pactum. Sensitive species were found among Mortierella, Oidiodendron and Penicillium. usually rare in polluted sites. Little evidence for adaptation to Cu was found among isolates with short or long history of pollution.
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| 6. |
- Arnebrant, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of different fertilizer treatments on ectomycorrhizal colonization potential in 2 Scots pine forests in Sweden
- 1992
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7042 .- 0378-1127. ; 53:1-4, s. 77-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ectomycorrhizal fungal colonization potential was studied in two low-productivity Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests in Sweden treated with different fertilizers. Young Pinus sylvestris seedlings were used as baits for ectomycorrhizal fungi for one growing season and the total ectomycorrhizal colonization level and frequencies of different types were recorded. One of the experimental sites had been fertilized once with 600 kg nitrogen (N) ha-1, either as ammonium nitrate or urea, 13 years previously. At this site no difference in the total number of ectomycorrhizal root tips was found between the different treatments and approximately 70% of all root tips were ectomycorrhizal. The other experimental site had been continuously fertilized for 15 years with a balanced nutrient mixture, applied either daily as a solution (IF treatment), or as solid fertilizers once a year (F treatment). The IF treatment had received 1700 kg N ha-1 and the F treatment 950 kg N ha-1 until our study was conducted. At this site a significant decrease in total ectomycorrhizal infection level was found as an effect of the fertilizer treatment. In the non-fertilized plots, 70% of all root tips were ectomycorrhizal and the corresponding figure for fertilized plots was 55%. At both sites the frequency of one of the eight classified ectomycorrhizal types decreased significantly in all fertilized plots except in the urea treatment.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Arnebrant, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of ATP in forest humus
- 1991
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Ingår i: Soil Biology & Biochemistry. - 0038-0717. ; 23:6, s. 501-506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The measurement of ATP as an estimate of microbial biomass C in humus was studied. Three different acid extractants, H2SO4, TCA and H3PO4 were compared, as well as two different buffers, Tris and arsenate. No difference in extraction efficiency was found when the light output was converted to ATP content using internal ATP standards, but the different extraction agents and buffers influenced the light output. Several pretreatments and storage conditions were investigated. Incubation at 25°C for 1–7 days gave ca 50% higher ATP values than incubation at 4°C. Sieving did not affect the result. For long-term storage of humus, 4°C is recommended instead of freezing, since freezing reduced the ATP content to ca 80% of the amount found in humus stored at 4°C after 2 months. Freezing of the humus extract resulted in even larger losses of ATP. Humus from eight coniferous forests in Sweden was investigated with respect to ATP content and microbial biomass, estimated with the substrate induced respiration rate method (SIR). A close linear relationship (r = 0.95) was found between the two types of measurement. Calculated from this relationship the amount of ATP (at 25°C) was 3.2μmg−1 biomass C.
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| 9. |
- Arnebrant, Kristina
(författare)
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Nitrogen amendments reduce the growth of extramatrical ectomycorrhizal mycelium
- 1994
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Ingår i: Mycorrhiza. - 1432-1890. ; 5:1, s. 7-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of three different nitrogen sources on the growth of external ectomycorrhizal mycelium was studied in Perspex micorocosms. Nonsterile peat was used as substrate. Five different fungal isolates growing in symbiosis with pine seedlings were investigated: two isolates of Paxillus involutus, one of Suillus bovinus and two unidentified ectomycorrhizal fungi isolated from ectomycorrhizal root tips. Three different nitrogen sources were used: ammonium as (NH4)2SO4, nitrate as NaNO3 and a complete nutrient solution (Ingestad 1979), and three different nitrogen concentrations, 1, 2 or 4 mg N/g dry wt. of peat. The mycelial growth of all fungi was found to be negatively affected by the nitrogen amendments, although the sensitivity to nitrogen varied between the isolates. One of the unidentified isolates was extremely sensitive and growth was completely inhibited by all nitrogen treatments. In contrast, the growth of one of the P. involutus isolates was only slightly reduced by the nitrogen amendments. The different nitrogen sources all reduced growth, and since no significant difference was found between the nitrogen sources or between the different nitrogen concentrations the results were pooled to give one value that summarized the effect of nitrogen on mycelial growth. Thus, the mycelial growth of one of the two P. involutus isolates was reduced to approximately 80% of the growth in the control, the other P. involutus and one of the unidentified fungi, vgk 2 89.10, were reduced to 40–50% of the control growth, S. bovinus to 30% of the control and the most sensitive fungus, the unidentified isolate vg 1 87.10, was reduced to 3% of the growth in the control treatment. In all experiments, the shoot to root ratio generally increased, mainly as a result of increased shoot growth.
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| 10. |
- Arnebrant, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Nitrogen translocation between Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. seedlings inoculated with Frankia sp and Pinus contorta Doug ex Loud seedlings connected by a common ectomycorrhizal mycelium
- 1993
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 1469-8137 .- 0028-646X. ; 124:2, s. 231-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uptake and translocation of nitrogen was studied in laboratory microcosms consisting of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Frankia sp., Paxillus involutus (Fr.) Fr. and Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. P. involutus was shown to form a fully functional ectomycorrhizal association with alder as well as pine, and the seedlings thus became interconnected by a common mycelium. When microcosms were exposed to N-15(2) gas, interplant translocation of N-15 was observed in two out of three experiments. N-15(2) was fixed by Frankia and translocated to all other parts of the system. In the two experiments in which interplant translocation occurred, between 5 and 15 % of the N-15 recovered was found in the pine seedlings. Within seven days, fixed N2 was incorporated into amino acids in the Frankia nodules, translocated to both the A. glutinosa and P. contorta seedlings and incorporated into macromolecules. In alder seedlings, citrulline and ornithine were the free amino acids that had both the highest N-15 enrichment levels and concentrations. In pine, glutamine and citrulline had the highest N-15 concentrations, and glutamine had the highest level of N-15 enrichment. N-15 enrichment levels were greatest in the nodules, at between 5.5 and 29 % in the different amino acids and 12 % in the macromolecular fraction. Enrichment levels decreased with increasing distance from the nodules. The uptake and translocation of N-15 applied as (NH4Cl)-N-15 to the mycelium was also studied. N-15 was incorporated into amino acids in the mycelium and translocated further in this form. Generally, free amino acids had high N-15 enrichment levels in the mycelium, decreasing along the translocation pathway. Citrulline and glutamine were the amino acids with highest N-15 concentrations in all parts of the system. N-15 was also found in the macromolecular fraction.
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