| 1. |
- Andersson Schwarz, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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On the Justifications of Piracy: Differences in Conceptualization and Argumentation Between Active Uploaders and other file-sharers
- 2014
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Ingår i: Piracy: Leakages from Modernity. - 9781936117598 ; , s. 217-239
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter is, in part, about law and legal change. Law – especially intellectual property law – is greatly challenged in a digital society where media is distributed in global networks, for example via BitTorrent sites such as The Pirate Bay. New norms for behavior set up under new pre-conditions in an online environment have emerged alongside the legal, emphasizing some sort of norm-pluralism way beyond any traditional discourse on deviancy. In April 2011 the Cybernorms research group conducted a global file-sharing survey with more than 75,000 respondents – the Research Bay study (Svensson et al., 2013). This chapter analyses the data from the open answers of this survey. Using this data and the establishing theoretical framework, we exemplify metaphors, conceptions, and the modes of justification that different conceptions of file-sharing reinforce and present a model for approaching piracy more systematically than in much of the contemporary literature. When applying metaphors, this influences the ways in which one conceptualizes a given phenomenon. The ways in which one conceptualizes reality are tightly connected to what norms that control our behavior and how we reflect and justify our actions. For example, the market optimism among the non-uploaders in this study, displaying the notion of how the market can adapt and/or expand, describes the strength in how media distribution and culture dissemination is still conceptualized in terms of market metaphors, as opposed to early attempts in the scholarly literature to speak of ‘gift-economies’ and ‘cyber-communism’ (Barbrook, 2000). The non-uploaders (representing the majority of Pirate Bay users) are – when compared to the smaller, more dedicated group of active uploaders – more positive towards market solutions and the entertainment industry, and they are more disposed towards a non-specific, generic belief in the progress, evolution, and eventual convergence and assimilation of technology. Since the notion of online piracy as a mainly illegal activity is a predominant perspective in the replies in the survey, the analysis of its justifications is highly relevant for the broader understanding of law and legal development, as a process, in an increasingly digitized society.
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| 2. |
- Arvanitakis, James, et al.
(författare)
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Bellamy’s Rage and Beer’s Conscience: Pirate Methodologies and the Contemporary University
- 2017
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Ingår i: Culture Unbound. - : Linkoping University Electronic Press. - 2000-1525. ; 09:3, s. 260-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last decade piracy has emerged as a growing field of research covering a wide range of different phenomena, from fashion counterfeits and media piracy, through to 17th century buccaneers and present-day pirates off the coast of Somalia. In many cases piracy can be a metaphor or an analytical perspective to understand conflicts and social change. This article relates this fascination with piracy as a practice and a metaphor to academia and asks what a pirate methodology of knowledge production could be: how, in other words, researchers and educators can be understood as ‘pirates’ to the corporate university. Drawing on the history of maritime piracy as well as on a discussion on contemporary pirate libraries that disrupt proprietary publishing, the article explores the possibility of a pirate methodology as a way of acting as a researcher and relating to existing norms of knowledge production. The methodology of piratical scholarship involves exploiting the grey zones and loopholes of contemporary academia. It is a tactical intervention that exploits short term opportunities that arise in the machinery of academia to the strategic end of turning a limiting structure into an enabling field of opportunities. We hope that such a concept of pirate methodologies may help us reflect on how sustainable and constructive approaches to knowledge production emerge in the context of a critique of the corporate university.
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| 3. |
- Arvanitakis, James, et al.
(författare)
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Commons, piracy and property : crisis, conflict and resistance
- 2017
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Ingår i: Property, place and piracy. - London : Routledge. - 9781138745131 - 9781315180731 - 9780367735654 ; , s. 23-35
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter aims to set the theoretical framework for this collection by challenging the established, liberal understanding of property. Second, it presents a theoretical overview of piracy. The chapter addresses how a better understanding of the commons allows to problematise the concept of property, which, as this collection highlights, is continuously destabilised through acts of 'piracy'. It discusses the process of enclosure not as an isolated act, but as part of an ideology that prioritises private ownership over the common good. The concept of the commons can be traced back to ancient Rome with discussions of the Res Communes. The immaterial conceptualisation spreads into the 'information commons' that has had a particular political impact in the copyright debates that emerged since the late 1990s. In response to the invisible and 'natural' processes of enclosure, the chpater debates that both the existence and reciprocated exchange of the commons is fundamental in the functioning of authentic and vibrant communities.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Fredriksson, Martin, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Commons, Piracy and the Crisis of Property
- 2016
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Ingår i: tripleC. - 1726-670X. ; 14:1, s. 132-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article takes the politicisation of copyright and file sharing as a starting point to discuss the concept of the commons and the construction of property. Empirically, the article draws on a series of interviews with Pirate Party members in Sweden, Australia, Germany, the UK and USA; placed in the theoretical framework of the commons. We argue that piracy, as an act and an ideology, interrogates common understandings of property as something self-evident, natural and uncontestable. Such constructions found liberal market ideology. The article has two broad aims: to outline the different phases of enclosure, from the physical commons, to the institutional and finally the cultural commons; and to discuss the way that piracy highlights the emergent crisis in private property rights, brought to the fore by the global financial crisis and ongoing privatization of public resources. We conclude by questioning what new modes of enclosure are emerging in a digital economy driven by excessive data mining and centralized streaming services.
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| 6. |
- Fredriksson, Martin, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Epilogue: Property, Place and Piracy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Property, Place and Piracy. - : Routledge. - 9781138745131 ; , s. 231-234
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Fredriksson, Martin, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction: Property, Place and Piracy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Property, Place and Piracy. - : Routledge. - 9781138745131 ; , s. 1-10
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Fredriksson, Martin, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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On Piracy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Piracy. - Sacramento, CA : Litwin Books. - 1936117592 - 9781936117598 ; , s. 1-13
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- "Piracy" is a concept that seems everywhere in the contemporary world. From the big screen with the dashing Jack Sparrow, to the dangers off the coast of Somalia; from the claims by the Motion Picture Association of America that piracy funds terrorism, to the political impact of pirate parties in countries like Sweden and Germany. While the spread of piracy provokes responses from the shipping and copyright industries, the reverse is also true: for every new development in capitalist technologies, some sort of "piracy" moment emerges.This is maybe most obvious in the current ideologisation of Internet piracy where the rapid spread of so called Pirate Parties is developing into a kind of global political movement. While the pirates of Somalia seem a long way removed from Internet pirates illegally downloading the latest music hit or, it is the assertion of this book that such developments indicate a complex interplay between capital flows and relations, late modernity, property rights and spaces of contestation. That is, piracy seems to emerge at specific nodes in capitalist relations that create both blockages and leaks between different social actors.
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| 9. |
- Fredriksson, Martin, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Piracy, Property and the Crisis of Democracy
- 2015
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Ingår i: eJournal of eDemocracy & Open Government. - Krems, Austria : Donau-Universitaet Krems. - 2075-9517. ; 7:1, s. 135-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A political battle is being waged over the use and control of culture and information. While media companies and copyright organisations argue for stricter intellectual property laws, a growing body of citizens challenge the contemporary IP-regime. This has seen a political mobilisation of piracy. Pirate parties see themselves as a digital civil rights movement, defending the public domain and the citizen’s right to privacy against copyright expansionism and increased surveillance. Since the first pirate party was formed in Sweden in 2006, similar parties have emerged across the world. This article draws on a study of the culture and ideology of copyright resistance, through interviews with pirate party representatives in Europe and North America. It focuses on challenges to democracy, and the distinction between public and private property and spaces, in the wake of the war on terror and the global financial crisis.
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| 10. |
- Hübinette, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Transracial adoption, white cosmopolitanism and the fantasy of the global family
- 2012
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Ingår i: Third Text. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0952-8822 .- 1475-5297. ; 26:6, s. 691-703
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article takes at its point of the departure the practice of transracial adoption of children and adults. During the colonial period, it was not only non-white native children or adults who were adopted by white colonisers and settlers; the opposite also occurred. The existence of these ‘inverted’ transracial adoptions is well-documented in literary and autobiographical texts and historical documents, as well as in art and visual culture. At that time, the white transracial adoptee who had been transformed into the Other was stigmatised and even demonised as something of an ethno-racial monster transgressing the boundaries between Europeans and non-Europeans. This article aims to re-conceptualise transracial adoption within the framework of the fundamental inability of Europeans to attach to the lands and peoples outside Europe by making use of the concepts of indigenisation and autochtonisation.
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