| 1. |
- Arvidsson, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of process-oriented group supervision as reported by nursing students : a pilot study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Vård i Norden. - Köpenhamn : SSN [Sjuksköterskornas samarbete i Norden]. - 0107-4083 .- 1890-4238. ; 28:1, s. 26-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One method to ensure that nursing students are better prepared for their future professional role can be to offer them process-oriented group supervision. The aim of this prospective, longitudinal pilot study was to evaluate the effects of a process-oriented group supervision programme (PGSP) comprising educational, supportive and developmental areas based on reports by nursing students undergoing a 3-year nursing education. The students (N=61) evaluated their experiences of the PGSP by means of a questionnaire, which they filled in after each study year. An independent t-test was conducted to compare the educational, supportive, and developmental areas after the first (2002), second (2003) and third year (2004) as well as over the whole 3-year study period. The result showed no significant difference in scores in the educational area. However, there was a significant increase in the supportive area (p=.03) over the 3-year period, which was especially noticeable during the first year (p=.013). There was also an increase in the developmental area over the 3-year period (p=.021) as well as during the first year (p=.024). Thus, PGSP seems to develop nursing students in their professional identity and personal growth. However, as this was a pilot study, a research implication is to perform a large-scale study over a longer period of time.
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| 2. |
- Arvidsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-cultural validation of a simple self-report instrument of physical activity in immigrants from the Middle East and native Swedes.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 42:3, s. 255-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate cross-cultural validity of a simple self-report instrument of physical activity intended to be used in Swedish health care. Methods: A validation study performed in 599 Iraqis (58% men) and 553 Swedes (53% men) aged 30-75 years living in the city of Malmö, Sweden. The self-report instrument by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare was compared to corresponding measures assessed from accelerometry as reference. Results: The agreement between the methods in assessing the participants as sufficiently/insufficiently physically active (cut-point 150 min/week) was 65% in the Iraqis and 52% in the Swedes (p<0.001). The proportion disagreement where the self-reported physical activity was sufficient but insufficient according to the accelerometry was 26% and 45% in Iraqis and Swedes, respectively. Physical activity time (min/week) was overestimated by self-report compared to accelerometry by 71% in the Iraqis and 115% in the Swedes (p<0.001). The smallest and largest overestimation was seen in Iraqi (57%) and Swedish (139%) women, respectively. The deviation of the self-report instrument compared to accelerometry was related to the physical activity level, as the overestimation mainly occurred at lower physical activity. Conclusions: The self-report instrument proposed by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare may overestimate the proportion sufficiently physically active, but to an extent depending on cultural background and gender.
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| 3. |
- Arvidsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Vigorous Physical Activity may be Important for the Insulin Sensitivity in Immigrants From the Middle East and Native Swedes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Activity & Health. - : Human Kinetics. - 1543-3080 .- 1543-5474. ; 12:2, s. 273-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To compare physical activity measures and their associations with insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function and body mass index (BMI) between Iraqi immigrants and native Swedes. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 493 Iraqis (58% men) and 469 Swedes (54% men) aged 30 to 75 years living in the city of Malmo, Sweden. Accelerometry was used for physical activity measures (sedentary time, breaks in sedentary time, moderate and vigorous physical activity, total counts). Insulin sensitivity index and oral disposal index were determined from an oral glucose tolerance test and BMI by body weight and height. Results: Iraqi men were less physically active than Swedish men, while the physical activity was more similar in the women. BMI was a strong predictor of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function and frequently associated with the physical activity measures. BMI modified the associations of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function with the physical activity measures to such extent that only VPA and total counts show direct associations with insulin sensitivity in addition to the indirect associations via BMI. Iraqi women demonstrated weaker associations compared with Swedish women. Conclusions: Physical activity and performed at vigorous intensity may be important mainly for the insulin sensitivity in Iraqi immigrants and native Swedes.
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| 4. |
- Arvidsson, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Bidirectional associations between psychosocial well-being and adherence to healthy dietary guidelines in European children: prospective findings from the IDEFICS study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bmc Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In children the relationship between a healthy diet and psychosocial well-being has not been fully explored and the existing evidence is inconsistent. This study investigates the chronology of the association between children's adherence to healthy dietary guidelines and their well-being, with special attention to the influence of weight status on the association. Methods: Seven thousand six hundred seventy five children 2 to 9 years old from the eight-country cohort study IDEFICS were investigated. They were first examined between September 2007 and June 2008 and re-examined again 2 years later. Psychosocial well-being was measured using self-esteem and parent relations questions from the KINDL (R) and emotional and peer problems from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. A Healthy Dietary Adherence Score (HDAS) was calculated from a 43-item food frequency questionnaire as a measure of the degree to which children's dietary intake follows nutrition guidelines. The analysis employed multilevel logistic regression (country as random effect) with bidirectional modeling of dichotomous dietary and well-being variables as both exposures and outcomes while controlling for respective baseline values. Results: A higher HDAS at baseline was associated with better self-esteem (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0; 1.4) and fewer emotional and peer problems (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1; 1.3 and OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2; 1.4) 2 years later. For the reversed direction, better self-esteem was associated with higher HDAS 2 years later (OR 1.1 95% CI 1.0; 1.29). The analysis stratified by weight status revealed that the associations between higher HDAS at baseline and better well-being at follow-up were similar in both normal weight and overweight children. Conclusion: Present findings suggest a bidirectional relation between diet quality and self-esteem. Additionally, higher adherence to healthy dietary guidelines at baseline was associated with fewer emotional and peer problems at follow-up, independent of children's weight status.
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| 5. |
- Arvidsson, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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BMI, eating habits and sleep in relation to salivary counts of mutans streptococci in children - the IDEFICS Sweden study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 19:6, s. 1088-1092
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between salivary counts of mutans streptococci (MS) and children's weight status, while considering associated covariates. MS ferments carbohydrates from the diet and contributes to caries by lowering the pH in dental plaque. In adults, high counts of MS in saliva have been associated with overweight, but this has not been shown in children. Design: Cross-sectional study investigating salivary counts of MS, BMI Z-score, waist circumference, meal frequency, sugar propensity and sleep duration, in children. Setting: West Sweden. Subjects: Children (n 271) aged 4-11 years. Results: Medium-high counts of MS were positively associated with higher BMI Z-score (OR=1.6; 95 % CI 1.1, 2.3). Positive associations were also found between medium-high counts of MS and more frequent meals per day (OR=1.5; 95 % CI 1.1, 2.2), greater percentage of sugar-rich foods consumed (OR=1.1; 95 % CI 1.0, 1.3) and female sex (OR=2.4; 95 % CI 1.1, 5.4). A negative association was found between medium-high counts of MS and longer sleep duration (OR=0.5; 95 % CI 0.3, 1.0). Conclusions: BMI Z-score was associated with counts of MS. Promoting adequate sleep duration and limiting the intake frequency of sugar-rich foods and beverages could provide multiple benefits in public health interventions aimed at reducing dental caries and childhood overweight.
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| 6. |
- Arvidsson, Louise
(författare)
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Diets of European children, with focus on BMI, well-being, and families The IDEFICS/I.Family cohort
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate children’s diet, BMI z-score, and parental feeding practices (PFPs), in relation to mutans streptococci (MS) count, psychosocial well-being and children’s BMI trajectory, as well as exploring the effect of the intervention in the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) study on diets of families five years after the intervention. About 16,000 children from eight European countries participated in the IDEFICS study in 2007/2008 (referred to as index children). During 2008 a community intervention was carried out targeting diet, physical activity and stress. In 2009, 68% of the children returned for a follow-up examination. In 2013, I.Family started and 6,055 of the children returned for a third follow-up, and at this time point 7,794 parents and 2,512 siblings also participated. Height and weight were measured, saliva was collected, and information on eating habits, feeding practices, well-being, and socioeconomic factors were reported at all time points. High salivary MS count was found among 18% of the children in a sub-sample from the Swedish IDEFICS cohort. Higher BMI z-score, more frequent intake of meals and higher propensity for consuming sugar were all independently associated with higher MS count. In contrast, an inverse association was found between hours of sleep and MS count. Bi-directional associations were identified between a healthy diet, measured by adherence to healthy dietary guidelines, and better self-esteem. Additionally, a healthy diet was associated with fewer emotional and peer problems two years later, with a monotonic trend entailing a consistent increase for all indicators of well-being associated with higher adherence. These associations were moderated by children’s sex. PFPs at IDEFICS baseline explained 22% of the variation in children’s BMI z-score at I.Family. More specifically, PFPs involving restriction and considering putting the child on a diet were associated with higher odds of developing overweight independent of baseline BMI z-score and parental BMI. This association was stable across social vulnerability groups. At I.Family, better diet quality (as measured by lower propensity for consuming fat and sugar, and higher propensity for consuming water, and fruit and vegetables) was reported by families in the intervention communities. However, investigation of the five-year change in fat, sugar, and water propensity ratio among index children failed to identify any differences between the intervention and control groups longitudinally. This thesis documents the importance of healthy eating habits in reducing the risk of dental caries and maintaining good psychosocial well-being in children. Furthermore, restrictive PFPs are not helpful in promoting a healthy weight development. It is therefore important to identify other, more effective, PFPs and to include parents more directly in future intervention studies aiming at improving children’s eating habits.
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| 7. |
- Arvidsson, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Fat, sugar and water intakes among families from the IDEFICS intervention and control groups: first observations from I.Family
- 2015
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Ingår i: Obesity Reviews. - : Wiley. - 1467-7881 .- 1467-789X. ; 16:Suppl. 2, s. 127-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe objective of this paper is to investigate differences in diets of families in intervention versus control communities 5years after the Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants intervention ended. MethodsAltogether, 4,691 families from the I.Family study with at least one participating parent and one child are included in this analysis. Diet quality indicators, defined as propensities to consume fat, sugar, water and fruit and vegetables, are calculated from a 59-item food frequency questionnaire. Multilevel linear models with random intercepts for study centre are used to determine whether mean diet indicators, calculated at the family level, differed as a function of previous exposure to the intervention. ResultsFamilies in the intervention communities reported a significantly lower sugar propensity (19.8% vs. 20.7% of total food items, p<0.01) and a higher water propensity (47.3% vs. 46.0% of total beverages, p<0.05) compared with families in the control communities, while fat and fruit and vegetables propensities were similar. No significant diet differences between intervention and control children were present at the Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants baseline. DiscussionThis result indicates better diet quality in intervention families, which was not present in children when their diets were assessed before the intervention, and gives some cause for optimism regarding the sustainability of some aspects of the diet intervention.
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| 8. |
- Arvidsson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Cirkulära möbelflöden : Hur nya affärsmodeller kan bidra till hållbar utveckling inom offentliga möbler
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sverige har en stark möbelindustri och en stolt tradition av att tillverka tidlösa och högkvalitativa möbler, ofta av naturmaterial. 2016 producerade Sverige möbler för 22,8 miljarder SEK, varav kontorsmöbler stod för nästan en fjärdedel1. Det saknas idag statistik över vad som händer med dessa möbler när de inte längre används, men det står klart att många av dem slängs i förtid när verksamheter flyttar eller när deras behov ändras. Samtidigt syns en tydlig utveckling mot att kunder mer och mer efterfrågar återbrukade eller renoverade möbler som en del i sitt hållbarhetsarbete. Denna utveckling var startpunkten för projektet ”Affärsmodell-innovation för cirkulära möbelflöden”. Affärsmodellinnovation för cirkulära möbelflöden är ett Vinnovafinansierat projekt som under åren 2015-2017 arbetat med att utveckla och testa koncept för cirkulära affärsmodeller för i första hand offentliga möbler. I projektet har tjugo aktörer från hela värdekedjan, från underleverantörer, möbelproducenter, återförsäljare och användare till forskare och branschorgan, samarbetat kring affärsutveckling, kundincitament, produktdesign, logistik, hållbarhets- och certifieringsfrågor. Den här skriften belyser hur nya affärsmodeller för mer cirkulära möbelflöden kan bidra till en mer hållbar utveckling och ger smakprov på slutsatser från projektet. Skriften riktar sig framför allt till producenter och återförsäljare av möbler för offentliga miljöer, men även kunder och inköpare tror vi kan ha stor nytta av skriften. Vi hoppas att den även kan fungera som inspiration för andra industrier och branscher som funderar på en övergång till mer cirkulära affärsekosystem.
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| 9. |
- Arvidsson, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
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The Zinc Paradox – a Problem for USETox-based indicators of national chemical footprint
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Considering the immense problem of chemical pollution worldwide, there is a great need for methods that can be used to calculate indicators of chemical footprints. Such indicators can be calculated for products and services using life cycle assessment (LCA), but also for whole nations. Indicators of natio- nal chemical footprints may include emissions within the nation’s borders only, or also emissions related to consumption (thus having a life cycle perspective). A limited number of studies (< 5) have attempted to calculate indicators of national chemical footprints using the USEtox consensus model for toxicity impact assessment in LCA. One of these is our calculation of indicators of a national chemical footprint for Sweden. Two other studies have made similar assessments for Europe. Using the national perspective of these studies enables a rough validation of USEtox results, since the indicators of national chemiABSTRACTS 62 63 cal footprint based on USEtox can be compared to non-LCA toxicity assessments done on national levels. Such validations are not possible for LCA studies of single products. Notably, the results of existing assessments of indicators of national chemical footprints, including our Swedish study, all pinpoint zinc as the dominating substance. Zinc typically accounts for >50% of the toxicity impacts for both ecotoxicity and human toxicity. For ecotoxicity, this is not unreasonable considering the notable toxicity of zinc to aquatic organisms. For human toxicity, this result is more surprising. Zinc is an essential trace element for humans that many take as a dietary supplement to prevent zinc deficiency. Non-LCA sources describe zinc as “relatively harmless” to human health. The World Health Organisation (WHO) does not list zinc among the top ten chemicals of major public health concern, although there are other metals on the list (mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic). These contradictory claims about zinc’s health impact seem to constitute a paradox. We present a review of existing studies assessing indicators of national chemical footprints, and of toxicological research related to zinc. We further discuss potential causes of this zinc paradox, as well as implications for assessments of indicators of national chemical footprints with USEtox.
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| 10. |
- Arvidsson, Rickard, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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The zinc paradox – a problem for USEtox-based indicators of national chemical footprints?
- 2016
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Ingår i: SETAC Europe 22th Case Study Symposium, 20-22 September, Montpellier, France.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Considering the immense problem of chemical pollution worldwide, there is a great need for methods that can be used to calculate indicators of chemical footprints. Such indicators can be calculated for products and services using life cycle assessment (LCA), but also for whole nations. Indicators of national chemical footprints may include emissions within the nation’s borders only, or also emissions related to consumption (thus having a life cycle perspective). A limited number of studies ( 50% of the toxicity impacts for both ecotoxicity and human toxicity. For ecotoxicity, this is not unreasonable considering the notable toxicity of zinc to aquatic organisms. For human toxicity, this result is more surprising. Zinc is an essential trace element for humans that many take as a dietary supplement to prevent zinc deficiency. Non-LCA sources describe zinc as “relatively harmless” to human health. The World Health Organisation (WHO) does not list zinc among the top ten chemicals of major public health concern, although there are other metals on the list (mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic). These contradictory claims about zinc’s health impact seem to constitute a paradox. We present a review of existing studies assessing indicators of national chemical footprints, and of toxicological research related to zinc. We further discuss potential causes of this zinc paradox, as well as implications for assessments of indicators of national chemical footprints with USEtox.
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