| 1. |
- Pepic, I., et al.
(författare)
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Early detection of sepsis using artificial intelligence : a scoping review protocol
- 2021
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Ingår i: Systematic Reviews. - : Springer Nature. - 2046-4053. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. To decrease the high case fatality rates and morbidity for sepsis and septic shock, there is a need to increase the accuracy of early detection of suspected sepsis in prehospital and emergency department settings. This may be achieved by developing risk prediction decision support systems based on artificial intelligence.Methods: The overall aim of this scoping review is to summarize the literature on existing methods for early detection of sepsis using artificial intelligence. The review will be performed using the framework formulated by Arksey and O’Malley and further developed by Levac and colleagues. To identify primary studies and reviews that are suitable to answer our research questions, a comprehensive literature collection will be compiled by searching several sources. Constrictions regarding time and language will have to be implemented. Therefore, only studies published between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2020 will be taken into consideration, and foreign language publications will not be considered, i.e., only papers with full text in English will be included. Databases/web search engines that will be used are PubMed, Web of Science Platform, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and ACM Digital Library. Furthermore, clinical studies that have completed patient recruitment and reported results found in the database ClinicalTrials.gov will be considered. The term artificial intelligence is viewed broadly, and a wide range of machine learning and mathematical models suitable as base for decision support will be evaluated. Two members of the team will test the framework on a sample of included studies to ensure that the coding framework is suitable and can be consistently applied. Analysis of collected data will provide a descriptive summary and thematic analysis. The reported results will convey knowledge about the state of current research and innovation for using artificial intelligence to detect sepsis in early phases of the medical care chain.Ethics and dissemination: The methodology used here is based on the use of publicly available information and does not need ethical approval. It aims at aiding further research towards digital solutions for disease detection and health innovation. Results will be extracted into a review report for submission to a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Results will be shared with relevant local and national authorities and disseminated in additional appropriate formats such as conferences, lectures, and press releases.
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| 2. |
- Axelson-Fisk, Marina, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Biased random walk in a one-dimensional percolation model
- 2009
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Ingår i: Stochastic processes and their Applications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4149. ; 119:10, s. 3395-3415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider random walk with a nonzero bias to the right, on the infinite cluster in the following percolation model: take i.i.d.\ bond percolation with retention parameter $p$ on the so-called infinite ladder, and condition on the event of having a bi-infinite path from $-\infty$ to $\infty$. The random walk is shown to be transient, and to have an asymptotic speed to the right which strictly positive or zero depending on whether the bias is below or above a certain critical value which we compute explicitly.
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| 3. |
- Axelson-Fisk, Marina, 1972
(författare)
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Comparative Gene Finding: Models, Algorithms and Implementation
- 2010
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Comparative genomics is an emerging field, which is being fed by an explosion in the number of possible biological sequences. This has led to an immense demand for faster, more efficient and more robust computer algorithms to analyze this large amount of data. This unique text/reference describes the state of the art in computational gene finding, with a particular focus on comparative approaches. Providing both an overview of the various methods that are applied in the field, and a concise guide on how computational gene finders are built, the book covers a broad range of topics from probability theory, statistics, information theory, optimization theory and numerical analysis. The text assumes the reader has some background in bioinformatics, especially in mathematics and mathematical statistics. A basic knowledge of analysis, probability theory and random processes would also aid the reader.
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| 4. |
- Axelson-Fisk, Marina, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Conditional percolation on one-dimensional lattices
- 2009
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Ingår i: Advances in Applied Probability. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0001-8678 .- 1475-6064. ; 41:4, s. 3395-3415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conditioning i.i.d.\ bond percolation with retention parameter $p$ on a one-dimensional periodic lattice on the event of having a bi-infinite path from $-\infty$ to $\infty$ is shown to make sense, and the resulting model exhibits a Markovian structure that facilitates its analysis. Stochastic monotonicity in $p$ turns out to fail in general for this model, but a weaker monotonicity property does hold: the average edge density is increasing in $p$.
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| 5. |
- Axelson-Fisk, Marina, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Gene finding in fungal genomes
- 2005
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Ingår i: Topics in Current Genetics: Comparative genomics using fungi as models. - 9783540314806 ; , s. 1-28
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Buongermino Pereira, Mariana, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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A comprehensive survey of integron-associated genes present in metagenomes
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIntegrons are genomic elements that mediate horizontal gene transfer by inserting and removing genetic material using site-specific recombination. Integrons are commonly found in bacterial genomes, where they maintain a large and diverse set of genes that plays an important role in adaptation and evolution. Previous studies have started to characterize the wide range of biological functions present in integrons. However, the efforts have so far mainly been limited to genomes from cultivable bacteria and amplicons generated by PCR, thus targeting only a small part of the total integron diversity. Metagenomic data, generated by direct sequencing of environmental and clinical samples, provides a more holistic and unbiased analysis of integron-associated genes. However, the fragmented nature of metagenomic data has previously made such analysis highly challenging.ResultsHere, we present a systematic survey of integron-associated genes in metagenomic data. The analysis was based on a newly developed computational method where integron-associated genes were identified by detecting their associated recombination sites. By processing contiguous sequences assembled from more than 10 terabases of metagenomic data, we were able to identify 13,397 unique integron-associated genes. Metagenomes from marine microbial communities had the highest occurrence of integron-associated genes with levels more than 100-fold higher than in the human microbiome. The identified genes had a large functional diversity spanning over several functional classes. Genes associated with defense mechanisms and mobility facilitators were most overrepresented and more than five times as common in integrons compared to other bacterial genes. As many as two thirds of the genes were found to encode proteins of unknown function. Less than 1% of the genes were associated with antibiotic resistance, of which several were novel, previously undescribed, resistance gene variants.ConclusionsOur results highlight the large functional diversity maintained by integrons present in unculturable bacteria and significantly expands the number of described integron-associated genes.
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| 7. |
- Buongermino Pereira, Mariana, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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HattCI: Fast and Accurate attC site Identification Using Hidden Markov Models
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Computational Biology. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1066-5277 .- 1557-8666. ; 23:11, s. 891-902
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Integrons are genetic elements that facilitate the horizontal gene transfer in bacteria and are known to harbor genes associated with antibiotic resistance. The gene mobility in the integrons is governed by the presence of attC sites, which are 55 to 141-nucleotide-long imperfect inverted repeats. Here we present HattCI, a new method for fast and accurate identification of attC sites in large DNA data sets. The method is based on a generalized hidden Markov model that describes each core component of an attC site individually. Using twofold cross-validation experiments on a manually curated reference data set of 231 attC sites from class 1 and 2 integrons, HattCI showed high sensitivities of up to 91.9% while maintaining satisfactory false-positive rates. When applied to a metagenomic data set of 35 microbial communities from different environments, HattCI found a substantially higher number of attC sites in the samples that are known to contain more horizontally transferred elements. HattCI will significantly increase the ability to identify attC sites and thus integron-mediated genes in genomic and metagenomic data. HattCI is implemented in C and is freely available at http://bioinformatics.math.chalmers.se/HattCI.
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| 8. |
- Imberg, Henrik, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal sampling in unbiased active learning
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Machine Learning Research. - 2640-3498. ; 108, s. 559-569
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A common belief in unbiased active learning is that, in order to capture the most informative instances, the sampling probabilities should be proportional to the uncertainty of the class labels. We argue that this produces suboptimal predictions and present sampling schemes for unbiased pool-based active learning that minimise the actual prediction error, and demonstrate a better predictive performance than competing methods on a number of benchmark datasets. In contrast, both probabilistic and deterministic uncertainty sampling performed worse than simple random sampling on some of the datasets.
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| 9. |
- Imberg, Henrik, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal subsampling designs
- 2023
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Subsampling is commonly used to overcome computational and economical bottlenecks in the analysis of finite populations and massive datasets. Existing methods are often limited in scope and use optimality criteria (e.g., A-optimality) with well-known deficiencies, such as lack of invariance to the measurement-scale of the data and parameterisation of the model. A unified theory of optimal subsampling design is still lacking. We present a theory of optimal design for general data subsampling problems, including finite population inference, parametric density estimation, and regression modelling. Our theory encompasses and generalises most existing methods in the field of optimal subdata selection based on unequal probability sampling and inverse probability weighting. We derive optimality conditions for a general class of optimality criteria, and present corresponding algorithms for finding optimal sampling schemes under Poisson and multinomial sampling designs. We present a novel class of transformation- and parameterisation-invariant linear optimality criteria which enjoy the best of two worlds: the computational tractability of A-optimality and invariance properties similar to D-optimality. The methodology is illustrated on an application in the traffic safety domain. In our experiments, the proposed invariant linear optimality criteria achieve 92-99% D-efficiency with 90-95% lower computational demand. In contrast, the A-optimality criterion has only 46% and 60% D-efficiency on two of the examples.
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| 10. |
- Stancik, Ivan Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Serine/Threonine Protein Kinases from Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya Share a Common Evolutionary Origin Deeply Rooted in the Tree of Life
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-2836 .- 1089-8638. ; 430:1, s. 27-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main family of serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kinases present in eukarya was defined and described by Hanks et al. in 1988 (Science, 241, 42–52). It was initially believed that these kinases do not exist in bacteria, but extensive genome sequencing revealed their existence in many bacteria. For historical reasons, the term “eukaryotic-type kinases” propagated in the literature to describe bacterial members of this protein family. Here, we argue that this term should be abandoned as a misnomer, and we provide several lines of evidence to support this claim. Our comprehensive phylostratigraphic analysis suggests that Hanks-type kinases present in eukarya, bacteria and archaea all share a common evolutionary origin in the lineage leading to the last universal common ancestor (LUCA). We found no evidence to suggest substantial horizontal transfer of genes encoding Hanks-type kinases from eukarya to bacteria. Moreover, our systematic structural comparison suggests that bacterial Hanks-type kinases resemble their eukaryal counterparts very closely, while their structures appear to be dissimilar from other kinase families of bacterial origin. This indicates that a convergent evolution scenario, by which bacterial kinases could have evolved a kinase domain similar to that of eukaryal Hanks-type kinases, is not very likely. Overall, our results strongly support a monophyletic origin of all Hanks-type kinases, and we therefore propose that this term should be adopted as a universal name for this protein family.
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