| 1. |
- Andersson, Fredrik N G, et al.
(författare)
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The EU’s Sustainable Finance Platform: A new game plan in the quest for competitive advantage
- 2023
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Ingår i: Creating a Sustainable Competitive Position. Ethical Challenges for International Firms. - 9781804552520 - 9781804552490 ; 37, s. 237-249
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The game plan firms must navigate in the quest of competitive advantage which is changing quickly. More and more firms acknowledge that future prosperity depends on achieving the joint goals of economic, environmental and social sustainability. This understanding has resulted in both firms and actors on the financial markets enhancing their focus on environmental, social and governance dimensions in their respective decision-making processes. In this chapter, the focus is on one key component of the changing game plan, the European Union’s (EU) Sustainable Finance Platform that envisions investors as a key driver of firms’ sustainability transformation. Based on survey data from Swedish listed firms, we discuss implications and outcomes of the Platform. Our results show that investors play an important role in setting the rules of the gameplan for firms. However, not to the extent that it meets the ambitions of the policymakers. This suggests either that the Platform will fail to meet its aims or that firms should expect further significant changes to the gameplan in the future.
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| 2. |
- Halliday, Alison, et al.
(författare)
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10-year stroke prevention after successful carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic stenosis (ACST-1) : A multicentre randomised trial
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 376:9746, s. 1074-1084
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background If carotid artery narrowing remains asymptomatic (ie, has caused no recent stroke or other neurological symptoms), successful carotid endarterectomy (CEA) reduces stroke incidence for some years. We assessed the long-term effects of successful CEA. Methods Between 1993 and 2003, 3120 asymptomatic patients from 126 centres in 30 countries were allocated equally, by blinded minimised randomisation, to immediate CEA (median delay 1 month, IQR 0·3-2·5) or to indefinite deferral of any carotid procedure, and were followed up until death or for a median among survivors of 9 years (IQR 6-11). The primary outcomes were perioperative mortality and morbidity (death or stroke within 30 days) and non-perioperative stroke. Kaplan-Meier percentages and logrank p values are from intention-to-treat analyses. This study is registered, number ISRCTN26156392. Findings 1560 patients were allocated immediate CEA versus 1560 allocated deferral of any carotid procedure. The proportions operated on while still asymptomatic were 89·7 versus 4·8 at 1 year (and 92·1 vs 16·5 at 5 years). Perioperative risk of stroke or death within 30 days was 3·0 (95 CI 2·4-3·9; 26 non-disabling strokes plus 34 disabling or fatal perioperative events in 1979 CEAs). Excluding perioperative events and non-stroke mortality, stroke risks (immediate vs deferred CEA) were 4·1 versus 10·0 at 5 years (gain 5·9, 95 CI 4·0-7·8) and 10·8 versus 16·9 at 10 years (gain 6·1, 2·7-9·4); ratio of stroke incidence rates 0·54, 95 CI 0·43-0·68, p<0·0001. 62 versus 104 had a disabling or fatal stroke, and 37 versus 84 others had a non-disabling stroke. Combining perioperative events and strokes, net risks were 6·9 versus 10·9 at 5 years (gain 4·1, 2·0-6·2) and 13·4 versus 17·9 at 10 years (gain 4·6, 1·2-7·9). Medication was similar in both groups; throughout the study, most were on antithrombotic and antihypertensive therapy. Net benefits were significant both for those on lipid-lowering therapy and for those not, and both for men and for women up to 75 years of age at entry (although not for older patients). Interpretation Successful CEA for asymptomatic patients younger than 75 years of age reduces 10-year stroke risks. Half this reduction is in disabling or fatal strokes. Net benefit in future patients will depend on their risks from unoperated carotid lesions (which will be reduced by medication), on future surgical risks (which might differ from those in trials), and on whether life expectancy exceeds 10 years. Funding UK Medical Research Council, BUPA Foundation, Stroke Association.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Makatini, Maya M., et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and structural studies of pentacycloundecane-based HIV-1 PR inhibitors : A hybrid 2D NMR and docking/QM/MM/MD approach
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0223-5234 .- 1768-3254. ; 46:9, s. 3976-3985
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pentacycloundecane (PCU) lactam-peptide based HIV protease inhibitors were synthesized and nanomolar activity against the resistance-prone wild type C-South African HIV protease is reported. NMR investigations indicated that the activity is related to the chirality of the PCU moiety and its ability to induce conformations of the coupled peptide side chain. EASY-ROESY NMR experiments gave information about the 3D structure of the cage peptides and 3D solution structure could be linked to the experimental IC(50) activity profile of the considered inhibitors. QM/MM/MD simulations of the inhibitors in solution confirmed the NMR observed conformations. Docking experiments and QM/MM/MD simulations of the inhibitor-HIV PR complexes were also performed. These computational results complimented the experimental inhibition activities and enabled us to report a unique binding mode for PCU-based inhibitors at the active site of HIV-protease enzyme. A conserved hydrogen bonding pattern between the norstatine type functional group of the PCU hydroxylactam and active site residues, ASP25/ASP25', was observed in all active compounds. The biological significance and possible mode of inhibition by PCU-based HIV PR inhibitors discussed herein provide us with a deeper understanding of the mode of action of these novel inhibitors. The PCU-peptides are between 6000 and 8500 time less toxic to human MT-4 cells than Lopinavir. This potentially creates new application avenues for these putative inhibitors to be investigated against a vast number of other disease-related proteases.
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| 5. |
- Tärning, Joel, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Human Urinary Metabolites of the Antimalarial Piperaquine
- 2006
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Ingår i: Drug Metabolism And Disposition. - : American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET). - 0090-9556 .- 1521-009X. ; 34, s. 2011-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five metabolites of the antimalarial piperaquine (PQ) (1,3-bis-[4-(7chloroquinolyl-4)-piperazinyl-1]-propane) have been identified and their molecular structures characterized. After a p.o. dose of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, urine collected over 16 h from two healthy subjects was analyzed using liquid chromatography (LC)/UV, LC/tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)/MS, and H NMR. Five different peaks were recognized as possible metabolites [M1, 320 m/z; M2, M3, and M4, 551 m/z (PQ + 16 m/z); and M5, 567 m/z (PQ + 32 m/z)] using LC/MS/MS with gradient elution. The proposed carboxylic M1 has a theoretical monoisotopic molecular mass of 320.1166 m/z, which is in accordance with the FTICR/MS (320.1168 m/z) findings. The LC/MS/MS results also showed a 551 m/z metabolite (M2) with a distinct difference both in polarity and fragmentation pattern compared with PQ, 7-hydroxypiperaquine, and the other 551 m/z metabolites. We suggest that this is caused by N-oxidation of PQ. The results showed two metabolites (M3 and M4) with a molecular ion at 551 m/z and similar fragmentation pattern as both PQ and 7-hydroxypiperaquine; therefore, they are likely to be hydroxylated PQ metabolites. The molecular structures of M1 and M2 were also confirmed using H NMR. Urinary excretion rate in one subject suggested a terminal elimination half-life of about 53 days for M1. Assuming formation rate-limiting kinetics, this would support recent findings that the terminal elimination half-life of PQ has been underestimated previously.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Fredrik N G, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehension, mapping and reporting of climate-related risks among listed firms in Sweden
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We study the comprehension, mapping, and reporting of climate-related risks among firms listed on the NasdaqOMX stock exchange in Stockholm. Our study contains two parts: i) a study on the firms’ external communication through their annual reports, sustainability reports and webpages, and ii) a follow-up survey addressed to each firm’s management team. We find that firms are likely to engage in some form of mapping and reporting of climate-related risks. However, their comprehension of the nature of these risks, underlying problems, and what a climate transition implies varies across firms and industries. There are also substantial variations in the method employed to map and report climate- related risks. Our results further suggest that firms use the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures’ recommendations (TCFD) on how to map and report climate risks as a learning tool to improve their climate-risk management. However, as a voluntary initiative it is insufficient to generate substantial change. Consequently, policymakers should focus on improving firms’ comprehension of what constitutes a climate-risk, how to map such risks and how to report them. The mapping and reporting of climate-related risk may otherwise prove an inefficient tool to redirect and accelerate investments promoting a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Fredrik N G, et al.
(författare)
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The firms’ integration process of the twin pillars of environmental sustainability: climate change and biodiversity loss
- 2024
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examines the integration of climate change and biodiversity into business strategies and governance structures of listed firms on the Swedish stock exchange NasdaqOMX Large Cap. The results show clear disparities in the level of integration and the factors driving the integration process. All, but a few small firms, have integrated climate change into business strategies, and are ahead in the process of integrating it into governance structures. Biodiversity integration is lagging behind the integration of climate change. We also find that the integration process depends on the sustainability competences within the board unlike climate change when the board composition is less important. Additionally, our results show that firms require external pressures from, e.g., regulations to integrate biodiversity and climate change into business strategies and governance structures.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Fredrik N G, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the environmental sustainability strategies of listed firms in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Business Strategy and the Environment. - 1099-0836. ; 33:2, s. 462-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How macroeconomic crises affect firms' environmental sustainability strategies is an open question. We study the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the environmental sustainability strategies of firms listed on the OMXNasdaq stock exchange in Sweden. The analysis is based on a survey distributed twice, once during the summer of 2020 and once during the summer of 2021 with detailed questions related to the firms' environmental strategies. We find that most firms view the pandemic as an opportunity to strengthen their environmental strategies. However, we also find that the economic downturn caused most firms to redirect scarce resources away from environmental sustainability. We also find that firms which had adopted the Taskforce on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures were less likely to divert resources. These short-term results indicate that the pandemic will not enhance firms' environmental sustainability practices in the future.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Fredrik N G, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding, mapping and reporting of climate-related risks among listed firms in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 23:8, s. 945-958
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the mapping and reporting of climate-related risks among firms listed on the NasdaqOMX stock exchange in Stockholm in four goods-producing industries. Our study contains two parts: (i) a study of the firms’ external communication through their annual reports, sustainability reports and webpages, and (ii) a follow-up survey of the top management team. The survey contains quantitative questions and free text answers, which provide additional insights into the mapping and risk-handling of climate-related risks among the firms. We find that firms are likely to engage in some form of mapping and reporting of climate-related risks, but there are variations among the firms. Furthermore, the management of climate-related risks appears to be a residual issue for most firms with little active engagement from the management team or board of directors.
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| 10. |
- Arvidsson, Adam, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Descriptor-based microkinetic modelling for methanol-to-DME in zeotypes
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A descriptor-based approach to study the methanol-to-DME reaction in zeotypes from first-principles is herein used to investigate the different reaction mechanism by means of a mean-field microkinetic model. In this theoretical study we focus on Brønsted acidic zeotype catalysts. We demonstrate that the difference of OH stretch frequency for the bare site and when CO is adsorbed on the site is a good descriptor for the acidic strength of the site. Different types of zeotypes are herein studied; CHA, BEA and MFI zeolite frameworks, where besides the conventional Al exchange we also consider B, Ga and Fe exchanged structures, along with SAPO-34, Mg-AlPO-34, Zn-AlPO-34, and Ti-AlPO-34. These span a wide range of strength of the acidic sites. The top panel in the figure to the right shows the free energy landscape for the two main reaction mechanisms for BEA and B-BEA (which have quite different acidity). The concerted mechanism, where two methanol molecules adsorb simultaneously to form DME and water, is shown in lighter colours, and the stepwise mechanism, where one methanol dissociates to a methyl group, producing water, after which a second methanol molecule is adsorbed to form hydrogenated DME, which then easily dehydrogenates, is shown in the darker shades. The bottom panel in the figure shows the calculated turn-over frequency (TOF) for the two mechanisms as a function of temperature. This shows that the concerted mechanism is dominating at lower temperatures while the stepwise dominates at higher temperatures for both systems.
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