| 1. |
- Ghaderi, Adnan, et al.
(author)
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Design challenges in hardware development of time-sensitive networking : A research plan
- 2019
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In: CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Volume 2457. - : CEUR-WS.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a set of ongoing projects within the IEEE standardization to guarantee timeliness and low-latency communication based on switched Ethernet for industrial applications. The huge demand is mainly coming from industries where intensive data transmission is required, such as in the modern vehicles where cameras, lidars and high-bandwidth modern sensors are connected. The TSN standards are evolving over time, hence the hardware needs to change depending upon the modifications. In addition, high performance hardware is required to obtain a full benefit from the standards. In this paper, we present a research plan for developing novel techniques to support a parameterized and modular hardware IP core of the multi-stage TSN switch fabric in VHSIC (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit) Hardware Description Language (VHDL), which can be deployed in any Field-Programmable-Gate-Array (FPGA) devices. We present the challenges on the way towards the mentioned goal.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Rabet, Iliar, et al.
(author)
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Demo Abstract : Towards Interoperability in a Hybrid TSN/6TiSCH Network
- 2023
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In: SenSys 2023 - Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensors Systems. - : Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. - 9798400704147 ; , s. 500-501
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a growing interest in increasing the flexibility and the mobility of industrial infrastructures to support novel industrial applications. To support this change, industrial networks must provide real-time guarantees while integrating a great variety of traffic over a cohesive network infrastructure. Specifically, there is special interest in the integration of wired and wireless communications in the industrial domain. We present a solution that integrates a Time-Sensitive Networking Ethernet network with a low-power 6TiSCH IoT network and discuss the implementation alternatives and their implications on delay and resource consumption. The main goal is to experimentally identify the research challenges and necessary enhancements for interoperability between constrained battery-driven wireless communication with the time sensitive wired networks.
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| 4. |
- Satka, Zenepe, et al.
(author)
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A comprehensive systematic review of integration of time sensitive networking and 5G communication
- 2023
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In: Journal of systems architecture. - : Elsevier. - 1383-7621 .- 1873-6165. ; 138
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many industrial real-time applications in various domains, e.g., automotive, industrial automation, industrial IoT, and industry 4.0, require ultra-low end-to-end network latency, often in the order of 10 milliseconds or less. The IEEE 802.1 time-sensitive networking (TSN) is a set of standards that supports the required low-latency wired communication with ultra-low jitter. The flexibility of such a wired connection can be increased if it is integrated with a mobile wireless network. The fifth generation of cellular networks (5G) is capable of supporting the required levels of network latency with the Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) service. To fully utilize the potential of these two technologies (TSN and 5G) in industrial applications, seamless integration of the TSN wired-based network with the 5G wireless-based network is needed. In this article, we provide a comprehensive and well-structured snapshot of the existing research on TSN-5G integration. In this regard, we present the planning, execution, and analysis results of the systematic review. We also identify the trends, technical characteristics, and potential gaps in the state of the art, thus highlighting future research directions in the integration of TSN and 5G communication technologies. We notice that 73% of the primary studies address the time synchronization in the integration of TSN and 5G technologies, introducing approaches with an accuracy starting from the levels of hundred nanoseconds to one microsecond. Majority of primary studies aim at optimizing communication latency in their approach, which is a key quality attribute in automotive and industrial automation applications today.
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| 5. |
- Satka, Zenepe, et al.
(author)
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Developing a Translation Technique for Converged TSN-5G Communication
- 2022
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In: IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems - Proceedings, WFCS. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665410861 ; , s. 103-110
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a set of IEEE standards based on switched Ethernet that aim at meeting high-bandwidth and low-latency requirements in wired communication. TSN implementations typically do not support integration of wireless networks, which limits their applicability to many industrial applications that need both wired and wire-less communication. The development of 5G and its promised Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) in-tegrated with TSN would offer a promising solution to meet the bandwidth, latency and reliability requirements in these industrial applications. In order to support such an integration, we propose a technique to translate the traffic between TSN and 5G communication technologies. As a proof of concept, we implement the translation technique in a well-known TSN simulator, namely NeSTiNg, that is based on the OMNeT ++ tool. Furthermore, we evaluate the proposed technique using an automotive industrial use case.
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| 6. |
- Satka, Zenepe, 1997-
(author)
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End-to-end QoS Mapping and Traffic Forwarding in Converged TSN-5G Networks
- 2023
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The advancement of technology has led to an increase in the demand for ultra-low end-to-end network latency in real-time applications with a target of below 10ms. The IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a set of standards that supports the required low-latency wired communication with ultra-low jitter for real-time applications. TSN is designed for fixed networks thus it misses the flexibility of wireless networks.To overcome this limitation and to increase its applicability in different applications, an integration of TSN with other wireless technologies is needed. The fifth generation of cellular networks (5G) supports real-time applications with its Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) service. 5G URLLC is designed to meet the stringent timing requirements of these applications, such as providing reliable communication with latencies as low as 1ms. Seamless integration of TSN and 5G is needed to fully utilize the potential of these technologies in contemporary and future industrial applications. However, to achieve the end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of a TSN-5G network, a significant effort is required due to the large dissimilarity between these technologies.This thesis presents a comprehensive and well-structured snapshot of the existing research on TSN-5G integration that identifies gaps in the current research and highlights the opportunities for further research in the area of TSN-5G integration. In particular, the thesis identifies that the state of the art lacks an end-to-end mapping of QoS requirements and traffic forwarding mechanisms for a converged TSN-5G network. This lack of knowledge and tool support hampers the utilisation of ground-breaking technologies like TSN and 5G. Hence, the thesis develops novel techniques to support the end-to-end QoS mapping and traffic forwarding of a converged TSN-5G network for predictable communication.Furthermore, the thesis presents a translation technique between TSN and 5G with a proof-of-concept implementation in a well-known TSN network simulator. Moreover, a novel QoS mapping algorithm is proposed to support the systematic mapping of QoS characteristics and integration of traffic flows in a converged TSN-5G network.
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| 7. |
- Satka, Zenepe, et al.
(author)
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QoS-MAN : A Novel QoS Mapping Algorithm for TSN-5G Flows
- 2022
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In: 2022 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMBEDDED AND REAL-TIME COMPUTING SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS (RTCSA 2022). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665453448 ; , s. 220-227
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Integrating wired Ethernet networks, such as Time-Sensitive Networks (TSN), to 5G cellular network requires a flow management technique to efficiently map TSN traffic to 5G Quality-of-Service (QoS) flows. The 3GPP Release 16 provides a set of predefined QoS characteristics, such as priority level, packet delay budget, and maximum data burst volume, which can be used for the 5G QoS flows. Within this context, mapping TSN traffic flows to 5G QoS flows in an integrated TSN-5G network is of paramount importance as the mapping can significantly impact on the end-to-end QoS in the integrated network. In this paper, we present a novel and efficient mapping algorithm to map different TSN traffic flows to 5G QoS flows. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first QoS-aware mapping algorithm based on the application constraints used to exchange flows between TSN and 5G network domains. We evaluate the proposed mapping algorithm on synthetic scenarios with random sets of constraints on deadline, jitter, bandwidth, and packet loss rate. The evaluation results show that the proposed mapping algorithm can fulfill over 90% of the applications' constraints.
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| 8. |
- Abdi, Somayeh, et al.
(author)
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Cognitive and Time Predictable Task Scheduling in Edge-cloud Federation
- 2022
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In: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665499965
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we present a hierarchical model for time predictable task scheduling in edge-cloud computing architecture for industrial cyber-physical systems. Regarding the scheduling problem, we also investigate the common problem-solving approaches and discuss our preliminary plan to realize the proposed architecture. Furthermore, an Integer linear programming (ILP) model is proposed for task scheduling problem in the cloud layer. The model considers timing and security requirements of applications and the objective is to minimize the financial cost of their execution.
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| 9. |
- Abdi, Somayeh, et al.
(author)
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Task Offloading in Edge-cloud Computing using a Q-Learning Algorithm
- 2024
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In: International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science, CLOSER - Proceedings. - : Science and Technology Publications, Lda. - 9789897587016 ; , s. 159-166
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Task offloading is a prominent problem in edge−cloud computing, as it aims to utilize the limited capacityof fog servers and cloud resources to satisfy the QoS requirements of tasks, such as meeting their deadlines.This paper formulates the task offloading problem as a nonlinear mathematical programming model to maximizethe number of independent IoT tasks that meet their deadlines and to minimize the deadline violationtime of tasks that cannot meet their deadlines. This paper proposes two Q-learning algorithms to solve theformulated problem. The performance of the proposed algorithms is experimentally evaluated with respect toseveral algorithms. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed Q-learning algorithms perform wellin meeting task deadlines and reducing the total deadline violation time.
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| 10. |
- Afshar, Sara Zargari, et al.
(author)
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Investigating Alternatives for System Architectures to Enhance Discrete Manufacturing
- 2019
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In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. - Sweden : SAGE Publications. - 1550-1329 .- 1550-1477. ; 15:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article investigates the possibility of advancing discrete manufacturing using system architectures that are developed for Collaborative Process Automation Systems. Collaborative Process Automation System is a technology that has the potential to achieve production excellence for process industry. However, not much attention has been paid on using the architectures based on Collaborative Process Automation Systems for discrete manufacturing domains. In this article, we propose a base architecture consisting of three layers, and we discuss various alternatives to make the communications among the layers. We consider legacy components in the proposal, in contrast to most of the related works. In order to show the practicality of the proposed alternatives, we present an example that has been implemented in an ongoing project at ABB Robotics in Sweden.
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