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- Siripanthong, Bhurint, et al.
(författare)
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The Pathogenesis and Long-Term Consequences of COVID-19 Cardiac Injury
- 2022
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Ingår i: JACC: Basic to Translational Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2452-302X. ; 7:3P1, s. 294-308
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanisms of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)–related myocardial injury comprise both direct viral invasion and indirect (hypercoagulability and immune-mediated) cellular injuries. Some patients with COVID-19 cardiac involvement have poor clinical outcomes, with preliminary data suggesting long-term structural and functional changes. These include persistent myocardial fibrosis, edema, and intraventricular thrombi with embolic events, while functionally, the left ventricle is enlarged, with a reduced ejection fraction and new-onset arrhythmias reported in a number of patients. Myocarditis post-COVID-19 vaccination is rare but more common among young male patients. Larger studies, including prospective data from biobanks, will be useful in expanding these early findings and determining their validity.
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| 6. |
- Jun, B, et al.
(författare)
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Elovanoids are novel cell-specific lipid mediators necessary for neuroprotective signaling for photoreceptor cell integrity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1, s. 5279-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) is abundant in the retina and is enzymatically converted into pro-homeostatic docosanoids. The DHA- or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-derived 26 carbon fatty acid is a substrate of elongase ELOVL4, which is expressed in photoreceptor cells and generates very long chain (≥C28) polyunsaturated fatty acids including n-3 (VLC-PUFAs,n-3). While ELOVL4 mutations are linked to vision loss and neuronal dysfunctions, the roles of VLC-PUFAs remain unknown. Here we report a novel class of lipid mediators biosynthesized in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells that are oxygenated derivatives of VLC-PUFAs,n-3; we termed these mediators elovanoids (ELV). ELVs have structures reminiscent of docosanoids but with different physicochemical properties and alternatively-regulated biosynthetic pathways. The structures, stereochemistry, and bioactivity of ELVs were determined using synthetic materials produced by stereo-controlled chemical synthesis. ELVs enhance expression of pro-survival proteins in cells undergoing uncompensated oxidative stress. Our findings unveil a novel autocrine/paracrine pro-homeostatic RPE cell signaling that aims to sustain photoreceptor cell integrity and reveal potential therapeutic targets for retinal degenerations.
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| 7. |
- Levy, Sydney, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic mechanisms underlying arrhythmogenic mitral valve prolapse : Current and future perspectives
- 2023
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Ingår i: Heart Rhythm O2. - 2666-5018. ; 4:9, s. 581-591
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a heart valve disease that is often familial, affecting 2%–3% of the general population. MVP with or without mitral regurgitation can be associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Research on familial MVP has specifically focused on genetic factors, which may explain the heritable component of the disease estimated to be present in 20%–35%. Furthermore, the structural and electrophysiological substrates underlying SCD/ventricular arrhythmia risk in MVP have been studied postmortem and in the electrophysiology laboratory, respectively. Understanding how familial MVP and rhythm disorders are related may help patients with MVP by individualizing risk and working to develop effective management strategies. This contemporary, state-of-the-art, expert review focuses on genetic factors and familial components that underlie MVP and arrhythmia and encapsulates clinical, genetic, and electrophysiological issues that should be the objectives of future research.
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