| 1. |
- Asa'ad, Farah, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Autoimmune conditions and epigenetic challenges in periodontitis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Translational Autoimmunity, Volume V- Challenges for Autoimmune Diseases. - : Elsevier. - 9780323853897 ; , s. 101-119
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Periodontal diseases are biofilm-induced pathological conditions that disrupt the periodontium homeostasis, affecting the gingival tissue, underlying alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and root cementum. Despite our current understanding of periodontal diseases and advances in periodontal therapy during the last 50 years, recent reports from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) indicated that nearly 50% of the United States’ population is affected by periodontal diseases. Host-derived factors are known to influence the onset and pathogenesis of periodontitis, including tooth-anatomical factors, tissue structural factors, and immune-regulatory mechanisms. This chapter discusses the current understanding of the role of the host immune response, primarily related to autoimmune disorders and epigenetic modifications, in periodontal diseases.
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| 4. |
- Asa'ad, Farah, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of MicroRNAs in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- 2020
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Ingår i: International journal of molecular sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067. ; 21:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this review was to evaluate the expression patterns of miRNAs in periodontal and peri-implant diseases, while identifying potential miRNAs with the greatest diagnostic ability as an oral fluid biomarker.Human and animal studies were included when evaluating expression of miRNAs between health and different forms/stages of diseases, in which microarray and/or real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out to detect fold changes in gene expression. After full-text analysis, 43 articles were considered for a qualitative assessment, and 16 miRNAs were selected to perform meta-analysis.Based on human studies, results showed an overall upregulation of most of the evaluated miRNAs in periodontitis, with miRNA-142-3p and miRNA-146a being the most conclusive on both microarray and RT-PCR values and potentially serving as diagnostic biomarkers for disease activity. Conversely, miR-155 was the only miRNA revealing a statistically significant difference (SSD) (p < 0.05*) in experimental periodontitis models from RT-PCR values. Scarce scientific evidence is available from peri-implant diseases, however, most explored miRNAs in peri-implantitis were downregulated except for miR-145.Although our results revealed that a distinct differential expression of specific miRNAs can be noted between the state of health and disease, future research remains necessary to explore the functional role of specific miRNAs and their potential as therapeutic targets in periodontal and peri-implant diseases. MeSH Terms: periodontitis, peri-implantitis, epigenomics, microarray analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, microRNAs.Scientific background: Although most research identified different expression levels of miRNAs in periodontal and peri-implant diseases compared to their counterparts, their actual role in the pathogenesis of these conditions remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to present a systematic review and meta-analysis on the expression patterns of miRNAs in periodontitis and peri-implantitis, while identifying potential miRNAs with the greatest diagnostic ability as an oral fluid biomarker.In periodontitis-related studies, miRNA-142-3p and miRNA-146a were the most conclusive on both microarray and RT-PCR values. Scarce scientific evidence is available from peri-implant diseases.Both miRNA-142-3p and miRNA-146a might serve as future diagnostic biomarkers for disease activity in periodontitis. Yet, future research remains necessary to explore the functional role of specific miRNAs and their potential as therapeutic targets in periodontal and peri-implant diseases.
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| 5. |
- Asa'ad, Farah, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and Epigenetic Susceptibility of Peri-Implantitis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Unfolding Peri-implantitis: Diagnosis, Prevention. - Spain : Quintessence. - 9788489873896
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peri-implantitis is a destructive disease of implant-supporting tissues induced by bacterial biofilm, which provokes an inflammatory host response, influenced by environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Genetics is the science that deals with genes, heredity, and the variations that occur in our genes and DNA, while epigenetics refers to alterations in the gene expression that are not encoded in the DNA sequence, which result in the remodeling of the chromatin and activation or inactivation of a gene. There are three major epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs. The relationship between genetics, epigenetics, and peri-implantitis has been the subject of interest in the recent years; therefore, we aim in this chapter to present the state of the art on the role of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in peri-implantitis.
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| 6. |
- Asa'ad, Farah, 1983
(författare)
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Medical Emergencies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Periodontics: The Complete Summary. - USA : Quintessence Publishing. - 9780867159608
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Medical emergencies may arise in dental practices at any time prior to treatment, during treatment, or after the patient has received treatment. If dental care providers are not prepared on how to manage these conditions on site, they might find themselves in a critical situation. In this chapter, the most common medical emergencies that may be encountered are presented with a focus on their causes, signs and symptoms, and successful management.
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| 7. |
- Asa'ad, Farah, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Polymorphism in epigenetic regulating genes in relation to periodontitis, number of teeth, and levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and glycated hemoglobin: The Tromsø Study 2015-2016.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 94:11, s. 1324-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between periodontitis and four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in epigenetic regulation of DNA, and between these same SNPs and tooth loss, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Methods: We included participants with periodontal examination (n = 3633, aged: 40-93 years) from the Tromsø Study seventh survey (2015-2016), Norway. Periodontitis was defined according to the 2017 AAP/EFP classification system as no periodontitis, grades A, B, or C. Salivary DNA was extracted and genotyping was performed to investigate four SNPs (rs2288349, rs35474715, rs34023346, and rs10010325) in the sequence of the genes DNMT1, IDH2, TET1, and TET2. Association between SNPs and periodontitis was analyzed by logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and smoking. Subgroup analyses on participants aged 40-49 years were performed. Results: In participants aged 40-49 years, homozygous carriage of minor A-allele of rs2288349 (DNMT1) was associated with decreased susceptibility to periodontitis (grade A: odds ratio [OR] 0.55; p = 0.014: grade B/C OR 0.48; p = 0.004). The minor A-allele of rs10010325 (TET2) was associated with increased susceptibility to periodontitis (grade A OR 1.69; p = 0.035: grade B/C OR 1.90; p = 0.014). In the entire sample, homozygous carriage of the G-allele of rs35474715 (IDH2) was associated with having ≤24 teeth (OR 1.31; p = 0.018). Homozygous carriage of the A-allele of TET2 was associated with hs-CRP≥3 mg/L (OR 1.37; p = 0.025) and HbA1c≥6.5% (OR 1.62; p = 0.028). Conclusions: In this Norwegian population, there were associations between polymorphism in genes related to DNA methylation and periodontitis, tooth loss, low-grade inflammation, and hyperglycemia.
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| 8. |
- Asa'ad, Farah, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Role of epigenetics in alveolar bone resorption and regeneration around periodontal and peri-implant tissues.
- 2019
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - : Wiley. - 1600-0722 .- 0909-8836. ; 127:6, s. 477-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are multifactorial diseases characterized by alveolar bone destruction mediated by the host response to a microbial challenge. Alveolar bone resorption mediated by epigenetics could be one of the mechanismsresponsible for this destruction of alveolar bone. The relationship between epigenetic modifications and bone metabolism has been thoroughly investigated in bone remodeling, cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis, but evidence is low regarding the relationship between epigenetic modifications and alveolar bone loss related to periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Therefore, we conducted a review of the pertinent literature based on a priori-formulated focused questions and ascreening strategy, in an attempt to comprehend the role of different epigenetic mechanisms in alveolar bone loss and to determine the current state with respect to their possible therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. The review showed that the roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in bone loss have been investigated. The results indicate that epigenetic mechanisms can participate in periodontal and peri-implant alveolar bone breakdown, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets in alveolar bone regeneration. However, there is still only preliminary information regarding the possible therapeutic utility of these epigenetic mechanisms, suggesting a need for basic and translational research to assess the potential of such mechanisms in promoting alveolar bone regeneration.
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| 9. |
- Asa'ad, Farah, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Scaffolds for periodontal tissue engineering
- 2019
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Ingår i: Handbook of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Volume One 1st Edition. - Cambridge, UK : Elsevier. - 9780081025642 ; , s. 479-496
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Asa'ad, Farah, 1983
(författare)
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Shared decision-making (SDM) in dentistry: A concise narrative review.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. - : Wiley. - 1365-2753 .- 1356-1294. ; 25:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this review was to evaluate the implementation of shared decision-making (SDM) in dentistry and the roles of informed consent and patient decision-making aids (PDAs) as part of this process.A review of pertinent literature was performed using PubMed and MEDLINE to determine the current position of the application of SDM in dentistry and the influence of informed consent and PDAs on this process.Limited number of published studies on the implementation of SDM in dental practice is available. These studies demonstrated that SDM is influenced by many factors. Informed consent intertwines with the SDM process and begins with providing high quality information to patients and employing PDAs. PDAs have been developed for some dental fields to facilitate the SDM process.SDM is applied in dentistry and is influenced by many factors. Informed consent is an important part of this process. PDAs in more dental fields need to be further developed, in order to ensure a satisfactory integration of patients in the SDM process.
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