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- Arvidsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Diverging Discourses: Animal Health Challenges and Veterinary Care in Northern Uganda
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Veterinary Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2297-1769. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People in northern Uganda are currently rebuilding their lives after a lengthy period of conflict. To facilitate this, the Ugandan government and donors have promoted investment in pigs as an important strategy for generating income quickly and ensuring livelihood security. In this context, animal health issues are an acknowledged challenge, creating uncertainty for animal owners who risk losing both their animals and income. This paper draws on policy documents guiding the veterinary sector, interviews with faculty staff at Makerere University and with veterinarians and paraprofessionals in northern Uganda, and ethnographic fieldwork in smallholder communities. The aims of this study were to contribute to an understanding of the structure of veterinary support and its dominant development narratives in policy and veterinary education and of the way in which dominant discourses and practices affect smallholders' ability to treat sick animals. Particular attention was paid to the role of paraprofessionals, here referring to actors with varied levels of training who provide animal health services mainly in rural areas. The results suggest that veterinary researchers, field veterinarians and government officials in agricultural policy share a common discourse in which making smallholders more business-minded and commercializing smallholder production are important elements in reducing rural poverty in Uganda. This way of framing smallholder livestock production overlooks other important challenges faced by smallholders in their livestock production, as well as alternative views of agricultural development. The public veterinary sector is massively under-resourced; thus while inadequately trained paraprofessionals and insufficient veterinary support currently present a risks to animal health, paraprofessionals fulfill an important role for smallholders unable to access the public veterinary sector. The dominant discourse framing paraprofessionals as "quacks" tends to downplay how important they are to smallholders by mainly highlighting the negative outcomes for animal healthcare resulting from their lack of formalized training. The conclusions of this study are that both animal health and smallholders' livelihoods would benefit from closer collaboration between veterinarians and paraprofessionals and from a better understanding of smallholders' needs.
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- Arvidsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Pigs as a shortcut to money? Social traps in smallholder pig production in northern Uganda
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 94, s. 319-325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent decades have seen a growing market for pork in Uganda. The government and donors have promoted pig rearing as a potential route out of poverty for poor smallholders. The idea is that upscaling and commercialisation of smallholder pig production can be a successful way out of poverty. Drawing on the concepts of trust and social traps, this article describes how pig production fails as a pathway out of poverty in post-conflict communities in northern Uganda due to tensions created by the focus on individual wealth creation. Results from ethnographic fieldwork reveal that there is a strong moral obligation in the studied communities for individuals who fare better to contribute to the community and share their wealth. Social tensions remaining from the period of conflict are stoked by the focus on individual wealth creation in pig production, resulting in acts of harming, stealing and killing other people's pigs. Locally these acts are said to be caused by “jealousy”, which for many smallholders is a more significant problem than disease in pig production. The findings suggest that poverty reduction measures would be more successful if they focused on distributed approaches aimed at raising the general level of welfare in communities and supporting the collective rather than the individual
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- Arvidsson, Klara, 1983-
(författare)
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« C'est ça, en fait. » Développer l'idiomaticité dans une L2 pendant un séjour linguistique : Trois études sur le rôle des différences individuelles
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with the development of idiomaticity in French as a second language (L2). Idiomaticity in this context refers to knowledge and use of multiword expressions (MWEs), such as for example c'est ça and en fait. Developing idiomaticity is an important yet challenging aspect of L2 learning, and requires substantial exposure to the target language (TL). This makes the study abroad learning context ideal. However, research shows that learners vary considerably with respect to their linguistic development during their stay abroad. The aim of this thesis is to investigate what factors promote the development of idiomaticity in L2 French during a semester abroad. The thesis comprises three studies which are informed by usage-based approaches to language learning and individual difference research, and which include a total of 43 participants. Study I quantitatively investigates the role of quantity of TL contact for the learning of MWEs used in informal conversations. The results show that quantity of TL contact during the stay abroad did not predict the development of MWE knowledge. Study II qualitatively explores what kind of TL contact and what psychological orientation (a constellation of psychological factors) might promote MWE learning by focusing on contrasting cases of learners from Study I. The findings suggest that a relatively varied contact with the TL in combination with a favorable psychological orientation promoted MWE learning, including a self-reported tendency to notice language forms, a strong L2 motivation, a sense of self-efficacy and self-regulatory capabilities. Study III explores the role of social networks for the development of idiomaticity in spoken L2 French. It is found that the learner's repertoire of MWEs was promoted by a social network including several relationships sustained in the TL. Overall, the findings suggest that a relatively varied TL contact in combination with a favorable psychological orientation and/or a social network including TL speakers promote the development of L2 idiomaticity during the semester abroad. In other words, mere exposure to the TL does not seem to be enough to develop idiomaticity. This thesis contributes to SA research on L2 learning and can hopefully be of use to future SA participants who want to develop their knowledge and use of MWEs which are key to successful communication in an L2.
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- Arvidsson, Klara, 1983-
(författare)
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Learning multiword expression in a second language during study abroad : the role of individual differences
- 2021
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Ingår i: Study abroad and the second language learner. - : Bloomsbury Academic. - 9781350104198
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on individual differences in the learning of multiword expressions (MWEs) in a second language (L2) in a study abroad (SA) context. The chapter reports on the findings from a qualitative component of a mixed-methods project, where a preceding quantitative study (Arvidsson, in press) of 41 Swedish SA participants revealed that quantity of target language (TL) contact did not predict the learning of MWEs in L2 French during a semester in France. Since quantity of TL contact did not play a role, this study aims to further explore what qualitative factors might be at play in the learning of MWEs in terms of TL contact and individual differences. The analysis is based on individual interviews with contrasting cases of learners who developed their MWE knowledge to opposing degrees during their semester abroad. The findings suggest that relatively varied and regular TL contact in combination with a certain psychological orientation (a constellation of individual differences) promote the learning of MWEs.
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- Arvidsson, Klara, 1983-
(författare)
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Quantity of target language contact in study abroad and knowledge of multiword expressions : A Usage-Based approach to L2 development
- 2019
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Ingår i: Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 2405-5522 .- 2405-5530. ; 4:2, s. 145-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study takes a Usage-Based approach to the learning of French multiword expressions (MWEs) in Study Abroad (SA). MWEs are conventionalized form-meaning mappings, for example du coup (‘and so’) and en fait (‘actually’), and are assumed to be learned through repeated exposure. Based on this assumption, the study adopted a pretest/posttest design to explore how quantity of out-of-class target-language (TL) contact predicted the development of MWE knowledge among 41 Swedish students during a semester in France. MWE knowledge was assessed by a modified cloze test based on transcriptions of informal language use (www.clapi.fr) and TL contact information was obtained through the Language Engagement Questionnaire (McManus, Mitchell, & Tracy-Ventura, 2014). Contrary to expectations, the findings showed that quantity of out-of-class TL contact did not predict gains in MWE knowledge and add further counterevidence for the role of sheer quantity of TL contact for linguistic development in SA.
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- Arvidsson, Klara, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Réseaux sociaux et développement linguistique : Une étude de cas en français L2
- 2019
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Ingår i: Language, Interaction and Acquisition. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1879-7865 .- 1879-7873. ; 10:2, s. 255-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cette étude longitudinale contribue aux recherches sur l’ acquisition d’ une langue seconde (L2) dans le contexte de séjour linguistique à l'étranger (Study Abroad), où l’ on s’ intéresse de plus en plus à comprendre comment les facteurs non-linguistiques interagissent avec le développement linguistique. Elle étudie le rôle de la nature du réseau social (au sens sociologique) de l’ apprenant dans le développement de la production orale en français L2 chez deux étudiants suédois qui passent un semestre en France et dont les niveaux d’ intégration dans la communauté de la langue cible (LC) s’ opposent. L’ analyse suggère qu’ un réseau social plus riche en relations en LC confère un avantage supplémentaire en ce qui concerne le développement du répertoire des expressions polylexicales (EPL) de l’ apprenant, mais non pas le développement de l’ exactitude grammaticale, de la diversité lexicale et de l’ usage des marqueurs discursifs. Ainsi, l’ étude vient partiellement à l’ appui de la supposition que le réseau social de l’ apprenant explique la variation individuelle dans le développement linguistique.
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- Arvidsson, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Self-perceived linguistic progress, target language use and personality development during study abroad
- 2018
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Ingår i: Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 2405-5522 .- 2405-5530. ; 3:1, s. 144-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This exploratory study investigates the development of personality dimensions related to multicultural effectiveness and its relation to amount of target language use and self-perceived progress in speaking during a sojourn abroad in seven European countries. The participants were 59 Swedish and Belgian university students. The Multicultural Personality Questionnaire – Short Form ( van der Zee, Van Oudenhoven, Ponterotto, & Fietzer, 2013 ) was administered at the beginning and the end of the semester, and data on self-reported weekly hours of target language use and self-perceived linguistic progress were gathered at Time 2. The main findings are the observed moderate or near moderate correlations between self-perceived progress in speaking and change in Cultural Empathy, and between amount of target language use and change in Cultural Empathy and Openmindedness. This points to the relevance of further studies on the role of target language use and progress in the development of personality characteristics.
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