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- Asplund, Annika, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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One Standardized Differentiation Procedure Robustly Generates Homogenous Hepatocyte Cultures Displaying Metabolic Diversity from a Large Panel of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
- 2016
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Ingår i: Stem Cell Reviews and Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1550-8943 .- 1558-6804. ; 12:1, s. 90-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human hepatocytes display substantial functional inter-individual variation regarding drug metabolizing functions. In order to investigate if this diversity is mirrored in hepatocytes derived from different human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines, we evaluated 25 hPSC lines originating from 24 different donors for hepatic differentiation and functionality. Homogenous hepatocyte cultures could be derived from all hPSC lines using one standardized differentiation procedure. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of a standardized hepatic differentiation procedure that is generally applicable across a large panel of hPSC lines without any adaptations to individual lines. Importantly, with regard to functional aspects, such as Cytochrome P450 activities, we observed that hepatocytes derived from different hPSC lines displayed inter-individual variation characteristic for primary hepatocytes obtained from different donors, while these activities were highly reproducible between repeated experiments using the same line. Taken together, these data demonstrate the emerging possibility to compile panels of hPSC-derived hepatocytes of particular phenotypes/genotypes relevant for drug metabolism and toxicity studies. Moreover, these findings are of significance for applications within the regenerative medicine field, since our stringent differentiation procedure allows the derivation of homogenous hepatocyte cultures from multiple donors which is a prerequisite for the realization of future personalized stem cell based therapies.
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| 3. |
- Aspegren Kendall, Sally, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of a session of exercise of moderate intensity level on pressure pain thresholds in healthy women
- 2003
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Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 5:1, s. 15-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this investigation was to study in healthy women the effect of a moderately intensive physical exercise session on the pressure pain thresholds of tendon, bone and muscle. Twenty-four healthy women in the 7-14th day of the menstruation cycle took part in a 60-min exercise class. Pressure pain thresholds were measured by electronic algometer at four points before and after the class. Habitual exercise habits and perceived class exercise intensity were recorded. There was no change in pressure pain sensitivity at any site. Increased pressure pain thresholds tended to be linked to older age and later day in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. In conclusion, a single session of moderate exercise in an exercise setting outside the healthcare system or the laboratory did not increase pressure pain thresholds at group level in healthy women.
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| 4. |
- Bernstad, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Door-stepping as a strategy for improved food waste recycling behaviour Evaluation of a full-scale experiment
- 2013
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation & Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449. ; 73, s. 94-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparisons were made between two groups of households in a multi-family residential area in order to investigate how oral information through a door-stepping campaign can influence household food waste recycling behaviour from a quantitative as well as qualitative perspective. Source-separation behaviour was assessed both through weakly weighting of all source-separated food waste and dry recyclables as well as residual waste generated over a period of 104 weeks, as well as repeated waste composition analyses. Introduction of source-separation of food waste for biogas production significantly decreased the generation of residual waste in the whole case-study area. An average generation of 0.72 and 0.71 kg, household(-1), week(-1) of separately collected food waste was found amongst households receiving and not contacted through the door-stepping campaign respectively. The difference between the groups was not statistically significant. Four waste composition analyses show that the average source-separation ratio of food waste was higher and the ratio of incorrectly sorter material lower in the food waste fraction amongst households where oral information had been provided. A decrease over time in the source-separation ratio of food waste amongst households receiving oral information suggests a low durability of the door-stepping campaign. No signs were seen of increased source-separation ratio or decreased ratio of incorrectly sorted material amongst dry recyclables. The study supports previous findings pointing at accessibility as a key factor for increased recycling behaviour. However, results also suggest that such systems must address convenience also in the household interior. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Graven-Nilsen, T, et al.
(författare)
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Ketamine reduces muscle pain, temporal summation, and referred pain in fibromyalgia patients
- 2000
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Ingår i: Pain. - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 85:3, s. 483-491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Central mechanisms related to referred muscle pain and temporal summation of muscular nociceptive activity are facilitated in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) patients. The present study assessed the effects of an NMDA-antagonist (ketamine) on these central mechanisms. FMS patients received either i.v. placebo or ketamine (0.3 mg/kg, Ketalar(«)) given over 30 min on two separate occasions. Habitual pain intensity was assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Initially, 29 FMS patients received ketamine or isotonic saline to determine which patients were ketamine responders (>50% decrease in pain intensity at rest by active drug on two consecutive VAS assessments). Fifteen out of 17 ketamine-responders were included in the second part of the study. Before and after ketamine or placebo, experimental local and referred pain was induced by intramuscular (i.m.) infusion of hypertonic saline (0.7 ml, 5%) into the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. The saline-induced pain intensity was assessed on an electronic VAS, and the distribution of pain drawn by the subject. In addition, the pain threshold (PT) to i.m. electrical stimulation was determined for single stimulus and five repeated (2 Hz, temporal summation) stimuli. The pressure PT of the TA muscle was determined, and the pressure PT and pressure pain tolerance threshold were determined at three bilaterally located tenderpoints (knee, epicondyle, and mid upper trapezius). VAS scores of pain at rest were progressively reduced during ketamine infusion compared with placebo infusion. Pain intensity (area under the VAS curve) to the post-drug infusion of hypertonic saline was reduced by ketamine (-18.4▒0.3% of pre-drug VAS area) compared with placebo (29.9▒18.8%, P<0.02). Local and referred pain areas were reduced by ketamine (-12.0▒14.6% of pre-drug pain areas) compared with placebo (126.3▒83.2%, P<0.03). Ketamine had no significant effect on the PT to single i.m. electrical stimulation. However, the span between the PT to single and repeated i.m. stimuli was significantly decreased by the ketamine (-42.3▒15.0% of pre-drug PT) compared with placebo (50.5▒49.2%, P<0.03) indicating a predominant effect on temporal summation. Mean pressure pain tolerance from the three paired tenderpoints was increased by ketamine (16.6▒6.2% of pre-drug thresholds) compared with placebo (-2.3▒4.9%, P<0.009). The pressure PT at the TA muscle was increased after ketamine (42.4▒9.2% of pre-drug PT) compared with placebo (7.0▒6.6%, P<0.011). The present study showed that mechanisms involved in referred pain, temporal summation, muscular hyperalgesia, and muscle pain at rest were attenuated by the NMDA-antagonist in FMS patients. It suggested a link between central hyperexcitability and the mechanisms for facilitated referred pain and temporal summation in a sub-group of the fibromyalgia syndrome patients. Whether this is specific for FMS patients or a general phenomena in painful musculoskeletal disorders is not known. Copyright (C) 2000 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
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| 6. |
- Löfqvist, Chatarina, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification and localization of the IGF/insulin system expression in retinal blood vessels and neurons during oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice
- 2009
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Ingår i: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. - 1552-5783. ; 50:4, s. 1831-1837
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Retinopathy is a result of pathologic angiogenesis influenced by insulinlike growth factor (IGF)-1. The authors examined the local expression of the IGF/insulin family. METHODS: In retinas with and without oxygen-induced retinopathy, the authors assessed with real-time RT-PCR mRNA expression of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor (IR), IGF-1, IGF-2, insulin (Ins2), and IGF-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) to IGFBP6 in total retina from postnatal day (P) 7 to P33 to examine changes over time with the induction of retinopathy and at P17 on laser-captured retinal components to quantitatively localize mRNA expression in the ganglion cell layer, the outer nuclear layer, the inner nuclear layer, normal blood vessels, and neovascular tufts. RESULTS: IGF-1R and IR are expressed predominantly in photoreceptors and in vessels, with scant expression in the rest of the neural retina. IGF-1R expression is more than 100-fold greater than IR. The major local growth factor (expressed in photoreceptors and in blood vessels) is IGF-2 (approximately 1000-fold greater than IGF-1). IGF-1 (approximately 600 copies/10(6) cyclophilin) is expressed throughout the retina. IGFBP2, IGFBP4, and IGFBP5 expression is unchanged with increasing retinal development and with the induction of retinopathy. In contrast, IGFBP3 expression increased more than 5-fold with hypoxia, found in neovascular tufts. CONCLUSIONS: IGF-1R, IR, and the ligand IGF-2 are expressed almost exclusively in photoreceptors and blood vessels. IGFBP3 and IGFBP5 expression increases in neovascular tufts compared with normal vessels. IGF-1 is expressed throughout the retina at much lower levels. These results suggest cross-talk between vessels and photoreceptors in the development of retinopathy and retinal vasculature.
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| 8. |
- Skyrman, S, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying clot composition using intravascular diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in a porcine model of endovascular thrombectomy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of neurointerventional surgery. - : BMJ. - 1759-8486 .- 1759-8478. ; 14:3, s. 304-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endovascular thrombectomy has revolutionized the management of acute ischemic stroke and proven superior to stand-alone intravenous thrombolysis for large vessel occlusions. However, failed or delayed revascularization may occur as a result of a mismatch between removal technique and clot composition. Determination of clot composition before thrombectomy provides the possibility to adapt the technique to improve clot removal efficacy. We evaluated the application of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) for intravascular determination of clot composition in vivo.MethodsThree clot types, enriched in red blood cells or fibrin or with a mixed content, were prepared from porcine blood and injected into the external carotids of a domestic pig. A guidewire-like DRS probe was used to investigate the optical spectra of clots, blood and vessel wall. Measurement positions were confirmed with angiography. Spectra were analyzed by fitting an optical model to derive physiological parameters. To evaluate the method’s accuracy, photon scattering and blood and methemoglobin contents were included in a decision tree model and a random forest classification.ResultsDRS could differentiate between the three different clot types, blood and vessel wall in vivo (p<0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity for detection was 73.8% and 98.8% for red blood cell clots, 80.6% and 97.8% for fibrin clots, and 100% and 100% for mixed clots, respectively.ConclusionIntravascular DRS applied via a custom guidewire can be used for reliable determination of clot composition in vivo. This novel approach has the potential to increase efficacy of thrombectomy procedures in ischemic stroke.
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