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- Atak, Kıvanç, 1983-
(författare)
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Encouraging coercive control: militarisation and classical crowd theory in Turkish protest policing
- 2015
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Ingår i: Policing & society. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1043-9463 .- 1477-2728. ; 27:7, s. 693-711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coercive character of protest policing is a tangible problem in Turkey. Since the resurgence of contentious politics from the late 1980s, major issues in protest policing have been officially recognised, and eventually addressed by public authorities with an agenda of reform. However, the excessive use of force by the police, even in the face of predominantly peaceful protests, lingered on well into the past decade, leaving behind dozens of dead citizens and thousands injured. In this article, I consult two main concepts, militarisation and police knowledge, to understand the institutional factors that underpin the repressive policing practices in Turkey. Among the different aspects of militarisation, I am particularly interested in the proliferation and adoption of less-lethal weapons in the strategies of protest control, while by police knowledge, I largely refer to the role of crowd theory in shaping the mind-set of the police and their behaviour on the street. Drawing on the theoretical debates in the literature and a variety of empirical sources, I argue that the growing reliance on less-lethal weapons, on the one hand, and police knowledge conditioned by classical crowd theory, on the other, encourage, if not propel, coercive styles of policing at public protests in Turkey.
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| 2. |
- Atak, Kivanc, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Popular uprisings in Turkey : Police culpability and constraints on dialogue-oriented policing in Gezi Park and beyond
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Criminology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609. ; 13:5, s. 610-625
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The policing of riots and uprisings poses severe challenges to the police. Yet the police are often culpable in the disturbances touched off by a precipitating incident of police violence or a crackdown on a peaceful protest. The Gezi Park uprisings in Turkey also broke out shortly after excessive force by the Istanbul police against a handful of peaceful activists in Taksim Square. In the aftermath of the mobilizations, however, a drift towards a ‘zero-tolerance’ approach has prevailed over protest control strategies. Drawing on field notes, interviews with activists, excerpts from the news media, protest event analysis and secondary literature, we argue that the chances of dialogue-oriented policing are hampered by two major predicaments in Turkey. The first pertains to the negative biases in police perceptions about protests and protesters that serve to justify and perpetuate a conflict-driven understanding of policing. The second is rooted in the institutional and policy realm and stems from the prevalence of a law-and-order approach to crowd control and public order.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Atak, Kıvanç, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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The Police
- 2015
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Ingår i: Breaking down the state: protestors engaged. - : Amsterdam University Press. - 9789089647597
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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