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- Chang, E T, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol drinking and risk of localized versus advanced and sporadic versus familial prostate cancer in Sweden
- 2005
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Umea Univ, Dept Radiat Sci Oncol, Umea, Sweden. : SPRINGER. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 16:3, s. 275-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is unknown whether the association of alcohol consumption with prostate cancer risk varies between localized and advanced cases, or between sporadic and familial cases. Methods: We assessed recent alcohol drinking in a population-based case-control study of Swedish men, including 1499 cases and 1130 controls. Drinking status and average volume, frequency, and type of alcohol consumed were evaluated. Unconditional logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between alcohol consumption and prostate cancer risk. Results: Prostate cancer cases were more likely than controls to be current or former, rather than never, drinkers. However, there was no association between recent total alcohol, beer, wine, and liquor consumption and risk of overall prostate cancer, nor advanced, sporadic, or familial prostate cancer. The OR for risk of overall disease among men who drank more than 135 g of total alcohol per week versus non-drinkers was 1.2 (95% CI: 0.9, 1.5), p(trend)=0.12. There was a marginal positive association between alcohol intake and risk of localized disease. Conclusions: We detected no association between recent alcohol consumption and risk of advanced, sporadic, or familial prostate cancer, and a borderline positive association with localized disease.
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- Chang, E. T., et al.
(författare)
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Re : Zinc supplement use and risk of prostate cancer (multiple letters) [1]
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Umea Univ, Dept Radiat Sci Oncol, Umea, Sweden. : OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 96:14, s. 1108-1109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Dong, C. L., et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure and surface structure of Cu2S nanorods from polarization dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 151:1, s. 64-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highly aligned CuS nanorods have been studied by polarization dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In contrast to bulk Cu2S, strong s, p, and d hybridization is found in the nanorods. The polarization dependence shows a predominant d(z2) character of Cu 3d states. Ab initio multiple-scattering calculations confirm the strong hybridization, and reveal that CuS nanorods are grown along the z-axis of chalcocite structure with Cu-7 and Cu-10 sites being the main building blocks. The hybridized absorption peak in the nanorods is shifted towards lower energies for smaller diameter of nanorods, which is attributed to surface reconstruction due to strong Cu-Cu interactions on the Cu-rich surface of the nanorods.
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- Guo, J. H., et al.
(författare)
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X-ray emission spectroscopy of hydrogen bonding and electronic structure of liquid water
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 89:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use x-ray emission spectroscopy to examine the influence of the intermolecular interaction on the local electronic structure of liquid water. By comparing x-ray emission spectra of the water molecule and liquid water, we find a strong involvement of the a(1)-symmetry valence-orbital in the hydrogen bonding. The local electronic structure of water molecules, where one hydrogen bond is broken at the hydrogen site, is separately determined. Our results provide an illustration of the important potential of x-ray emission spectroscopy for elucidating basic features of liquids.
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- Hasson, H., et al.
(författare)
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To do or not to do - Balancing governance and professional autonomy to abandon low-value practices : A study protocol
- 2019
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Ingår i: Implementation Science. - : BioMed Central Ltd.. - 1748-5908. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Many interventions used in health care lack evidence of effectiveness and may be unnecessary or even cause harm, and should therefore be de-implemented. Lists of such ineffective, low-value practices are common, but these lists have little chance of leading to improvements without sufficient knowledge regarding how de-implementation can be governed and carried out. However, decisions regarding de-implementation are not only a matter of scientific evidence; the puzzle is far more complex with political, economic, and relational interests play a role. This project aims at exploring the governance of de-implementation of low-value practices from the perspectives of national and regional governments and senior management at provider organizations. Methods: Theories of complexity science and organizational alignment are used, and interviews are conducted with stakeholders involved in the governance of low-value practice de-implementation, including national and regional governments (focusing on two contrasting regions in Sweden) and senior management at provider organizations. In addition, an ongoing process for governing de-implementation in accordance with current recommendations is followed over an 18-month period to explore how governance is conducted in practice. A framework for the governance of de-implementation and policy suggestions will be developed to guide de-implementation governance. Discussion: This study contributes to knowledge about the governance of de-implementation of low-value care practices. The study provides rich empirical data from multiple system levels regarding how de-implementation of low-value practices is currently governed. The study also makes a theoretical contribution by applying the theories of complexity and organizational alignment, which may provide generalizable knowledge about the interplay between stakeholders across system levels and how and why certain factors influence the governance of de-implementation. The project employs a solution-oriented perspective by developing a framework for de-implementation of low-value practices and suggesting practical strategies to improve the governance of de-implementation. The framework and strategies can thereafter be evaluated for validity and impact in future studies.
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- Ingvarsson, S., et al.
(författare)
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Why do they do it? : A grounded theory study of the use of low-value care among primary health care physicians
- 2020
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Ingår i: Implementation Science. - : BioMed Central Ltd. - 1748-5908. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of low-value care (LVC) is widespread and has an impact on both the use of resources and the quality of care. However, few studies have thus far studied the factors influencing the use of LVC from the perspective of the practitioners themselves. The aim of this study is to understand why physicians within primary care use LVC. Methods: Six primary health care centers in the Stockholm Region were purposively selected. Focus group discussions were conducted with physicians (n = 31) working in the centers. The discussions were coded inductively using a grounded theory approach. Results: Three main reasons for performing LVC were identified. Uncertainty and disagreement about what not to do was related to being unaware of the LVC status of a practice, guidelines perceived as conflicting, guidelines perceived to be irrelevant for the target patient population, or a lack of trust in the guidelines. Perceived pressure from others concerned patient pressure, pressure from other physicians, or pressure from the health care system. A desire to do something for the patients was associated with the fact that the visit in itself prompts action, symptoms to relieve, or that patients' emotions need to be reassured. The three reasons are interdependent. Uncertainty and disagreement about what not to do have made it more difficult to handle the pressure from others and to refrain from doing something for the patients. The pressure from others and the desire to do something for the patients enhanced the uncertainty and disagreement about what not to do. Furthermore, the pressure from others influenced the desire to do something for the patients. Conclusions: Three reasons work together to explain primary care physicians’ use of LVC: uncertainty and disagreement about what not to do, perceived pressure from others, and the desire to do something for the patients. The reasons may, in turn, be influenced by the health care system, but the decision nevertheless seemed to be up to the individual physician. The findings suggest that the de-implementation of LVC needs to address the three reasons from a systems perspective.
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- Kashtanov, Stepan, et al.
(författare)
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Local structures of liquid water studied by x-ray emission spectroscopy
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 69:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The O Kalpha x-ray emission spectra of water clusters with different sizes and conformations embedded in a continuum medium are simulated. The calculations have successfully explained the experimental spectra of water in both gas and liquid phases. It is shown that the x-ray emission spectra are very sensitive to the local hydrogen bonding structures. Strong electron sharing between different water molecules is observed and its possible connection to the covalency of hydrogen bonding is discussed. The experimentally observed strong excitation energy dependence of the spectra has been interpreted in terms of the polarization and angular dependence for the gas phase, and in terms of variations of local hydrogen bonding structures for the liquid phase.
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