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| 2. |
- Aneer, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Beräkning av kväve- och fosforbelastning på Svealands kustvatten 1997
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport beskriver den beräknade belastningen av näringsämnena kväve och fosfor från olika källor på Svealands kustvatten. Näringsämnena tillförs från innanförliggande landområden och genom nedfall från luften. Rapporten utgör en del av allt det underlagsmaterial som togs fram till det av länsstyrelserna i Stockholms, Uppsala och Södermanland på uppdrag av regeringen framtagna ”Miljö-och hushållningsprogram för skärgården” vilket avrapporterades i december 2003.I Stockholms län är beräkningarna baserade på data om markanvändning, avrinningskoefficienter och utsläpp som finns i den vattenemissionsdatabas och -modell som användspå Länsstyrelsen. På Uppsala och Södermanlands länsstyrelser är beräkningarna gjorda utifrån känd markanvändning och i länen använda avrinningskoefficienter samt där kända utsläppskällor. Beräkningarna har gjorts avrinningsområdesvis och för år 1997.I en del fall har avrinningsområden slagits ihop till större enheter för att i viss mån söka anpassa avrinningsområden till i kustvattnet befintliga havsområden enligt SMHI:s havsområdesindelning. På detta sätt beskrivs belastningen från olika källor inom de i beräkningarnaanvända avrinningsområdena. Rapporten visar storleken på olika källor och diskuterar möjligheterna att ytterligare reducera belastningen ”avrinningsområdesvis”.Belastningsberäkningarna visade att tre huvudsakliga källor bidrog till belastningen av närsalter i Svealands kustområden; punktkällor (framför allt den belastning somkommer efter rening via avloppsreningsverk), Mälaren (i form av den resulterande belastningen från olika källor inom Mälarens avrinningsområde som rinner ut genomNorrström) och deposition på havsytan. När det gäller kväve utgjorde renade utsläpp via avloppsreningsverk de samlat största enskilda källorna, följda av belastningen via Mälaren genom Norrström, deposition på havsytan, avrinning från öppen mark och avrinning från skog. När det gäller fosfor framstod Mälarens belastning via Norrström som den största källan, följd av renat vatten via avloppsreningsverk och därefter deposition på havsytan. Stockholms innerskärgård var det område som belastades hårdast av både kväve och fosfor.
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| 4. |
- Fors, Diddi, et al.
(författare)
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Gas embolism during laparoscopic liver resection in a pig model : frequency and severity
- 2010
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Ingår i: British Journal of Anaesthesia. - : Elsevier BV. - 0007-0912 .- 1471-6771. ; 105:3, s. 282-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Laparoscopic liver surgery is evolving rapidly. Carbon dioxide embolism is a potential complication. The aim of this work was to study the frequency and severity of gas embolism (GE) during laparoscopic liver lobe resection in a pig model and the resulting cardiovascular and respiratory changes. Methods. Fifteen anaesthetized piglets underwent laparoscopic left liver lobe resection. Haemodynamic and respiratory variables were monitored, including systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, end-tidal CO2, and pulmonary dead space. Online blood gas monitoring and a transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) were used. GE was graded semi-quantitatively as grade 0 (none), grade 1 (minor), or grade 2 (major), depending on the TOE results. Results. In 10 of 15 piglets, GE occurred. In total, 33 separate episodes of GE were recorded. All 13 episodes of grade 2 and three of grade 1 were serious enough to cause mainly respiratory, but also haemodynamic effects. Mostly, grade 1 GE caused only minor respiratory or haemodynamic changes. Most variables were affected during grade 2 GE; the most important were Pa-O2, Pa-CO2, end-tidal CO2, Vd/Vt, and mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Conclusions. GE occurred frequently during laparoscopic liver resection in this experimental study. Approximately half of the embolisms were serious enough to cause respiratory or haemodynamic disturbances or both. Pending further human studies, a combination of several monitoring techniques, with narrow limits for the alarm settings, will ensure correct interpretation of the complex physiological response to GE and reveal it early enough to alert the anaesthetist and the surgeon to the ongoing problem.
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| 5. |
- Gutleb, Arno C., et al.
(författare)
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Effects on bone tissue in ewes (Ovies aries) and their foetuses exposed to PCB 118 and PCB 153
- 2010
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Ingår i: Toxicology Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-4274 .- 1879-3169. ; 192:2, s. 126-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate whether low levels of mono-ortho PCB 118 and di-ortho PCB 153, affect bone composition and strength in ewes (Dala breed) and their foetuses following exposure starting at conception and ending a week before expected delivery. In male foetuses, trabecular bone mineral content at the metaphysis was almost 30% lower in the PCB 118 (49mug/kg body wt/day) group compared to the control group (corn oil) (ANCOVA, P<0.05). In female foetuses of the PCB 153 (98mug/kg body wt/day) group trabecular cross-sectional area at the metaphysis was 19% smaller than in the controls (ANCOVA, P<0.05). At the diaphysis a smaller marrow cavity area (up to 24% reduction) was observed in female and male foetuses exposed to PCB 153 compared with controls (ANCOVA, P<0.05). There were also significant differences at the mid diaphyseal measure point between the PCB 153 and the control group females (ANCOVA, P<0.05). Cortical and total bone mineral density, cortical thickness were significantly higher, endosteal circumference shorter and marrow cavity significantly smaller in the PCB 153 group (ANCOVA, P<0.05). In conclusion there were gender dependent effects on bone tissue and cortical bone was more affected than trabecular bone.
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| 6. |
- Larhammar, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of neuropeptide Y and its receptors
- 1997
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Ingår i: Advances in Comparative Endocrinology. - : XIIIth Intl Congress of Comparative Endocrinology. ; , s. 551-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Li, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Performance analysis of local caching replacement policies for internet video streaming services
- 2014
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Ingår i: SoftCOM 2014. - : IEEE Communications Society. - 9789532900521
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, the performance of 5 representative caching replacement policies was investigated and compared for caching Internet video-on-demand (VoD) in local access networks. Two measured traces of end-user requests were used in the analyses for two typical VoD services: TV-on-demand and user generated content represented by YouTube. The studied policies range from simple least recently used (LRU) and least frequently used (LFU) algorithms to more advanced ones denoted as LFU-dynamic lifespan (LFU-DL), Adaptive replacement cache (ARC) and Greedy-dual size frequency (GDSF). Our results show that the ARC policy always outperforms the other policies due to its adaptive nature and its ability to track changes in the traffic patterns. On the other hand, the simple LRU policy can also achieve a caching performance which is comparable to that of the more advanced ARC policy especially for the TV-on-demand service when the potential caching gain is high. On the contrary, the simple LFU policy always shows the poorest performance.However, by applying a proper lifespan supplement under the LFU-DL policy, the caching performance can be effectively enhanced to the level achievable using ARC and LRU policies. Moreover, the GDSF policy does not outperform simple LRU or LFU-DL, especially for YouTube video clips when the potential caching gain is relatively low. The advantage of GDSF manifested in our analysis is, however, its outstanding cache space usage efficiency among the five studied caching algorithms.
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| 8. |
- Li, J., et al.
(författare)
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Performance analysis of local caching replacement policies for internet video streaming services
- 2014
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Ingår i: 2014 22nd International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks, SoftCOM 2014. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9789532900521 ; , s. 341-348
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, the performance of 5 representative caching replacement policies was investigated and compared for caching Internet video-on-demand (VoD) in local access networks. Two measured traces of end-user requests were used in the analyses for two typical VoD services: TV-on-demand and user generated content represented by YouTube. The studied policies range from simple least recently used (LRU) and least frequently used (LFU) algorithms to more advanced ones denoted as LFU-dynamic lifespan (LFU-DL), Adaptive replacement cache (ARC) and Greedy-dual size frequency (GDSF). Our results show that the ARC policy always outperforms the other policies due to its adaptive nature and its ability to track changes in the traffic patterns. On the other hand, the simple LRU policy can also achieve a caching performance which is comparable to that of the more advanced ARC policy especially for the TV-on-demand service when the potential caching gain is high. On the contrary, the simple LFU policy always shows the poorest performance. However, by applying a proper lifespan supplement under the LFU-DL policy, the caching performance can be effectively enhanced to the level achievable using ARC and LRU policies. Moreover, the GDSF policy does not outperform simple LRU or LFU-DL, especially for YouTube video clips when the potential caching gain is relatively low. The advantage of GDSF manifested in our analysis is, however, its outstanding cache space usage efficiency among the five studied caching algorithms.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lind, Peter A., et al.
(författare)
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Variation in mutational robustness between different proteins and the predictability of fitness effects
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular biology and evolution. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 34:2, s. 408-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Random mutations in genes from disparate protein classes may have different distributions of fitness effects (DFEs) depending on different structural, functional and evolutionary constraints. We measured the fitness effects of 156 single mutations in the genes encoding AraC (transcription factor), AraD (enzyme), and AraE (transporter) used for bacterial growth on L- arabinose. Despite their different molecular functions these genes all had bimodal DFEs with most mutations either being neutral or strongly deleterious, providing a general expectation for the DFE. This contrasts with the unimodal DFEs previously obtained for ribosomal protein genes where most mutations were slightly deleterious. Based on theoretical considerations, we suggest that the 33-fold higher average mutational robustness of ribosomal proteins is due to stronger selection for reduced costs of translational and transcriptional errors. While the large majority of synonymous mutations were deleterious for ribosomal proteins genes, no fitness effects could be detected for the AraCDE genes. Four mutations in AraC and AraE increased fitness, suggesting that slightly advantageous mutations make up a significant fraction of the DFE, but that they often escape detection due to the limited sensitivity of commonly used fitness assays. We show that the fitness effects of amino acid substitutions can be predicted based on evolutionary conservation, but that weakly deleterious mutations are less reliably detected. This suggests that large-effect mutations and the fraction of highly deleterious mutations can be computationally predicted, but that experiments are required to characterize the DFE close to neutrality, where many mutations ultimately fixed in a population will occur.
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