| 1. |
- Arroyo, Ivette, et al.
(författare)
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Building Resilience through Housing Reconstruction in Areas Affected by Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines: Users Involvement and Incremental Growth for Medium-rise Buildings
- 2015
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Ingår i: Urban Opportunities: Perspectives on Climate Change, Resilience, Inclusion, and the Informal Economy. A New Generation of Ideas.. ; , s. 67-93
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper discusses how families affected by Typhoon Haiyan have been involved in housing reconstruction in the Philippines and the potential for the use of medium-rise buildings. Case study methodology was conducted based on data collected three months after Typhoon Haiyan. Reconstruction projects show different degrees of users involvement such as “reparation of previous makeshift shelter,”“shelter as humanitarian assistance,”“expanding people’s opportunities to rebuild,”“users as unskilled labor,” and finally “enhancing users self-construction and self-management capabilities.”“Freedom to rebuild,” a capability approach framework to evaluate users involvement and resilience in postdisaster housing reconstruction, has been developed and applied to a project in Ormoc, Leyte.
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| 2. |
- Arroyo, Ivette, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative Housing: A tool for social integration and increased sustainability
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- All over the world there is a shortage of adequate, affordable housing that enables social integration and sustainability. Many individuals and households have access to housing but live in different kinds of involuntary isolation with respect to age, gender, income, culture and ethnic background. There is a lack of housing forms that can contribute to solving these societal challenges through different forms of tenure such as rental and housing cooperative. In Sweden, there is an urgent need to solve societal challenges and increase housing provision due to unwanted isolation, segregation and a housing backlogof more than 600,000 units. The production of new housing offers an opportunity for innovative housing solutions and a more connected society.There is an increasing interest in learning from recent experience of collaborative housing as a tool for social integration and increased sustainability. Collaborative housing in Europe seems to reappear during economic, social, cultural or ecological crises. This report is based on the research project Sustainable living in community: a step towards integration and reduced climate impact conducted by the authors. Collaborative housing projects in Sweden have been studied using systematic literature review, space syntax analysis, observations, questionnaire surveys, online diary, interviews with residents andprofessionals. In addition, recent examples of collaborative housing in Denmark and the Netherlands have been studied. A concluding workshop with different stakeholders in order to receive feedback to the preliminary findings has been conducted.This Building Issue highlights the concept of collaborative housing, as a housing form where residents collaborate within different stages of the project – from design to daily self-management of the building, agree on a common purpose and have social interaction among themselves. Collaborative housing can contribute to addressing several aspects related to social sustainability and social integration. Common spaces in a building can be designed to favour social integration of people with different backgrounds, ages and living conditions. Collaborative housing can embrace different forms of tenure and collaborationwith external actors and enables residents to exert their individual and collectiveeffort to make decisions concerning their living environments.The aim of this study is to contribute with practical knowledge regarding collaborative housing as a system and as a process to achieve adequate and affordable housing as well as for building bridges between people with different backgrounds and living conditions. The aim is also to show how the design of collaborative housing can encourage social interaction among residents as well as sharing practices. This report offers recommendations to different actors within the housing sector and civil society such as starter groups for new projects and professionals from the private and public sectors.
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| 3. |
- Arroyo, Ivette
(författare)
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Collaborative housing as a socio-spatial system from a critical realism perspective. Can unintended consequences be understood as causal mechanisms?
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Holism, abduction and causality are ways of reasoning that can complement each other to enable better understanding of contemporary wicked problems. Current social challenges include a global housing crisis, unwanted isolation and polarized societies. Systems thinking is instrumental to zoom out a specific phenomenon in an attempt to capture the complexity of reality. It also provides a holistic view of the purpose and interconnections of the elements within a system. The concept of unintended consequences is relevant to understand how certain elements within the system affect each other. Adopting Critical Realism as a metatheory, explicitly the theory and philosophy underlying systems thinking, implies a view of the world as structured, differentiated, stratified and changing. Hence, unintended consequences can be understood as causal mechanisms triggered by social structures within the domain of the real.Critical realists are interested in the (ir)regularities produced within a system as well as in causality of both agents and structures. One irregularity within the Swedish housing system is collaborative housing that is an alternative housing form to market driven housing provision. Collaborative Housing has been conceptualized as a socio-spatial system with ongoing practices of collaboration, trust, influence, mutual support and sharing in everyday life, which have been redefined and reinforced during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper attempts to discuss collaborative housing as a socio-spatial system having critical realism as a metatheory. What kinds of causality are envisaged under realist complexity in relation to collaborative housing? Collaborative housing is affordable, enables social interaction and social integration. However, access to this form of housing is sometimes limited to residents who have saving capacity with the unintended consequence of excluding low-income households. The paper sheds light on how critical realist scholars analytically treat complexity and argues that critical realism enables digging deeper at the ontological level of socio-spatial systems.
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| 4. |
- Arroyo, Ivette, et al.
(författare)
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Housing recovery outcomes after typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines : a critical realist perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Critical Realism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-7430 .- 1572-5138. ; 18:2, s. 142-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Typhoon Haiyan damaged around a million houses in the Philippines in November 2013. It especially affected the poor. Using a realist laminated ontology, this paper explains how multiple causal mechanisms triggered unexpected outcomes in the housing recovery programme in the province of Leyte. The proposed causal mechanisms were: the intentional causal agency of the Filipino power elite; the collaboration–competition dilemma among individual agents and social structures; the constraints faced by the National Housing Authority with regards to procurement and budget; unfreedoms for resilient resettlement; secondary side effects of land and resettlement policies; and the under the table practice of bribery. The combination of these multiple causal mechanisms generated emergent outcomes such as low output of permanent post-disaster housing, generic housing solutions that cannot be extended, reproduction of pre-disaster vulnerabilities, recovery of valuable land by the Filipino elite and allocation of public funding to a limited range of recipients.
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| 5. |
- Arroyo, Ivette, et al.
(författare)
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Organized Self-help Housing as a Method for achieving more Sustainable Human Settlements
- 2013
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Ingår i: Human Settlements Review. ; 2, s. 13-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing interest in organized self-help housing (OSHH) from both authoriti es and Non Governmental Organizati ons (NGOs) working in the housing sector due to the magnitude of housing problems in developing countries and the challenge of achieving sustainable humansett lements. This paper focuses on the experiences of two NGOs, FUPROVI in Costa Rica and SADEL in Sweden, in facilitati ng organized self-help housing projects over a period of 30 years.The aim of the paper is to analyze the organized self-help housing approaches of the nongovernmental organizati ons FUPROVI and SADEL and establish the connecti ons of their practice with key issues of the Habitat Agenda. The conceptual model regarding the roles of the diff erent actors within OSHH projects, specifi cally the responsibiliti es and roles of the households, the facilitati ng organizati on and the authoriti es, is analyzed with a focus on how toachieve sustainable human settlements. Results show that the OSHH processes implemented by both NGOs are based on the main principles of the Habitat Agenda such as solidarity, partnership, community parti cipati on, social-technical assistance, capacity building and innovati ve approaches towards resource mobilizati on. These are the key aspects for long term development of sustainable human sett lements. The paper concludes with recommendati onson the planning and implementati on of OSHH projects and presents insights on insti tuti onal development for facilitati ng organizati ons. The main contributi on of the paper is to reinterpret the role of organized self-help housing and its role in the further development of enabling shelter strategies in developing countries.
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| 6. |
- Arroyo, Ivette
(författare)
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Organized self-help housing as an enabling shelter & development strategy. Lessons from current practice, institutional approaches and projects in developing countries
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to develop better understanding on organized self-help housing as an enabling shelter and development strategy to overcome poverty and build more resilient communities. The study addresses organized self-help housing from three different perspectives: a) current practice in developing countries; b) institutional approaches; and, c) the organized self-help housing process. Firstly, the current practice has been established through studying the state of the arts of OSHH after year 2000 in developing countries implementing an international survey (See Paper 1). Secondly, different institutional approaches have been identified; and the NGOs FUPROVI and SADEL, which worked in Costa Rica and Tunisia respectively, have been selected as case studies (See Paper 2). Thirdly, at the project level, the thesis argues the importance of dweller-control over the OSHH process through analyzing the case study Hogar de Nazareth in Guayaquil, Ecuador (See Paper 3). The research strategy follows a critical social science research paradigm; and case study methodology was implemented due to the multi-layered nature of reality of this research paradigm.Results show that the tendency of the post-millennium OSHH projects isplanning medium-rise buildings up to four or five storeys for in-situ slum upgrading,relocation, reconstruction or new housing projects. OSHH projects should consider that the settlement might increase its density up to five times in a 35-year lifetime,as was the case in some sites-and-services.The study has identified different institutional approaches to organized self-help housing: a) people-centred OSHH; b) mixed-model OSHH; c) co-operativist OSHH; d)volunteer-assisted OSHH; and, e) community-empowered OSHH.As an enabling shelter and development strategy, organized self-help housing contributes to improving ‘the spatial’; and ‘the social’. High degree of dweller-control over the OSHH process is key for enhancing the capabilities of the deprived. Due to mastering the OSHH process, the poor enhance their individual capabilities for planning, decision-making and self-management; and develop collective attributes such as spatial agency, collective efficacy and empowerment.CBOs with the support of NGOs, the academia, mutual-help housing cooperatives and governmental agencies can remove unfreedoms for slum dwellers to access adequate housing. Political will and the shift to a ‘housing as a process’paradigm will lead to planning paradigms that could address better the shelter needs of the poor. From a capability approach perspective, organized self-help housing has the potential to strengthen and empower communities. Therefore,building ‘the spatial’ whilst building ‘the social’ are essential for shifting to more‘just cities’ in the South.
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| 7. |
- Arroyo, Ivette, et al.
(författare)
-
Organized Self-help Housing: lessons from practice with an international perspective
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th International CIB World Building Congress.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an urgent need of improving the lives of 100 million slum dwellers until year 2020. The Habitat Agenda has identified self-help housing among other enabling housing strategies. This paper focuses on mapping organizations and different types of organized self-help housing (OSHH) projects since year 2000 with the aim of analyzing important lessons from practice. An international survey was implemented to selected housing experts and practitioners from developing countries; and qualitative data analysis was conducted.Results show that dweller-control over the OSHH process contributes in achieving better quality settlements and homes whilst empowering the urban poor. This process also helps to improve community skills and local construction techniques. Asian CBOs and NGOs have implemented OSHH for slum upgrading and reconstruction after natural disasters. Organized self-help housing has been combined with other support tools such as microcredit or organized savings, production of construction materials, training and community capacity building. OSHH housing has the potential for fostering the development of social, technical and financial sustainability in human settlements in developing regions.
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| 8. |
- Arroyo, Ivette, et al.
(författare)
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Residents’ coping responses in collaborative housing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Applying Bhaskar’s four-planar social being to tackle the affordability-integration-health nexus
- 2023
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Ingår i: ; , s. 61-62
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic was a global health, social and housing crisis. Citylockdowns, stay-at-home and social distancing requirements were preventiverestrictions increasing residents’ loneliness in regular housing stock. Collaborative housing is an alternative community-led housing form where people live in complete apartments whilst sharing common spaces and resources, enabling socializing and mutual support. The paper reflects on the process of applying Bhaskar’s four-planar social being for designing a methodology to evaluate residents’ coping responses in collaborative housing during the pandemic. The methodology includes iterative stages such as integrative literature review, refining the conceptual framework and research questions, designing, pilot-testing and improving mixed-methods data collection tools and collecting empirical data. Data analysis focuses on (a) residents’ material transactions with the common spaces and the neighbourhood, (b) social interactions between residents in everyday life, (c) social relations with institutions and (d) the stratification of personality, which for this paper implies how residents influenced each other’s motivations, habits and agency. This approach enabled analysis at the intersection of housing affordability, social integration and health. The paper sheds light on the pros and challenges of having critical realism as a foundation for inter- and transdisciplinary mixed-methods research.
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| 9. |
- Arroyo, Ivette, et al.
(författare)
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Sharing Communities: An Alternative Post-Pandemic Residential Logic
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Architectural Research. - 1893-5281. ; 2021:3, s. 63-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden needs affordable housing solutions to counteract segregation and isolation whilst promoting resilient cities. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the conditions for being and sharing with others. The aim of the article is to explore residents practices of inhabiting, sharing and being involved in existing collaborative housing during the pandemic. The article conceptualizes collaborative housing from a systems thinking perspective to shed light on how the purpose, elements and interconnections within this socio-spatial system affect each other. This is done through a qualitative case study with a transdisciplinary approach. The article discusses representations of space, residents appropriation of common spaces as well as their spatial practices as coping responses to the pandemic in their everyday lives. Residents have appropriated common spaces for socializing whilst keeping physical distance. Their lived experience shows that the availability of common spaces, common practices and being a functioning community have been essential to counteract isolation and increase mutual support. The current pandemic has highlighted the urgency of linking affordable housing to resilient cities and rethinking of collaborative housing as an alternative post-pandemic residential logic. The article argues that collaborative housing creates a space for the emergence of sharing communities based on social ties, social practices of inhabiting, sharing and being involved in everyday life. Future research is needed focusing on living in sharing communities, especially during times of crisis.
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| 10. |
- Arroyo, Ivette, et al.
(författare)
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Social integration through social connection in everyday life. Residents' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in SällBo collaborative housing, Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: ArchNet-IJAR. - 2631-6862. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to explore the everyday life experiences of elderly (+70 years) living with young locals and refugees in a collaborative housing project before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden. The paper discusses the importance of the spatial dimension in the conceptualization of social integration. The main method is a qualitative case study based on observations of settings, document/video analysis, online diary entries made by ten residents and eight semi-structured interviews conducted with the residents. SällBo was conceived as a new type of collaborative housing in which elderly, young locals and refugees share common spaces with the aim of enabling social integration. In this context, COVID-19 interrupted the ongoing processes of living together after four months of moving to the house. The three main themes that emerge from the empirical material are (1) changes in the use of common spaces and social interactions, (2) residents’ resilient coping responses during the pandemic and (3) insights for future design of collaborative housing based on their experience. The pandemic caused a moment of institutional vacuum, which triggered the agency of the residents whilst developing social bonds and social bridges among them. Social connection created in everyday life at SällBo’s common spaces has triggered processes of social integration. The ongoing processes of social integration have included the spatial dimension. We understand social integration as a process that involves people from different generations and ethnic backgrounds, which takes place in common spaces and everyday life as different modes of socialization.
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