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| 2. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Drake, TM, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ global health. - : BMJ. - 2059-7908. ; 5:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings.MethodsA multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI).ResultsOf 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI.ConclusionThe odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.
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| 6. |
- Ergun, R. E., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of large-amplitude, parallel, electrostatic waves associated with magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause
- 2016
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 43:11, s. 5626-5634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale satellites of large-amplitude, parallel, electrostatic waves associated with magnetic reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause. The observed waves have parallel electric fields (E-||) with amplitudes on the order of 100mV/m and display nonlinear characteristics that suggest a possible net E-||. These waves are observed within the ion diffusion region and adjacent to (within several electron skin depths) the electron diffusion region. They are in or near the magnetosphere side current layer. Simulation results support that the strong electrostatic linear and nonlinear wave activities appear to be driven by a two stream instability, which is a consequence of mixing cold (<10eV) plasma in the magnetosphere with warm (similar to 100eV) plasma from the magnetosheath on a freshly reconnected magnetic field line. The frequent observation of these waves suggests that cold plasma is often present near the magnetopause.
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| 7. |
- Abdelaziz, Omar Y., et al.
(författare)
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Novel process technologies for conversion of carbon dioxide from industrial flue gas streams into methanol
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of CO2 Utilization. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-9820. ; 21, s. 52-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research aims to develop efficient process technologies that are capable of converting/utilising CO2 streams into energy-rich liquid products (fuels). This would result in better solutions with near-zero-carbon-emissions level. From an energetic and economic point of view, methanol synthesis from CO2 is a competitive alternate to methanol production from biomass. Our work considers the CO2 balance for the technologies proposed, taking into account all CO2 flows from/to the environment. Flue gas CO2 streams released from electric power stations, steel industry, petroleum industry, and cement industry are good candidates for the developed technologies. Three new processes are developed and modelled for converting CO2 streams into liquid methanol. The total cost of equipment and utility for all process scenarios are evaluated and compared. The energy targets as well as the CO2 emissions (balance) are determined. Heat integration is performed on the best selected process technology. The case study employed for the present work is a power station plant burning natural gas for electricity production with a capacity of 112 MW, releasing 328 t/h flue gases to the atmosphere, of which CO2 gas accounts for 14%; hydrogen required for CO2 conversion comes from the chlor-alkali industry. The optimum process technology reached in this contribution results in methanol production of 0.625 t-per-tonne of CO2 waste gas supply, leading to an annual production of 222,507 tons methanol with a profit of 56.55 M$/y. Thus, the CO2 release to the environment is cut by about 62%.
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| 8. |
- Ashour, Radwa M., et al.
(författare)
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Selective separation of rare earth ions from aqueous solution using functionalized magnetite nanoparticles : kinetic and thermodynamic studies
- 2017
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 327, s. 286-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Separation of rare earth ions (RE3+) from aqueous solution is a tricky problem due to their physico-chemical similarities of properties. In this study, we investigate the influence of the functionalized ligands on the adsorption efficiency and selective adsorption of La3+, Nd3+, Gd3+ and Y3+ from aqueous solution using Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with citric acid (CA@Fe3O4 NPs) or L-cysteine (Cys@Fe3O4 NPs). The microstructure, thermal behavior and surface functionalization of the synthesized nanoparticles were studied. The general adsorption capacity of Cys@Fe3O4 NPs was found to be high (98 mg g−1) in comparison to CA@Fe3O4 NPs (52 mg g−1) at neutral pH 7.0. The adsorption kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption of RE3+ ions follows a pseudo second-order model and the adsorption equilibrium data fits well to the Langmuir isotherm. Thermodynamic studies imply that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. Controlled desorption within 30 min of the adsorbed RE3+ ions from both Cys@Fe3O4 NPs and CA@Fe3O4 NPs was achieved with 0.5 M HNO3. Furthermore, Cys@Fe3O4 NPs exhibited a higher separation factor (SF) in the separation of Gd3+/La3+, Gd3+/Nd3+, Gd3+/Y3+ ions compared to CA@Fe3O4 NPs.
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| 9. |
- Kamel, Dina A., et al.
(författare)
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Temperature driving force (TDF) curves for heat exchanger network retrofit - A case study and implications
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442. ; 123, s. 283-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present contribution, concepts supporting a new analysis method to retrofit heat exchanger networks (HENs) are presented. The new graphical representation appears to be simple to use and needs no simulation tools or software packages to perform the retrofit calculations and is found valuable for conceptual applications. The temperature driving force new representation (TDF) is accordingly applied to an existing HEN in an Egyptian refinery to boost its energy efficiency and generate cost-effective opportunities. This refinery is the most recent unit installed in Egypt as it has been built in 1994. Since this refinery is very modern, its energy consumption exceeds the benchmark by only 21.5% which is relatively very low compared to its counterparts worldwide. The graphical revamping in application applied on the HEN shows savings of approximately 10.5% in the energy demand with minor structural modifications, achieving some 60% of the potential energy savings with respect to Pinch Analysis benchmarks. The modified preheat train only exceeds the benchmark by 8.8%. Implications and advantages of the new developed approach are also discussed, highlighting the merits of the proposed method.
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| 10. |
- Abdel-Khalek, Ahmed A., et al.
(författare)
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Chemical Studies on Uranium Extraction from Concentrated Phosphoric Acid by Using PC88A and DBBP Mixture.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. - : Springer. - 0236-5731 .- 1588-2780. ; 290, s. 353-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liquid–liquid extraction of U (VI) from concentrated phosphoric acid by using (2-ethyl hexyl) phosphonic acid, mono (2-ethyl hexyl) ester (PC88A) and di-butyl butyl phosphonate (DBBP) has been investigated. The effect of different factors affecting the extraction process (PC88A concentration, DBBP concentration, shaking time, aqueous/organic phase ratio, phosphoric acid concentration and effect of diluents) have been investigated. The obtained data of temperature on the extraction showed that the enthalpy change is −17.15 kJ mol−1. Uranium was extracted from the strip liquor by using di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and tri-octyl phosphine oxide mixture and finally converted to a high purity UO3 product using precipitation with hydrogen peroxide and heat treatment at 365 °C.
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