| 1. |
- Dosis, Ioannis, et al.
(författare)
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in marine sediment of Thermaikos Gulf, Greece
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0306-7319 .- 1029-0397. ; 91:12, s. 1151-1165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations were determined in marine sediment samples collected from 7 different locations around Thermaikos Gulf in north Greece. PBDEs were detected in all sampling sites and their average total concentration (Sigma PBDEs) ranged from 0.26 to 4.92 ng g(-1) d.w. Concentrations were an order of magnitude higher in locations outlining the inner part of the Gulf, which were also closer to industrial areas, sewage treatment plant discharges, the city's harbour and landfill area. These findings suggest pollution in the aquatic ecosystem from industrial and urban activities in the area. Congener profiles exhibit predominance of BDE-209, while concentrations of other PBDE congeners were usually lower, when compared to similar studies from other countries globally, indicating that Thermaikos Gulf is among the low-polluted areas. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among the higher polluted sampling stations. Statistically significant differences also existed between sampling stations with high and low PBDE concentrations. Correlations between congeners suggested local contamination sources; however, specific point sources of pollution were not established.
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| 2. |
- Dosis, Ioannis, et al.
(författare)
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in mussels from cultures and natural population
- 2016
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 107:1, s. 92-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mass fractions were determined in mussel samples collected from 6 locations around Thermaikos Gulf in north Greece. PBDEs were present in all sampling sites and the average total (2,PBDEs) ranged from 17.7 to 323 ng/g l.w., characterising Thermaikos as low polluted, a fact further supported by congener ratios and literature comparison. Distribution was even among stations with one exception. Congener profiles exhibited predominance of penta-/octa-BDEs as well as BDE-209. Statistical analysis showed significant difference in pollution levels between the two types of mussel cultures. No variations were observed for mussel bunch position or between cultures and natural population. Congener correlation analysis suggested different pollution sources between higher and lower brominated congeners as well as different metabolic/degradation processes. Bioaccumulation factors indicated that an increase in congener bromination degree leads to bioaccumulation capacity reduction. Consumption of mussels from Thermaikos gulf area poses no threat for public health concerning PBDEs.
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| 3. |
- Fängström, Britta, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in milk from Stockholm mothers, 1980-2004.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 52, s. 187-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental and human exposures to brominated flame retardants (BFR) have been of emerging concern since some BFR are persistent and bioaccumulative compounds. Among those, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) have frequently been reported in low to high ng/g concentrations in human blood around the world while hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) only occasionally has been reported and then in the low ppb concentrations in human blood. The present study concerns PBDE congener and HBCDD concentrations in human milk from Stockholm from 1980 to 2004. HBCDD concentrations has increased four to five times since 1980 until 2002 but seems to have stabilized at this concentration in the last years (2003/04). Similarly, BDE-153 has continued to increase at least to 2001, after which it has stabilized in the mother's milk. Other PBDE congeners with four to five bromine substituents peaked 5 years earlier (1995) and are all decreasing. DecaBDE (BDE-209) is not a suitable biomarker for time trend studies according to the present results, showing no changes over time. This is likely due to its short apparent half-life in humans and poor transfer from blood to milk.
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| 4. |
- Papazian, Stefano, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Nontarget mass spectrometry and in silico molecular characterization of air pollution from the Indian subcontinent
- 2022
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Ingår i: Communications Earth & Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-4435. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry and computational molecular characterization techniques can structurally annotate up to 17% of organic compounds in fine particulate matter in highly polluted air sampled in the Maldives. Fine particulate-matter is an important component of air pollution that impacts health and climate, and which delivers anthropogenic contaminants to remote global regions. The complex composition of organic molecules in atmospheric particulates is poorly constrained, but has important implications for understanding pollutant sources, climate-aerosol interactions, and health risks of air pollution exposure. Here, comprehensive nontarget high-resolution mass spectrometry was combined with in silico structural prediction to achieve greater molecular-level insight for fine particulate samples (n = 40) collected at a remote receptor site in the Maldives during January to April 2018. Spectral database matching identified 0.5% of 60,030 molecular features observed, while a conservative computational workflow enabled structural annotation of 17% of organic structures among the remaining molecular dark matter. Compared to clean air from the southern Indian Ocean, molecular structures from highly-polluted regions were dominated by organic nitrogen compounds, many with computed physicochemical properties of high toxicological and climate relevance. We conclude that combining nontarget analysis with computational mass spectrometry can advance molecular-level understanding of the sources and impacts of polluted air.
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| 5. |
- Yin, Ge, et al.
(författare)
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A refined method for analysis of 4,4 '-dicofol and 4,4 '-dichlorobenzophenone
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 24:15, s. 13307-13314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The acaricide, dicofol, is a well-known pesticide and partly a substitute for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Only few reports on environmental occurrence and concentrations have been reported calling for improvements. Hence, an analytical method was further developed for dicofol and dichlorobenzophenone (DCBP) to enable assessments of their environmental occurrence. Concentrated sulfuric acid was used to remove lipids and to separate dicofol from DCBP. On-column injection was used as an alternative to splitless injection to protect dicofol from thermal decomposition. By the method presented herein, it is possible to quantify dicofol and DCBP in the same samples. Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) were spiked at two dose levels and the recoveries were determined. The mean recovery for dicofol was 65% at the low dose (1 ng) and 77% at the high dose (10 ng). The mean recovery for DCBP was 99% at the low dose (9.2 ng) and 146% at the high dose (46 ng). The method may be further improved by use of another lipid removal method, e.g., gel permeation chromatography. The method implies a step forward in dicofol environmental assessments.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bergman, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Insamling och kemisk analys av miljöföroreningar i svensk modersmjölk - Resultat från 2008-2010 : Rapport till Naturvårdsverket – 2010-11-24
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projekten, såsom det först formulerades, avsåg insamling av mjölkprover från mödrar boende i Stockholm, Göteborg, Lund respektive Umeå. Redan första året visade det sig svårt att få in prover från samtliga platser varför provinsamlingen 2008 -2010 koncentrerades till Göteborg och Stockholm. Prover från dessa städer har levererats till Naturhistoriska riksmuseet för dokumentering, preparering och lagring. Såväl individuella prover som poolade sådana har analyserats med avsikt att särskilt studera prover från Göteborg på individuell basis. Proverna för 2008 inkluderade 10 individuella prover och fyra homogenat och för prover från 2009/2010, 19 individuella prover samt två homogenat. De kemiska ämnen som analyserades tillhör följande klasser av miljöföroreningar: organiska klorpesticider, polyklorerade bifenyler (PCB) samt polybromerade difenyletrar (PBDE). Antalet enskilda analyter har i första hand avgjorts av ämnenas förekomst i proverna, men de som rapporteras är ett drygt 20-tal ämnen (se nedan).Den i särklass viktigaste miljöföroreningen bland de som här studeras är 4,4’-DDE. Den förekommer i halter mellan 20 och 130 ng/g fett, 2008-2010 i Göteborg medan halten i homogenat från 2007 låg på ca. 185 ng/g fett. I Stockholmsmödrarnas mjölk från 2008 låg halten på 70-80 ng/g fett men 2009/2010 var halten uppe i ca. 150 ng/g fett. De senare värdena ligger i paritet med observerade halter 2003, 2004 och 2007. Variationen är sådan att det inte ter sig finnas någon trend i haltutvecklingen mellan åren. Inte heller någon geografisk trend tycks förekomma, men fördjupade analyser av dessa data krävs för att säkerställa de statistiska observationerna. Övriga klororganiska bekämpningsmedel, inkl. hexaklorbensen (HCB) förekommer i halter som är <10% av 4,4’-DDE. De dominerande PCB-kongenerna är CB-138, -153 och -180 men dessa förekommer i halter som är lägre än 50% av det som 4,4’-DDE förekommer i. Flertalet PCB-kongener förekommer i sub-10 ng/g fett-halter i modersmjölken oavsett ursprungsstad (Göteborg eller Stockholm).ΣPCB-halten ligger i nivå med koncentrationen av 4,4’-DDE. Koncentrationerna av polybromerade difenyletrar (PBDE) är låga. De enskilda PBDE-kongenerna har mestadels halter på under 1 ng/g fett. BDE-209 förekommer mycket sällan i kvantifierbar halt i modersmjölken. Av lägre bromerade difenyletrar dominerar fortfarande BDE-47.Utanför kontraktet tillförs här också data för halter och trender av polyfluorerade kemikalier i modersmjölk från Stockholm 1972 till 2008. De ämnen som analyserats i modersmjölken är perfluorooktansulfonat (PFOS), perfluorohexansulfonat (PFHS) samt perfluorooktansyra (PFOA). Resultaten redovisar entydigt ämnenas uppåtgående trend fram till omkring 2000 varefter koncentrationerna faller.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Thyroid disruption properties of three indoor dust chemicals tested in Silurana tropicalis tadpoles
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Toxicology. - : Wiley. - 0260-437X .- 1099-1263. ; 39:9, s. 1248-1256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor dust contains a multitude of industrial chemicals, and ingestion of dust is considered an important exposure route to organic contaminants. Some of these contaminants have been shown to interfere with the thyroid system, which may result in significant consequences on public health. The amphibian metamorphosis is a thyroid hormone-dependent process, which can be used as an in vivo model for studies on thyroid hormone-disrupting potency. Three contaminants of indoor dust were tested on metamorphosing Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis tadpoles. The tested chemicals were Tris (1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCiPP), tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) and propylparaben (PrP). Measurements reflecting general growth, development progress and thyroid epithelial cell height were performed on the exposed tadpoles as well as chemical analyses of the exposure water. It was shown that TDCiPP acts as a thyroid hormone-disrupting chemical in metamorphosing tadpoles by causing increased epithelial cell height in thyroid glands after exposure to a nominal concentration of 0.010 mg/L and in higher concentrations. TBBPA caused reductions in general growth of tadpoles at the nominal concentration 0.125 mg/L, and PrP caused acute toxicity at the nominal concentration 12.5 mg/L. However, no evident indications of specific thyroid-disrupting effects caused by TBBPA or PrP were observed.
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