| 1. |
- Afrane, George, et al.
(författare)
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A product chain organisation study of certified cocoa supply
- 2013
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Ingår i: 6th International Conference on Life Cycle Management, LCM2013, 25-28 August 2013,Göteborg.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cocoa supplies may become limited in the future. Demands for sustainable cocoa sparked an exploration of the product chain organisation of conventional and certified cocoa from Ghana. The comparison shows that transparency requirements have led to a more complex product chain. Even so, certification has yielded important productivity increases resulting in environmental benefits (e.g. reduced greenhouse gas emissions) and improved livelihoods for smallholder farmers.
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| 2. |
- Alsiö, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Sucrose and Cocaine Self-Administration and Cue-Induced Drug Seeking after Loss of VGLUT2 in Midbrain Dopamine Neurons in Mice
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience. - 0270-6474 .- 1529-2401. ; 31:35, s. 12593-12603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mesostriatal dopamine (DA) system contributes to several aspects of responses to rewarding substances and is implicated in conditions such as drug addiction and eating disorders. A subset of DA neurons has been shown to express the type 2 Vesicular glutamate transporter (Vglut2) and may therefore corelease glutamate. In the present study, we analyzed mice with a conditional deletion of Vglut2 in DA neurons (Vglut2(f/f;DAT-Cre)) to address the functional significance of the glutamate-DA cophenotype for responses to cocaine and food reinforcement. Biochemical parameters of striatal DA function were also examined by using DA receptor autoradiography, immediate-early gene quantitative in situ hybridization after cocaine challenge, and DA-selective in vivo chronoamperometry. Mice in which Vglut2 expression had been abrogated in DA neurons displayed enhanced operant self-administration of both high-sucrose food and intravenous cocaine. Furthermore, cocaine seeking maintained by drug-paired cues was increased by 76%, showing that reward-dependent plasticity is perturbed in these mice. In addition, several lines of evidence suggest that adaptive changes occurred in both the ventral and dorsal striatum in the absence of VGLUT2: DA receptor binding was increased, and basal mRNA levels of the DA-induced early genes Nur77 and c-fos were elevated as after cocaine induction. Furthermore, in vivo challenge of the DA system by potassium-evoked depolarization revealed less DA release in both striatal areas. This study demonstrates that absence of VGLUT2 in DA neurons leads to perturbations of reward consumption as well as reward-associated memory, features of particular relevance for addictive-like behavior.
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| 3. |
- Arvidsson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic design of ordinary rooms using absorbers and diffusers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 2020 International Congress on Noise Control Engineering, INTER-NOISE 2020. - 9788994021362
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With different activities in a room, room acoustic requirements differ and when the acoustic requirements are different, acoustic treatment must be adapted. This study focuses on room acoustics in ordinary public rooms such as classrooms and offices. By tradition the acoustic treatment in these rooms is an absorbent ceiling. Experiments have been carried out in a classroom where the baseline in the acoustic treatment was a highly absorptive acoustic ceiling. This treatment has then been combined with different configurations of diffusers and wall absorbers where the coverage and pattern of the different treatments has been tested to evaluate their effect on the room acoustic parameters. Furthermore, several configurations with different diffuser directionality have been evaluated. The room acoustic parameters reverberation time, speech clarity and sound strength were assessed. The results show a clear correspondence in the room acoustic parameters for the different treatments used, as well as a frequency dependence. Here we discuss the interpretation of these results and how this new information can be used to obtain the room acoustic requirements for a specific activity.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Arvidsson, Emma, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Age- and Sex-Dependence of Dopamine Release and Capacity for Recovery Identified in the Dorsal Striatum ofC57/Bl6J Mice
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:6, s. e99592-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dorsal striatum is the main input structure of the basal ganglia and the major target area of dopaminergic projections originating in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Heavily involved in the regulation of voluntary movement and habit formation, this structure is of strong importance in Parkinson's disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette's syndrome and addiction. The C57/Bl6J mouse strain, the most commonly used strain in preclinical research today, is frequently used as a model organism for analysis of dopaminergic parameters implicated in human pathophysiology. Several components of the dopamine system have been shown to vary with age and sex, however knowledge of the contribution of these factors for dopamine release kinetics in the C57/Bl6J mouse strain is lacking. In the present study, we used an intracranial KCl-stimulation challenge paradigm to provoke release from dopaminergic terminals in the dorsal striatum of anaesthetized C57/Bl6J mice. By high-speed in vivo chronoamperometric recordings, we analyzed DA release parameters in male and female mice of two different ages. Our experiments demonstrate elevated DA amplitudes in adult compared to young mice of both sexes and higher DA amplitudes in females compared to males at both ages. Adult mice exhibited higher recovery capabilities after repeated stimulation than did young mice and also showed a lower variability in the kinetic parameters trise and t80 between stimulations. These results identified age- and sex- dimorphisms in DA release parameters and point to the importance of taking these dimorphisms into account when utilizing the C57/Bl6J mouse strain as model for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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| 6. |
- Arvidsson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Diffusers in public ordinary rooms
- 2019
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Ingår i: InterNoise 19, Madrid, Spain. - 9788487985317 ; , s. 5453-5461
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Traditionally, the room acoustic properties in an ordinary public room are defined by only one parameter, the reverberation time. However, research has showed that additional room acoustic parameters as sound strength and speech clarity are necessary to consider in order to achieve good acoustic conditions. In a room with acoustical ceiling treatment the effects of furniture and interiors on the room acoustic parameters are significant. In addition, by using diffusers with directional properties it is possible to individually control the room acoustic parameters. Room acoustical measurements have been carried out in a reverberation chamber with suspended absorbing ceiling and directional diffusing objects. The effect of different diffuser configurations has been examined regarding reverberation time, speech clarity and sound strength. The evaluation shows that the orientation and the amount of the diffusing elements have a significant influence on the room acoustic parameters and can be used to fine-tune the acoustical conditions in public ordinary rooms with an existing acoustic ceiling treatment. This paper presents a study showing how diffusers can be used to contribute to an improved sound environment in public ordinary rooms with an acoustic ceiling.
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| 7. |
- Arvidsson, Emma, 1986-
(författare)
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Motion and Emotion : Functional In Vivo Analyses of the Mouse Basal Ganglia
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A major challenge in the field of neuroscience is to link behavior with specific neuronal circuitries and cellular events. One way of facing this challenge is to identify unique cellular markers and thus have the ability to, through various mouse genetics tools, mimic, manipulate and control various aspects of neuronal activity to decipher their correlation to behavior. The Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (VGLUT2) packages glutamate into presynaptic vesicles for axonal terminal release. In this thesis, VGLUT2 was used to specifically target cell populations within the basal ganglia of mice with the purpose of investigating its connectivity, function and involvement in behavior. The motor and limbic loops of the basal ganglia are important for processing of voluntary movement and emotions. During such physiological events, dopamine plays a central role in modulating the activity of these systems.The brain reward system is mainly formed by dopamine projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the ventral striatum. Certain dopamine neurons within the VTA exhibit the ability to co-release dopamine and glutamate. In paper I, glutamate and dopamine co-release was targeted and our results demonstrate that the absence of VGLUT2 in dopamine neurons leads to perturbations of reward consumption and reward-associated memory, probably due to reduced DA release observed in the striatum as detected by in vivo chronoamperometry.In papers II and IV, VGLUT2 in a specific subpopulation within the subthalamic nucleus (STN) was identified and targeted. Based on the described role of the STN in movement control, we hypothesized that the mice would be hyperlocomotive. As shown in paper II, this was indeed the case. In paper IV, a putative reward-related phenotype was approached and we could show reduced operant-self administration of sugar and altered dopamine release levels suggesting a role for the STN in reward processes.In paper III, we investigated and identified age- and sex-dimorphisms in dopamine kinetics in the dorsal striatum of one of the most commonly used mouse lines worldwide, the C57/Bl6J. Our results point to the importance of taking these dimorphisms into account when utilizing the C57/Bl6J strain as model for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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| 8. |
- Arvidsson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of sound absorbing ceilings
- 2018
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Ingår i: 47th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (INTERNOISE 2018). - 9781510873032
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The typical acoustical treatment in ordinary rooms such as classrooms, offices, conference rooms etc is an absorbing suspended ceiling. Due to the non-uniform distribution of the absorbing material the sound field at steady-state and during sound decay is far from the ideal conditions assumed in the diffuse field theory. Especially during the sound decay, the degeneration of the sound field emphasizes the shortcomings of the diffuse field assumption. On the other hand, the absorbing properties of sound absorbing ceilings are determined under diffuse field conditions according to the standard ISO 354. The outcome of this measurement in the form of an absorption coefficient is often used as input data in calculation or simulation models. This means that the absorbing properties of the ceilings are characterized under circumstances that are hardly ever encountered in practice. The directional scattering effect of furniture and other interior objects is another circumstance that has to be considered to understand the interaction between the absorbing ceiling and the sound field in rooms with ceiling treatment. In this paper the outline of a project is presented that deals with how to optimize the acoustical properties of ceilings in order to achieve certain room acoustic target values related to reverberation time, speech clarity and sound strength.
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| 9. |
- Arvidsson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Pattern and orientation of diffusers in rooms with an absorbent ceiling
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress on Acoustics : Integrating 4th EAA Euroregio 2019 - Integrating 4th EAA Euroregio 2019. - 2226-7808 .- 2415-1599. - 9783939296157 ; 2019-September, s. 2281-2288
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lately have the demands on good room acoustics in public ordinary rooms increased. Traditionally has only reverberation time been considered in this type of rooms but complementary parameters as sound strength and speech clarity are more commonly used today. This trend naturally implies higher demands on the acoustic treatment. Typical for public ordinary rooms is to use an absorbent ceiling. One way to further improve the acoustic properties is to complement the ceiling treatment with diffusers. To investigate the effect of combining these two types of acoustic treatments have measurements been carried out combing different setups of diffusers in a reverberant room with an absorbent ceiling. The impact on reverberation time, speech clarity and sound strength has been studied. In this paper we present how diffusers can be used in order to improve the acoustic properties in a public ordinary room with an absorbent ceiling and how the pattern and orientation of diffusers can be used to adjust different acoustic parameters.
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| 10. |
- Arvidsson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of the absorption and scattering effects of diffusers in a room with absorbent ceiling
- 2021
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Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-5309. ; 11:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In ordinary public rooms, such as classrooms and offices, an absorbent ceiling is the typical first acoustic action. This treatment provides a good acoustic baseline. However, an improvement of specific room acoustic parameters, operating for specific frequencies, can be needed. It has been seen that diffusing elements can be effective additional treatment. In order to choose the right design, placement, and quantity of diffusers, a model to estimate the effect on the acoustics is necessary. This study evaluated whether an SEA model could be used for that purpose, particularly for the cases where diffusers are used in combination with an absorbent ceiling. It was investigated whether the model could handle different quantities of diffusing elements, varied diffusion characteristics, and varied installation patterns. It was found that the model was sensitive to these changes, given that the output from the model in terms of acoustic properties will be reflected by the change of diffuser configuration design. It was also seen that the absorption and scattering of the diffusers could be quantified in a laboratory environment: a reverberation chamber. Through the SEA model, these quantities could be transformed to a full-scale room for estimation of the room acoustic parameters.
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