| 1. |
- Angerbjörn, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Winter Food on Reproduction in the Arctic Fox, Alopex-Lagopus - a Field Experiment
- 1991
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Ecology. ; 60:2, s. 705-714
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (1) The population of arctic foxes in Fennoscandia is very small and has been so for around 60 years in spite of total protection for over half a century. The reasons why the arctic fox population has not increased to its former size are unknown. The population numbers fluctuate highly in relation to vole numbers. There is also very high interannual variation in reproduction among arctic foxes. (2) To determine the effect of winter food availability on reproductive success, we carried out a feeding experiment. The study area is situated above the treeline from an altitude of 700 m to mountains of 1600 m in Swedish Lapland. We added food (reindeer and moose carcasses) to dens during the winter months, January-April 1985-89. To determine the effect of this extra food on reproduction, we made inventories at both food-manipulated dens and control dens. These inventories of dens took place during July so we could check not only if dens were occupied, but also whether a litter was born and assess the number of cubs appearing outside the den. (3) The proportion of occupied dens in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group. The number of cubs at weaning in the food-manipulated dens was also higher than in control dens in each year. However, no effect on litter size was found. (4) From these results we conclude that the larger number of cubs produced in dens with extra winter food shows that reproduction under present dietary poor conditions was limited by available food. Many canid species show this close relation between reproduction and food availability, with pregnancy rates and litter sizes declining with the abundance of the main food.
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| 2. |
- Arvidson, Markus, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Socialpsykologiska experiment : och andra minnesvärda studier
- 2019
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det finns många tankeväckande studier om människors handlingar och beteenden som är värda att uppmärksamma även om de gjordes för 50, 60 eller 70 år sedan. Studierna om vårt sociala liv väcker olika sorters känslor - ibland skratt, ibland nyfikenhet och ibland förfäran - men de ger alltid nya insikter om människan och mänskligt samspel.I boken presenteras ett urval av de mest kända klassiska socialpsykologiska studierna. Utifrån teman som auktoritet, lydnad, prestationer, strävan efter normalitet och människor i utsatta situationer visar författarna att de klassiska studierna är aktuella även idag. Det finns också tips på filmklipp som läsaren kan titta på genom att rikta sin mobiltelefon mot QR-koderna i boken.SOCIALPSYKOLOGISKA EXPERIMENT OCH ANDRA MINNESVÄRDA STUDIER vänder sig främst till högskolestudenter inom samhälls- och beteendevetenskapliga utbildningsprogram och ämnen, men är även intressant för alla som vill veta mer om hur människor fungerar tillsammans.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Balaile, Gunnel, et al.
(författare)
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Poverty and devastation of intimate relations : Tanzanian women's experience of living with HIV/AIDS
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1055-3290 .- 1552-6917. ; 18:5, s. 6-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Tanzania, women of reproductive age constitute the largest group infected by HIV. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences related to health and sexuality of Tanzanian women who had known their positive serostatus for I year. In-depth interviews with 10 women were analyzed using a phenomeno-logical-hermeneutic approach and showed frustration and despair at not having resources to maintain daily life. The women needed regular medical treatment for themselves and for their HIV-positive children. Their sexual desires had declined or vanished, and they had come to view sexuality as a source of transmittable disease. For some women, casual sex was an option to solve urgent financial needs. Happiness was something for their children, not for them. Access to social support from the women's community would help prevent further HIV transmission and enhance survival so the children could grow up with at least one devoted parent.
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| 5. |
- Balaile, Gunnel, et al.
(författare)
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Sexuality and Health: A study of Tanzanian men`s experiences of living with HIV/AIDS
- 2008
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Ingår i: African Journal of Reproductive Health. - Toronto : Bioline International. - 1118-4841. ; 12:1, s. 35-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore Tanzanian men’s experiences regarding their health and sex life after they had been diagnosed with HIV. In-depth interviews were performed with a purposive sample of ten men living in an urban area in Tanzania and who had been HIV positive for more than one year. A phenomenological-hermeneutic approach was used for analyzing the transcribed interviews. Three themes emerged from the texts; “awareness of HIV infection”, “perceived and ideal health”, and “sex life a source of happiness and caring”. Living with HIV meant profound adjustments to daily life activities for the participants. HIV forced them to learn new ways of having sexual intercourse and new ways of acting as a man. The meaning of being a “real man” had changed from being a man with great sexual prowess to being a “caring man” within one relationship. (Afr Reprod Health 2008; 12[1]:35-46).
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Edling, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Positron emission tomography studies of healthy volunteers : No effects on the dopaminergic terminals and synthesis after short-term exposure to toluene
- 1997
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Ingår i: Human and Experimental Toxicology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0960-3271 .- 1477-0903. ; 16:3, s. 171-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite extensive research, the mechanisms for the effects of organic solvents on the central nervous system are still unknown. One mechanism proposed is that solvents interfere with the synthesis of neurotransmitters. In the present study 11 male healthy volunteers were exposed during 15 min to 100 p.p.m. toluene at light physical exercise, and the dopamine decarboxylase activity and number of terminals in putamen were measured before and after exposure by positron emission tomography. Two different tracers were used [beta-11C]L-DOPA for decarboxylase activity during the in vivo synthesis of dopamine, and [11C]nomifensine to estimate the number of terminals. Although there was a slight increase in the rate of dopamine synthesis in the putamen after the exposure, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.4). No effect was observed with regard to the uptake of nomifensine. There was no significant relationship between the dose of toluene and rate of dopamine synthesis, and no significant correlation between the time from end of exposure to start of the PET-camera and DOPA. Our findings indicate that short term exposure to 100 p.p.m. of toluene does not affect the rate of dopamine synthesis or the number of presynaptic terminals.
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| 9. |
- Jemt, Torsten, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Implant-supported welded titanium frameworks in the edentulous maxilla: a 5-year prospective multicenter study.
- 2002
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Ingår i: The International journal of prosthodontics. - 0893-2174. ; 15:6, s. 544-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This study evaluated the 5-year clinical and radiographic performance of fixed implant-supported maxillary prostheses with either welded titanium or conventional cast-gold alloy frameworks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight consecutive patients were provided with 349 osseointegrated Brånemark system implants in the edentulous maxilla at six different implant centers. Twenty-eight of the patients received, at random, prostheses with laser-welded titanium frameworks, and the remaining 30 patients had prostheses with conventional cast-gold alloy frameworks. Clinical and radiographic data were collected for 5 years after prosthesis placement. RESULTS: The titanium and cast-gold framework groups exhibited similar cumulative survival and success rates (CSR). The 5-year implant CSR from time of placement was 91.4% and 94.0%, respectively, and from prosthesis delivery the rate was 94.9% and 95.6%, respectively. The corresponding 5-year prosthesis CSRs were 96.4% and 93.3%. One patient from each group lost all the implants and turned to complete dentures within the first year of function. Another patient with a cast-gold framework had the prosthesis replaced after 4 years, basically because of problems with the veneering material. No fractures of implant components were observed during the follow-up period. Bone loss was on average 0.59 mm (SD 0.97 mm) during 5 years, with no statistical difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Welded titanium frameworks presented a similar favorable clinical performance as conventional cast-gold alloy frameworks in fixed implant-supported prostheses in the edentulous maxilla after 5 years in function. Implant failures were concentrated in only a few patients in each study group.
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| 10. |
- Tannerfeldt, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Summer Feeding on Juvenile Arctic Fox Survival - a Field Experiment
- 1994
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Ingår i: Ecography. - : Wiley. - 0906-7590 .- 1600-0587. ; 17:1, s. 88-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The arctic fox Alopex lagopus L. population in Sweden is small and its numbers fluctuate widely with food availability, i.e. rodent populations. This fluctuation is mediated through differences in recruitment rates between years. The recruitment can be divided into three phases: number of litters born, number of cubs per litter and cub survival rates. The number of litters and their sizes have been shown to depend on food availability during winter and spring. To examine cub survival during the summer and how it relates to food availability, we conducted a feeding experiment in northern Sweden during 1990, a year of low rodent density, involving six occupied arctic fox dens. Feeding at dens lowered cub mortality rates. However, condition and growth rates of juveniles were not influenced by supplementary feeding at dens, nor were they related to the probability of survival for an individual. Thus arctic foxes seem to minimize risks rather than maximize growth. The juvenile mortality from weaning and over the next 6 wk was 21%, mostly due to starvation. Only 8.2% survived from weaning to the first breeding season. Of the one-year-old foxes, 50% survived their second year. Supplementary feeding of juveniles had no effect on the final survival rates over these two years. However, the immediate, positive effect on cub survival could be used in a long-term, extensive management programme if combined with winter feeding.
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