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- Anderson, Pia
(författare)
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Textuell makt : Fem gymnasieelever läser och skriver i svenska och samhällskunskap
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to study how five students linguistically express textual power in conversation and writing about reading, as well as to investigate their possibilities to linguistically express textual power. The study was performed within some of the literacy practices in the subjects of Swedish and Social Studies at the social sciences programme in upper secondary school. “Textual power” is here defined as both ability and possibility: to position oneself in relation to the text, to read/interpret critically and to show mobility in the actual literacy sphere. Two analytical tools were used: Langer’s theories about envisionment building and Martin & White’s appraisal framework for attitude and engagement. The linguistic expressions are contextualised in a model inspired by Linell. I base my discussion of the students’ mobility in the actual literacy sphere on the New Literacy theories of Barton and Street, while Anward gives the means to understand text-reproducing practices. The results indicate that the students used a limited range of positions in relation to texts, rarely expressed critical literacy and showed limited mobility in the actual literacy spheres. The students’ possibilities to linguistically express textual power were determined by the design of the teaching contexts. The students were given few possibilities to develop their ability to linguistically express textual power. To compensate for this, the students used a strategy of task solving. This caused a gap between ideally desired and actually produced text. The acceptance of the gap can be explained if the practice is considered text-reproducing. The literacy sphere where the students found themselves seems to consist of an ecological system based on a consensus-driven text-reproducing practice where critical and comparative reading and writing do not take root and thrive.
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| 2. |
- Asplund, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Soil Peroxidase-Mediated Chlorination of Fulvic Acid
- 1991
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Ingår i: Humic substances in the aquatic and terrestrial environment : proceedings of an international symposium, Linköping, Sweden, August 21-23, 1989. - Berlin Heidelberg New York : Springer. - 3540537023 ; , s. 474-483
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humic matter has recently been shown to contain considerable quantities of naturally produced organohalogens. The present study investigated the possibility of a non-specific, enzymatically mediated halogenation of organic matter in soil. The results showed that, in the presence of chloride and hydrogen peroxide, the enzyme chloroperox1dase (CPO) from the fungus Caldariomyces fumago catalyzes chlorination of fulvic acid. At pH 2.5 - 6.0, the chlorine to fulvic acid ratio in the tested sample was elevated from 12 mg/g to approximately 40-50 mg/g. It was also shown that this reaction can take place at chloride and hydrogen peroxide concentrations found in the environment. An extract from spruce forest soil was shown to have a measurable chlorinating capacity. The activity of an extract of 0.5 kg soil corresponded to approximately 0.3 enzyme units, measured as CPO activity. Enzymatically mediated halogenation of humic substances may be one of the mechanisms explaining the w1despread occurrence of adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) in soil and water.
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| 3. |
- Asplund, Teo
(författare)
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Precise Image-Based Measurements through Irregular Sampling
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mathematical morphology is a theory that is applicable broadly in signal processing, but in this thesis we focus mainly on image data. Fundamental concepts of morphology include the structuring element and the four operators: dilation, erosion, closing, and opening. One way of thinking about the role of the structuring element is as a probe, which traverses the signal (e.g. the image) systematically and inspects how well it "fits" in a certain sense that depends on the operator.Although morphology is defined in the discrete as well as in the continuous domain, often only the discrete case is considered in practice. However, commonly digital images are a representation of continuous reality and thus it is of interest to maintain a correspondence between mathematical morphology operating in the discrete and in the continuous domain. Therefore, much of this thesis investigates how to better approximate continuous morphology in the discrete domain. We present a number of issues relating to this goal when applying morphology in the regular, discrete case, and show that allowing for irregularly sampled signals can improve this approximation, since moving to irregularly sampled signals frees us from constraints (namely those imposed by the sampling lattice) that harm the correspondence in the regular case. The thesis develops a framework for applying morphology in the irregular case, using a wide range of structuring elements, including non-flat structuring elements (or structuring functions) and adaptive morphology. This proposed framework is then shown to better approximate continuous morphology than its regular, discrete counterpart.Additionally, the thesis contains work dealing with regularly sampled images using regular, discrete morphology and weighting to improve results. However, these cases can be interpreted as specific instances of irregularly sampled signals, thus naturally connecting them to the overarching theme of irregular sampling, precise measurements, and mathematical morphology.
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| 5. |
- Claesson, Maria, 1971-
(författare)
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Women's hearts : ischaemic heart disease and stress management in women
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), caused by ischaemic heart disease (IHD), is a leading cause of death in both men and women in the western society. Hypertension, diabetes, and smoking are examples of well-known risk factors of IHD, but also there are psychosocial factors, such as stress, vital exhaustion (unusual fatigue, irritability, and demoralization) and depression that have been associated with an increased risk in both genders. After an AMI, however, women are more likely than men to be psychosocially impaired resulting in suffering and a presumed increase in the risk of recurrent cardiac events. Psychosocial factors may be targeted in secondary prevention, complementary to drug treatment and conventional lifestyle advice. There is some evidence of beneficial effects on both psychosocial well-being and cardiac outcomes by psychosocial interventions in men. Far fewer women have been studied and the results have been inconsistent. It is not clear how psychosocial factors convey the increased risk of cardiac events, but many possible psychopathological mechanisms, including biochemical and physiological links, have been suggested. In the Women’s Hearts study we have, in a randomised controlled trial, evaluated a one-year cognitive-behavioural stress management programme designed specifically for women with IHD. We included 198 women with IHD, with a mean age of 61 years and from the county of Västerbotten in Northern Sweden, who were randomised to either conventional treatment and follow-up, or to stress management in addition to conventional care. Extensive questionnaires, blood samplings, and biomedical and physiologic data were obtained before randomisation, as well as at follow-ups approximately one and two years after randomisation. Two groups of healthy controls were included for comparisons with women with IHD. Compared to women without IHD, women with IHD reported more stress behaviour and vital exhaustion. Women with IHD also had a lower heart rate variability (HRV) than the healthy controls, possibly reflecting a dysfunctional autonomic nervous regulation of the heart. Reduced HRV has been shown to increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. At the first follow-up, performed at the end of the one-year stress management programme, women who had participated in the programme had reduced the stress behaviour and vital exhaustion, compared to the women in the conventional care group. We could not find any evidence of a direct cause-effect relationship between stress management and biological cardiovascular risk indicators, or HRV; the intervention and control groups did not differ in insulin resistance, inflammatory, haemostatic and fibrinolytic factors, or HRV. At second follow-up one year later, several additional psychosocial domains were studied. The stress management programme had accelerated psychosocial recovery at the first follow-up over and above that observed in the control group. At the second follow-up, there was further marked improvement in the control group, so the differences in psychosocial variables between the intervention and control groups were no longer significant. In conclusion, a cognitive-behavioural stress management programme could accelerate psychosocial improvement in women with IHD, and thus reduce the amount of psychological and psychosocial suffering. We could not find any evidence that the stress management programme was associated with a concomitant improvement in biological cardiovascular risk indicators, or HRV. Our results suggest that the women with the greatest psychosocial burden should be identified and targeted in new clinical trials of cognitive-behavioural interventions in women with IHD. Future studies within the Women’s Hearts project will evaluate the psychosocial effects at a five-year follow-up, as well as investigations of other possible pathways by which psychosocial interventions might mediate beneficial effects on cardiac events.
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| 8. |
- Halldén, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Omsorgsbegreppet i förskolan : Olika infallsvinklar på ett begrepp och dess relation till en verksamhet. Rapport från nätverk för barnomsorgsforskning, Göteborg 20-21 novemberg 2000
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport innehåller texter som presenterats vid en konferens arrangerad inom ramen för Nätverk för barnomsorgsforskningi . Syftet med konferensen var att lyfta upp begreppet omsorg, diskutera dess innebörd, rädda det från retorisk förflackning och samtidigt via dess koppling till verksamheter belysa ett vidare sammanhang. När bamforskning diskuteras har jag på senare tid funnit det väsentligt att peka på att den har en kapacitet att kasta ljus över centrala samhällsfrågor. Forskning om barn bör inte bara vara en forskning om en viss grupp i samhället. Den nyare bamdomsforskningen söker tillämpa ett bamperspektiv. Detta innebär att fenomen studeras såsom de framstår från barnens perspektiv och att inverkan av olika sociala reformer, politiska förändringar och produktion av varor på barns liv belyses. Det handlar alltså både om att söka efter barnens perspektiv och att söka efter konsekvenserna för barnen av olika samhälleliga förändringar. Nya fålt som t.ex. barndomshistoria, barndomssociologi och barndomsantropologi har uppstått och begreppet generation har införts för att markera vikten av att anlägga ett generationsperspektiv på frågor som vanligtvis grupperats på annat sätt.
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| 9. |
- Ljung, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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New and improved experimental oscillator strengths in ZrII and the solar abundance of zirconium
- 2006
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Ingår i: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 456:3, s. 167-1181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the Fourier Transform Spectrometer at Lund Observatory, intensity calibrated spectra of singly ionized zirconium have been recorded and analyzed. Oscillator strengths for 263 Zr II spectral lines in the region 2500-5400 angstrom have been derived by combining new experimental branching fractions with previously measured radiative lifetimes. The transitions combine 34 odd parity levels with 29 low metastable levels between 0 and 2.4 eV. The experimental branching fractions have been compared with theoretical values and the oscillator strengths with previously published data when available. The oscillator strengths have been employed to derive the solar photospheric Zr abundance based on both 1D and 3D model atmospheres. Based on the seven best and least perturbed Zr II lines in the solar disk-center spectrum, we determine the solar Zr abundance to log epsilon(Zr) = 2.58 +/- 0.02 when using a 3D hydrodynamical solar model atmosphere. The new value is in excellent agreement with the meteoritic Zr abundance.
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| 10. |
- Öberg (fd Asplund), Gunilla, 1961-
(författare)
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On the origin of organohalogens found in the environment
- 1992
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The natural production of halogenated organic compounds in the environment is often assumed to be negligible compared to the anthropogenic production of such compounds. A change in this general view is advocated in the present thesis.Amounts of halogenated organic compounds were measured by detennination of AOX (adsorbable organic halogen) or TOX (total organic halogen), and it was found that these compounds are more widespread than previously assumed. A national organohalogen budget was established by calculating chlorine-to-carbon ratios for different types of samples and then combining these values with studies of organic carbon pools in Sweden. The obtained budget showed that the major fraction of organohalogens is stored in soil and freshwater sediments (approx. 5000 x J03 and 2000 x J03 tonnes, respectively).It was also found that soil extracts obtained by using an enzyme extraction procedure were able to catalyze chlorination of organic compounds. The reaction did not proceed in the absence of hydrogen peroxide or after the soil extract had been heated; furthermore the catalyst had a molecular weight that was greater than 10,000, exhibited decreasing activity with time and rising temperature, and was inhibited by phloroglucinol, resorcinol, orcinol and ethanol. In all these respects the soil derived catalyst resembled a commercial chlorperoxidase. Based on these findings, it was concluded that a chloroperoxidase-like catalyst is present in soil. In this context it is also noteworthy that a net production of organohalogens ~as found in soil stored under controlled conditions.The soil-extract-catalyzed chlorination, the detected net production in soil, and the background concentration of organohalogens in surface water were all found to increase with decreasing pH. This implies that the natural production of halogenated organic compounds may increase with acidification of soil and surface water.
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