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- Axelsson Andrén, Elin, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Low serum HDL-cholesterol is associated with increased risk of the subcortical small vessel type of dementia
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior. - 2666-2450. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There are conflicting results whether serum lipid pattern is related to the amount of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on magnetic resonance imaging. Little is known of the associations between lipid concentrations and the subsequent risk of the subcortical small vessel type of dementia (SSVD), in which WMHs are a prominent manifestation. Here, we determined whether lipid levels are associated with the risk of SSVD, Alzheimer's disease (AD), or mixed dementia (combined AD and SSVD). Methods: This was a longitudinal, prospective study of 329 patients with subjective or objective mild cognitive impairment at baseline. The statistical analyses included Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustments for age, gender, education, body mass index, current smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and APOE ε4 genotype. Results: During the follow-up (mean 4.1 years), 80 patients converted to dementia [SSVD, n = 15 (5 %); AD, n = 39 (12 %); and mixed dementia, n = 26 (8 %)]. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL, per SD increase) was inversely associated with the risk of SSVD, whereas triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL)/HDL ratio, and TG/HDL ratio were positively associated with SSVD risk. Furthermore, the lowest HDL tertile was associated with a sevenfold, and the highest tertile of TG/HDL ratio with a threefold, increase in SSVD risk. There were no associations with the risk of AD or mixed dementia after adjustment for covariates. Conclusion: In a memory clinic population, low HDL and high TG/HDL ratio were independent risk factors of SSVD, but not of AD or mixed dementia.
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- Axelsson, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic Performance of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Chain and Soluble Amyloid-β Protein Precursor β in the Subcortical Small Vessel Type of Dementia.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. - 1875-8908. ; 96:4, s. 1515-1528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The subcortical small vessel type of dementia (SSVD) is a common subtype of vascular dementia, but there is a lack of disease-specific cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers.We investigated whether CSF concentrations of neurofilament light chain (NFL), soluble amyloid-β protein precursor α (sAβPPα), sAβPPβ, and CSF/serum albumin ratio could separate SSVD from healthy controls, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and mixed dementia (combined AD and SSVD).This was a mono-center study of patients with SSVD (n=38), AD (n=121), mixed dementia (n=62), and controls (n=96). The CSF biomarkers were measured using immunoassays, and their independent contribution to the separation between groups were evaluated using the Wald test. Then, the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.Elevated neurofilament light chain (NFL) and decreased sAβPPβ independently separated SSVD from controls, and sAβPPβ also distinguished SSVD from AD and mixed dementia. The combination of NFL and sAβPPβ discriminated SSVD from controls with high accuracy (AUROC 0.903, 95% CI: 0.834-0.972). Additionally, sAβPPβ combined with the core AD biomarkers (amyloid-β42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau181) had a high ability to separate SSVD from AD (AUROC 0.886, 95% CI: 0.830-0.942) and mixed dementia (AUROC 0.903, 95% CI: 0.838-0.968).The high accuracy of NFL and sAβPPβ to separate SSVD from controls supports that SSVD is a specific diagnostic entity. Moreover, SSVD was distinguished from AD and mixed dementia using sAβPPβ in combination with the core AD biomarkers.
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- Axelsson, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Patients with the Subcortical Small Vessel Type of Dementia Have Disturbed Cardiometabolic Risk Profile
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimers Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 73:4, s. 1373-1383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Population-based studies have shown that cardiometabolic status is associated with the amount of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, little is known of cardiometabolic risk factors in the subcortical small vessel type of dementia (SSVD), in which WMHs are one of the most prominent manifestations. Objective: To determine whether the profile of cardiometabolic risk factors differed between SSVD, Alzheimer's disease (AD), mixed dementia (combined AD and SSVD), and healthy controls. Methods: This was a mono-center, cross-sectional study of SSVD (n = 40), AD (n = 113), mixed dementia (n = 62), and healthy controls (n = 94). In the statistical analyses, we adjusted for covariates using ANCOVA and binary logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was increased in SSVD and mixed dementia (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 versus controls, respectively). Diabetes was more prevalent in SSVD patients, and body mass index was lower in AD and mixed dementia, compared to the controls (all p < 0.05). Serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were reduced in the SSVD group (both p < 0.05 versus control). These differences remained after adjustment for covariates. In the SSVD group, Trail Making Test A score correlated positively with systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure. Conclusion: All dementia groups had an altered cardiometabolic risk profile compared to the controls. The SSVD patients showed increased prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and in line with previous population-based data, TC and LDL-C in serum were reduced.
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- Axelsson, Karin, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Kundval – dilemman i gränssnittet mellan privata och offentliga organisationer
- 2010
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Ingår i: Samtal pågår… från forskare till politiker och tjänstemän i kommuner. - Linköping : Linköpings universitet. - 9789173934176 ; , s. 9-19
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Är det bättre med stora än med små kommuner? Kommer folkrörelsepartierna att bli mer kampanj- och väljarorienterade i framtiden? Hur formas en boendepolitik för det goda åldrandet? Lokala transportstrategier – hur och för vem? Hur påverkas kommunledningars samverkan om gymnasieskolan av att det finns friskolor? Är kulturekonomi framtidens lokala tillväxtmotor?Dessa och andra frågor behandlas i denna bok. Den är ett led i Centrum för kommunstrategiska studiers, CKS, arbete med att bygga en dialog – utveckla goda samtal – mellan Linköpings universitet och medlemskommunerna i CKS. Den innehåller fjorton olika artiklar, inlägg, som forskare författat för att förmedla sina resultat, men också för att stärka en dialog med politiker och tjänstemän i kommunerna. Inläggen spänner över många olika ämnen och frågeställningar. De är i vissa fall konkreta och koncisa i andra fall beskrivande och reflekterande. Alla är de av kommunstrategisk karaktär.I en kommun fattas en mängd olika politiska beslut kring de mest skiftande ämnen. Det kräver kunskap, reflektion och gedigna beslutsunderlag. Då kan forskares analyser och kunskapsproduktion vara till nytta. För att en fördjupad och samhällsrelevant forskning ska komma till stånd behövs emellertid reaktioner från politiker och tjänstemän. Det finns alltså ett ömsesidigt beroende. Det kan hanteras genom samtal i vilka forskare, politiker och tjänstemän kan utbyta erfarenheter, tankar och kunskaper. Inläggen i denna bok visar att samtal pågår
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- Brännmark, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Mathematical modeling of white adipocyte exocytosis predicts adiponectin secretion and quantifies the rates of vesicle exo- and endocytosis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - : AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 292:49, s. 20032-20043
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adiponectin is a hormone secreted from white adipocytes and takes part in the regulation of several metabolic processes. Although the pathophysiological importance of adiponectin has been thoroughly investigated, the mechanisms controlling its release are only partly understood. We have recently shown that adiponectin is secreted via regulated exocytosis of adiponectin-containing vesicles, that adiponectin exocytosis is stimulated by cAMP-dependent mechanisms, and that Ca2+ and ATP augment the cAMP-triggered secretion. However, much remains to be discovered regarding the molecular and cellular regulation of adiponectin release. Here, we have used mathematical modeling to extract detailed information contained within our previously obtained high-resolution patch-clamp time-resolved capacitance recordings to produce the first model of adiponectin exocytosis/secretion that combines all mechanistic knowledge deduced from electrophysiological experimental series. This model demonstrates that our previous understanding of the role of intracellular ATP in the control of adiponectin exocytosis needs to be revised to include an additional ATP-dependent step. Validation of the model by introduction of data of secreted adiponectin yielded a very close resemblance between the simulations and experimental results. Moreover, we could show that Ca2+-dependent adiponectin endocytosis contributes to the measured capacitance signal, and we were able to predict the contribution of endocytosis to the measured exocytotic rate under different experimental conditions. In conclusion, using mathematical modeling of published and newly generated data, we have obtained estimates of adiponectin exo- and endocytosis rates, and we have predicted adiponectin secretion. We believe that our model should have multiple applications in the study of metabolic processes and hormonal control thereof.
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- Chang, W.-J., et al.
(författare)
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Intron Evolution and Information processing in the DNA polymerase alpha gene in spirotrichous ciliates : A hypothesis for interconversion between DNA and RNA deletion
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biology Direct. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6150. ; 2, s. 6-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The somatic DNA molecules of spirotrichous ciliates are present as linear chromosomes containing mostly single-gene coding sequences with short 5' and 3' flanking regions. Only a few conserved motifs have been found in the flanking DNA. Motifs that may play roles in promoting and/or regulating transcription have not been consistently detected. Moreover, comparing subtelomeric regions of 1,356 end-sequenced somatic chromosomes failed to identify more putatively conserved motifs. RESULTS: We sequenced and compared DNA and RNA versions of the DNA polymerase alpha (pol alpha) gene from nine diverged spirotrichous ciliates. We identified a G-C rich motif aaTACCGC(G/C/T) upstream from transcription start sites in all nine pol alpha orthologs. Furthermore, we consistently found likely polyadenylation signals, similar to the eukaryotic consensus AAUAAA, within 35 nt upstream of the polyadenylation sites. Numbers of introns differed among orthologs, suggesting independent gain or loss of some introns during the evolution of this gene. Finally, we discuss the occurrence of short direct repeats flanking some introns in the DNA pol alpha genes. These introns flanked by direct repeats resemble a class of DNA sequences called internal eliminated sequences (IES) that are deleted from ciliate chromosomes during development. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that conserved motifs are present at both 5' and 3' untranscribed regions of the DNA pol alpha genes in nine spirotrichous ciliates. We also show that several independent gains and losses of introns in the DNA pol alpha genes have occurred in the spirotrichous ciliate lineage. Finally, our statistical results suggest that proven introns might also function in an IES removal pathway. This could strengthen a recent hypothesis that introns evolve into IESs, explaining the scarcity of introns in spirotrichs. Alternatively, the analysis suggests that ciliates might occasionally use intron splicing to correct, at the RNA level, failures in IES excision during developmental DNA elimination.
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| 10. |
- Ennerberg, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Local Places Ruling Life : Compromises and Restricted Career Choices in Rural Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Youth Studies. - : Springer. - 2204-9193 .- 2204-9207. ; 5, s. 281-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we explore the theme of choice in relation to education and work by discussing the notion of “compromise” within career guidance. In particular, we analyse compromises related to career choice in regard to groups and individuals who are restricted — or belong — to a particular geographical place and how this spatial limitation is managed and discussed by career guidance counsellors who work with unem- ployed individuals. The article is based on the following questions: How are compro- mises and restricted choices considered in relation to place and belonging? How do career guidance counsellors and other professionals discuss compromises of choice? The qualitative interviews have been conducted with career counsellors working with unemployed individuals in rural Sweden. Four themes emerge: location as a given/non-issue, location as opposed to interest, location as personal life and location as an obstacle. We argue that belonging can be seen as more available to certain groups. For example, career counsellors view the claims of belonging by young people as less valid than for individuals who can present caring and family obligations as reasons for not being mobile.
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