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- Aronsson, Karin, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Trust and the Contestation of Blame Narratives : Veiled Stances in an Institutional Assessment Context
- 2013. - 1
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Ingår i: Dialogical approaches to trust in communication. - Charlotte, NC : Information Age Publishing. - 9781623964498 ; , s. -267
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A volume in Advances in Cultural Psychology Series Editor: Jaan Valsiner, Clark University Trust has a constituent role in human societies. It has been treated as a scientific topic in many disciplines. Yet, despite the fact that trust and distrust come to life primarily in human communication and through language, it has seldom been analyzed from a communicative or linguistic perspective. This is the theme of this path-breaking volume. This volume contains 12 chapters, plus introduction and epilogue by the editors. They have been authored by leading specialists on trust in language and communication, coming from many disciplines and from different cultures and countries. Most of the authors share a conceptual basis in dialogical theories. This book is a follow-up volume to two previous volumes on trust within cultural psychology, Trust and Distrust (Marková & Gillespie, 2008) and Trust and Conflict (Marková & Gillespie, 2012). It will be of interest to anyone seriously interested in trust in societies, and in trust and distrust as displayed in communication and language.Show more Show less
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Kasselias Wiltgren, Layal, 1979-
(författare)
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STOLT! : Om ungdomar, etniciteter och gemenskaper
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhandlingen bygger på ett årslångt fältarbete i en högstadieskola i utkanten av Stockholm med fokus på hur ungdomar samspelar kring och uttrycker etnicitet, nationalitet och flerspråkighet. Alla ungdomar i studien har inom sina familjer, erfarenhet av migration, vilket innebär att de själva eller deras föräldrar har migrerat. Studiens huvudfokus ligger på hur ungdomar i sitt vardagliga samspel på ett kreativt sätt uttrycker och därmed skapar etniciteter och fyller dem med innebörder. Det empiriska materialet bygger på fältanteckningar, över 300 timmars ljudinspelningar och transkriptioner. I analyserna uppmärksammas hur ungdomar använder flerspråkighet och etnicitetskategorier som resurser och hur de använder skratt, humor, retsamt samspel och självironi för att både utmana och stärka varandra och manifestera gemenskaper. Lokala kategoriseringar såsom ”svenne” och ”import” används för att definiera både sina kamrater och den Andre. Svenskhet utgör visserligen en norm, men den står öppen att intas eller omförhandlas. En social regel bland ungdomarna handlar om att vara stolt över sin bakgrund, vilket kan uttryckas både verbalt och visuellt – exempelvis genom att bära etniska och nationella symboler – för att markera tillhörighet och stolthet. I ungdomarnas sociala samspel framstår etniska kategorier inte som rigida, utan snarare rörliga och flytande, något som Stuart Hall refererar till som nya etniciteter, vilka är lokalt skapade och relaterade till mångfald. Analyserna visar att etnicitet, likt andra identitetskategorier, inte är ett ting som människor föds med och bär omkring på utan något som iscensätts och används som resurs i vardaglig social interaktion. Denna studie visar exempel på hur detta görs.
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| 4. |
- Osvaldsson, Karin, 1965-
(författare)
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Talking trouble : Institutionality and Identity in a Youth detention Home
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study explores talk, and what talking may amount to, in terms of social organization. It was carried out in a Swedish Youth Detention Home specializing in assessments. The analyses draw on conversational data from multiparty conferences, so-called network meetings, involving the assessment of ten girls/young women. Apart from the young person herself and her family, the detention home staff, social workers and sometimes other persons also took part in the meetings. One chapter also analyzes ten research interviews conducted with the girls/ymmg women. The epistemological framework of the thesis rests on several discourse-oriented approaches to the analysis of talk, notably on the interrelated research programs of ethnomethodology, conversation analysis and discursive psychology, all of which advocate a practice-based program of social inquiry. A central research problem deals with how institutionality may bear on and infonn identity descriptions and the interactional work through which different identities are collaboratively constructed. In tenns of institutionality, the present study highlights some formalizing devices, which orient the interaction towards particular organizational goals. In addition, a systematic production of iriformality was observed to facilitate the organization's work, and a locally relevantpreference stmcture is introduced to account for these findings.Important parts of the meetings proceeded according to set agendas and, for someone who was not directly addressed, considerable effort was required to take a turn at talk. Here laughter was found to be a particularly useful tool for the structuring of interaction, as it provided both lay and professional participants with opportunities to participate meaningfully in the flow of talk without actually expressing much through words. The analyses focus on the fine-grained and delicateaspects that comprised social interaction at the juncture of distinct institutional projects, highlighting the production of contrastive versions, which cast the young person as either accountable or not accountable for past events. In this sort of competition or politics ofrepresentation, participants could, for example, be seen to "do nonnality" as a situated accomplislunent of talk. In sum, the thesis highlights various devices used to manage institutional categorizations and identities, invoking different notions of accountability and different notions of normality/deviance. In Swedish discussions concerning directions for social work, the virtue of involving members of the clients' social network in the assessment and treatment work has beenstressed. Yet, the present fmdings show the ways in which such meetings are highly complex. The participants need to orient to various subtle contextualization cues. In this complex undertaking, the monitoring work of a chair is crucial, especially when the girl/young woman under assessment is present at the meeting, listening to different versions of ascribed problems and identities that concern her past and future.
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| 5. |
- Ågren, Ylva, 1977-
(författare)
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Barns medierade värld : syskonsamspel, lek och konsumtion
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on sibling interaction and children’s everyday media practices in their homes. Ten sibling pairs, aged four to nine years, have been followed in their homes during a six-month period with media ethnographic methods. The data mainly consist of video recorded sibling interactions.The thesis draws on sociocultural theories, cultural sociological perspectives and insights from social interaction research. The analyses are grounded in the social interaction and meaning making acts that take place in media activities in the home settings. However they also extend to a broader societal context, in order to show how social structure and social action are constantly interwoven in children’s lives.The thesis documents how the media represent an important part of the child's everyday culture. Media create key reference frames and common platforms for the children’s games and play activities. The siblings use media and various artifacts to negotiate, challenge or assume desirable positions. Media artefacts can also be used as a way to present oneself.The younger siblings progressively work their way into the older siblings’ media landscapes, and the elder siblings become guides or role models in handling video games, music, and YouTube activities. In addition to purely practical skills when it comes to handling the technical equipment, the older siblings also mediate local taste hierarchies, norms, and values.The thesis also describes how children are social actors who interpret and reinterpret the constant ongoing movements in the media landscape. Moreover, the thesis highlights how consumption is closely linked to media practices. Mobiles, games consoles and membership on virtual gaming sites become highly valued phenomena and status markers in children’s media worlds.
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| 6. |
- Aarsand, Pål André, 1970-
(författare)
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Around the Screen : Computer activities in children’s everyday lives
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present ethnography documents computer activities in everyday life. The data consist of video recordings, interviews and field notes, documenting (i) 16 students in a seventh grade class in a computer room and other school settings and (ii) 22 children, interacting with siblings, friends and parents in home settings. The thesis is inspired by discourse analytical as well as ethnographic approaches, including notions from Goffman (1974, 1981), e.g. those of activity frame and participation framework, which are applied and discussed.The thesis consists of four empirical studies. The first study focuses on students’ illegitimate use, from the school’s point of view, of online chatting in a classroom situation. It is shown that the distinction offline/online is not a static one, rather it is made relevant as part of switches between activity frames, indicating the problems of applying Goffman’s (1981) notions of sideplay, byplay and crossplay to analyses of interactions in which several activity frames are present, rather than one main activity. Moreover, it is shown that online identities, in terms of what is here called tags, that is, visual-textual nicknames, are related to offline phenomena, including local identities as well as contemporary aesthetics. The second study focuses on placement of game consoles as part of family life politics. It is shown that game consoles were mainly located in communal places in the homes. The distinction private/communal was also actualized in the participants’ negotiations about access to game consoles as well as negotiations about what to play, when, and for how long. It is shown that two strategies were used, inclusion and exclusion, for appropriating communal places for computer game activities. The third study focuses on a digital divide in terms of a generational divide with respect to ascribed computer competence, documenting how the children and adults positioned each other as people ‘in the know’ (the children) versus people in apprentice-like positions (the adults). It is shown that this generation gap was deployed as a resource in social interaction by both the children and the adults. The forth study focuses on gaming in family life, showing that gaming was recurrently marked by response cries (Goffman, 1981) and other forms of blurted talk. These forms of communication worked as parts of the architecture of intersubjectivity in gaming (cf. Heritage, 1984), indexing the distinction virtual/‘real’. It is shown how response cries, sound making, singing along and animated talk extended the virtual in that elements of the game became parts of the children’s social interaction around the screen, forming something of an action aesthetic, a type of performative action for securing and displaying joint involvement and collaboration. As a whole, the present studies show how the distinctions master/apprentice, public/private, virtual/real and subject/object are indexicalized and negotiated in computer activities.
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| 7. |
- Aarsand, Pål Andre, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Computer gaming and territorial negotiations in family life
- 2009
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Ingår i: Childhood. - : SAGE Publications. - 0907-5682 .- 1461-7013. ; 16:4, s. 497-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines territorial negotiations concerning gaming, drawing on video recordings of gaming practices in middle-class families. It explores how private vs public gaming space was co-construed by children and parents in front of the screen as well as through conversations about games. Game equipment was generally located in public places in the homes, which can be understood in terms of parents' surveillance of their children, on the one hand, and actual parental involvement, on the other. Gaming space emerged in the interplay between game location, technology and practices, which blurred any fixed boundaries between public and private, place and space, as well as traditional age hierarchies.
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| 8. |
- Aarsand, Pål Andre, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Response cries and other gaming moves-Building intersubjectivity in gaming
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Pragmatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-2166 .- 1879-1387. ; 41:8, s. 1557-1575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study focuses on the ways in which response cries (Goffman, 1981) are deployed as interactional resources in computer gaming in everyday life. It draws on a large-scale data set of video recordings of the everyday lives of middleclass families. The recordings of gaming between children and between children and parents show that response cries were not arbitrarily located within different phases of gaming (planning, gaming or commenting on gaming). Response cries were primarily used as interactional resources for securing and sustaining joint attention (cf. Goodwin, 1996) during the gaming as such, that is, during periods when the gaming activity was characterized by a relatively high tempo. In gaming between children, response cries co-occurred with their animations of game characters and with sound making, singing along, and code switching in ways that formed something of an action aesthetic, a type of aesthetic that was most clearly seen in gaming between game equals (here: between children). In contrast, response cries were rare during the planning phases and during phases in which the participants primarily engaged in setting up or adjusting the game.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Agardh, Emilie E., et al.
(författare)
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Disease Burden Attributed to Drug use in the Nordic Countries : a Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. - 1557-1874 .- 1557-1882.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic countries share similarities in many social and welfare domains, but drug policies have varied over time and between countries. We wanted to compare differences in mortality and disease burden attributed to drug use over time. Using results from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we extracted age-standardized estimates of deaths, DALYs, YLLs and YLDs per 100 000 population for Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden during the years 1990 to 2019. Among males, DALY rates in 2019 were highest in Finland and lowest in Iceland. Among females, DALY rates in 2019 were highest in Iceland and lowest in Sweden. Sweden have had the highest increase in burden since 1990, from 252 DALYs to 694 among males, and from 111 to 193 among females. Norway had a peak with highest level of all countries in 2001-2004 and thereafter a strong decline. Denmark have had the most constant burden over time, 566-600 DALYs among males from 1990 to 2010 and 210-240 DALYs among females. Strict drug policies in Nordic countries have not prevented an increase in some countries, so policies need to be reviewed.
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