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- Rahman, Md. Tanvir, et al.
(författare)
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Zoonotic Diseases : Etiology, Impact, and Control
- 2020
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Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2607. ; 8:9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most humans are in contact with animals in a way or another. A zoonotic disease is a disease or infection that can be transmitted naturally from vertebrate animals to humans or from humans to vertebrate animals. More than 60% of human pathogens are zoonotic in origin. This includes a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, parasites, and other pathogens. Factors such as climate change, urbanization, animal migration and trade, travel and tourism, vector biology, anthropogenic factors, and natural factors have greatly influenced the emergence, re-emergence, distribution, and patterns of zoonoses. As time goes on, there are more emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases. In this review, we reviewed the etiology of major zoonotic diseases, their impact on human health, and control measures for better management. We also highlighted COVID-19, a newly emerging zoonotic disease of likely bat origin that has affected millions of humans along with devastating global consequences. The implementation of One Health measures is highly recommended for the effective prevention and control of possible zoonosis.
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| 2. |
- Shahid, Ahosanul H., et al.
(författare)
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Molecular detection of vancomycin and methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food processing environments
- 2021
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Ingår i: One Health. - : Elsevier. - 2352-7714. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Staphylococcus aureus is a well-known foodborne pathogen. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of S. aureus isolated from serving utensils in food processing environments in Mymensingh city, Bangladesh and to determine their antibiogram and resistance determinants. A total of 120 environmental samples were collected from different food settings. Isolation and identification were conducted using conventional biochemical tests. Molecular identification of isolates and detection of methicillin and vancomycin resistance were done using primer-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting Tuf, nuc, mecA, and mecC genes. Antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed, and resistance genes were also detected by amplifying blaTEM, vanA, vanB, and vanC genes. Among the 120 samples, 81 (67.5%) were positive for Staphylococcus spp. and 41 (50.62%) were positive for the nuc-gene. Among the 41 isolates, 5 (12.20%) were positive for mecA, but none were positive for the mecC gene. A total of 12.2% of the isolates were vanC-positive, of which 4 isolates (9.76%) were also positive for the mecA gene. Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that all S. aureus isolates (100%) from hotel samples were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol, 90.32% were sensitive to doxycycline, and 80.65% were sensitive to streptomycin. Conversely, all isolates (100%) were resistant to ampicillin, and 29.03% were resistant to vancomycin. All S. aureus isolates obtained from non-hotel samples were susceptible to chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, meropenem, and vancomycin; however, 40% of isolates were resistant to novobiocin. Among the hotel isolates, 29 (93.55%) of the ampicillin-resistant isolates harbored the blaTEM gene while 5 (55.55%) of the vancomycin-resistant isolates harbored the vanC gene. Four of the five vanC positive isolates were also positive for the mecA gene. The presence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) which is also vancomycin-resistant in food processing environments is a threat to public health. This is the first report on the molecular detection of methicillin and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus isolated from food processing environments in Bangladesh.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hassan, Mohammad Mahmudul, et al.
(författare)
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Residual antimicrobial agents in food originating from animals
- 2021
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Ingår i: Trends in Food Science & Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0924-2244 .- 1879-3053. ; 111, s. 141-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The agricultural food products industry in Bangladesh depends on utilizing antimicrobials indiscriminately as growth promoters and for controlling infectious diseases. Thus, there is always a risk of antimicrobial agent accumulation in food sources that originate from agricultural production.Methods: In the present study, we collected data from published articles between January, 2013 and December, 2019 on antimicrobial residues in human food sources such as meat, milk, eggs, and fishes.Results: Liver contained the highest percentage of antimicrobial residues (74%; 95% CI: 59.66?85.37) against the in vitro enteric pathogen Escherichia coli in layer chickens. Similar results were demonstrated in liver (68%; 95% CI: 53.30?80.48) and kidney (66%, 95% CI: 51.23?78.79) of layer chickens against Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. Amongst all antibiotics, the highest concentrations of ciprofloxacin were detected in kidney (48.57%; 95% CI: 31.38?66.01), followed by liver (47.56; 95% CI: 40.88?54.30) of broiler chickens. Ciprofloxacin was also present in liver (46.15%; 95% CI: 33.70?58.96) of layer chickens. The percentage of ciprofloxacin in thigh and breast meat in broiler bird were 41.54% (95% CI: 34.54?48.79) and 37.95% (95% CI: 31.11?45.15) respectively. Enrofloxacin was the second most dominant antimicrobial agent and was present in the liver of both types of poultry (Broiler and Layer chickens: 41.54%; 95% CI: 29.44?54.4 and 437.33%; 95% CI: 30.99?44.01). The prevalence rates of enrofloxacin in thigh and breast meat of broiler chickens were 24.10% (95% CI: 18.28?30.73) and 20.51% (95% CI: 15.08?26.87), respectively. Tetracycline, a commonly used antibiotic in livestock, was present in the liver (49.23%; 95% CI: 36.60?61.93) of layer chickens. In case of aquaculture food products, the highest amount of amoxicillin (683.2 mg/kg) was detected in Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus), followed by 584.4 mg/kg in climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) and 555.6 mg/kg in Rui fish (Labeo rohita). Among the five types of fishes, Rui fish (0.000515 mg/kg) contained the highest concentrations of chloramphenicol antibiotic residues.Conclusions: The presence of antimicrobial residues in meat, milk, egg, and fish is a serious public health threat due to the potential induction of antimicrobial resistance. It can negatively impact the food supply chain, especially with the current strain that it is already facing with the current COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of the present study highlight the ongoing risk of residual antimicrobial agents in food of animal origin in Bangladesh and countries with similar practices. This can draw the attention of public health officials to propose plans to mitigate or stop this practice.
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| 5. |
- Islam, Mohammed Alimul, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Multiplex RT-PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 21:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The goal of the study was to develop a specific, sensitive, and cost-effective molecular RT-PCR diagnostic assay for the rapid and simultaneous detection of the serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) from sera of suspected febrile patients. A single-tube, single-step multiplex RT-PCR (mRT-PCR) assay was designed for the detection of viral genomes from clinical and field samples. Specificity and sensitivity of the mRT-PCR assay were evaluated against six different combinations using two reverse transcriptases (AMV-RT and RT-Ace) and three DNA polymerases (LA-Taq, rTaq, and Tth). Among the six combinations, the AMV-RT and LA-Taq combination was more specific and sensitive than other enzyme combinations for detecting viral genomes of DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4 (p < 0.01), and for detecting viral genomes of CHIKV (p < 0.05). The detection limits of the mRT-PCR were 10 focus forming units (FFU) for CHIKV and 1 FFU, 20 FFU, 0.1 FFU, and 10 FFU for DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4, respectively. The primers used for the mRT-PCR did not show any cross-reactivity among the serotypes of DENV or CHIKV. Specificity and sensitivity of the newly developed mRT-PCR were validated using serum samples collected from febrile patients during dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh. The sensitivity for serotype detection of DENV and CHIKV was superior to the virus isolation method and the antigen detection method using the Dengue NS1-Ag assay. This novel mRT-PCR method can be used for molecular epidemiological surveillance of DENV and CHIKV in epidemic and endemic countries.
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| 6. |
- Rahimi, Parastoo, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food production and animal health
- 2022
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Ingår i: Trends in Food Science & Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0924-2244 .- 1879-3053. ; 121, s. 105-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Severe acute respiratory coronavirus syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in Wuhan, China and spread to other countries and continents causing a variety of respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms which led to death in severe cases.Scope and approach: In this review, we discuss and analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on animal production systems and food production of meat, dairy, eggs, and processed food, in addition to assessing the impact of the pandemic on animal healthcare systems, animal healthcare quality, animal welfare, food chain sustainability, and the global economy. We also provide effective recommendations to animal producers, veterinary healthcare professionals, workers in animal products industries, and governments to alleviate the effects of the pandemic on livestock farming and production systems.Key findings and conclusions: Port restrictions, border restrictions, curfews, and social distancing limitations led to reduced quality, productivity, and competitiveness of key productive sectors. The restrictions have hit the livestock sector hard by disrupting the animal feed supply chain, reducing animal farming services, limiting animal health services including delays in diagnosis and treatment of diseases, limiting access to markets and consumers, and reducing labor-force participation. The inhumane culling of animals jeopardized animal welfare. Egg smashing, milk dumping, and other animal product disruptions negatively impacted food production, consumption, and access to food originating from animals. In summary, COVID-19 triggered lockdowns and limitations on local and international trade have taken their toll on food production, animal production, and animal health and welfare. COVID-19 reverberations could exacerbate food insecurity, hunger, and global poverty. The effects could be massive on the most vulnerable populations and the poorest nations.
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