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| 2. |
- Azad, Azade, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescent female offenders’ subjective experiences of how peers influence norm-breaking behavior
- 2018
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Ingår i: Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0738-0151 .- 1573-2797. ; 35:3, s. 257-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Delinquent peers have a strong influence on adolescent delinquent behavior. However, few studies have investigated adolescents’, and in particular young females’, own perspectives of the role of peers on their delinquent behavior. The purpose of the present study was to explore how young female offenders described their delinquent behavior and more specifically the role they assign to peer relations in committing or avoiding delinquent acts. Nine female adolescents, sentenced to youth service, were interviewed, and the data was analyzed using the Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) method. The results showed that committing crimes and taking drugs with peers were portrayed as a way for the female delinquents to socialize. Delinquent and pro-social activities with peers appear to serve similar developmental functions in the sense that it is described to fulfill the same developmental needs. The young offenders also described collectively created pressures and norms in the peer group as the main contributing factor to their norm-breaking behavior, where they described being both recipients and producers of influence in the group. Another important finding was that the female offenders showed an awareness of the importance of pro-social peers and the need to eliminate delinquent friends from their peer network in order to help them refrain from deviant behavior. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Azad, Azade, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescent Females with Limited Delinquency : A Follow-Up on Educational Attainment and Recidivism
- 2020
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Ingår i: Child and Youth Care Forum. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1053-1890 .- 1573-3319. ; 49:2, s. 325-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Research has established a strong relationship between education and later life outcomes, where the connection between different school problems and delinquency have been widely acknowledged. These studies have often sampled male juvenile offenders exhibiting extensive and/or persistent delinquency. Less is known about the educational attainment of female juvenile offenders, especially those who display limited delinquency. In a previous study (Azad and Ginner Hau in Child Youth Serv Rev 95:384–396, 2018), the characteristics of this particular group of offenders were explored where the results showed limited self-reported delinquency but elevated school problems.Objective: The present aim was to conduct a follow-up study of the same sample of female adolescents, in order to study their educational attainment during adolescence and the rate of recidivism within 24 months after being sentenced through registry data.Method: The sample consisted of adolescent females (N = 144) who were convicted of a crime and sentenced to youth service between 2007 and 2012 in Stockholm, Sweden.Results: The results showed that the majority of the females did not reoffend within 2 years after being sentenced. They did, however, display high educational deficits. Their grade point average at the end of both compulsory education and upper secondary school was much lower than that of young females in general, and the majority had either dropped out, never begun or received zero in all subjects at the end of upper secondary school.Conclusions: The low school results indicate a need to support young delinquent females’ educational attainment in order to improve their overall life chances.
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| 4. |
- Azad, Azade, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescent females with limited delinquency – At risk of school failure
- 2018
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Ingår i: Children and youth services review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0190-7409 .- 1873-7765. ; 95, s. 384-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During adolescence, risk behaviors (e.g., running away from home, truancy, alcohol/drug use, and delinquency) increase, and most individuals who at some point commit crimes do so during their teenage years. Since the crime rate is so high during adolescence, juvenile delinquency can be regarded as a normal rather than a deviant behavior. Delinquent females have historically been under-researched. However, the little research that is available indicates that low-risk female offenders (females with limited delinquency receiving community-based measures), may be at risk of suboptimal development. The objective of the present study was to provide a basic description of this group of offenders by using their self-reports on delinquency, drug and alcohol use, school, peers, family and mental health. The self-reports of 138 females between 15 and 20 years of age sentenced to youth service in Stockholm, Sweden, were compared to young females in residential care and to a reference group of adolescent females without known adjustment problems. The results showed that the youth service females did not have a higher number of accumulated problems than the reference group with regard to criminal acts, drug and alcohol use, peers, mental health, and in some regards also for family. However, the youth service group reported various school-related problems and failures, more in line with the residential group. This suggests that interventions aimed at helping the young females develop strategies for becoming more academically successful are important.
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| 5. |
- Azad, Azade, et al.
(författare)
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Barn och ungdomar minns och berättar detaljerat efter att ha bevittnat dödligt våld
- 2012
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Ingår i: Svensk Juristtidning. - 0039-6591. ; 97, s. 746-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De flesta barn som kommer i kontakt med rättsväsendet har utsatts för stressfyllda eller traumatiska händelser. Följaktligen är effekten av starka negativa känslor på minnet och berättandet, av både juridiska och kliniska skäl, av stor vikt att undersöka. I ett pågående forskningsprojekt har vi kartlagt de mönster som präglar barns minnen och berättande när de bevittnat dödligt våld, samt olika bakgrundsfaktorer som kan tänkas påverka barnens vittnesmål. Totalt har vi analyserat polisförhör med över 100 barn och ungdomar i åldrarna 3–17 år. Huvudresultaten visar att barn berättar detaljerat om dessa upplevelser i polisförhör, oavsett ålder och relation till gärningsmannen och/eller offret. Därtill visar resultaten att upprepade förhör leder till ett än mer detaljerat berättande. Det finns således skäl till att reflektera över etablerade uppfattningar angående i vilken utsträckning barn är lojala mot sina föräldrar och av den anledningen tiger om det våld de upplevt i hemmet. Barnets vittnesmål är av stor vikt för att få ett bättre underlag i en brottsutredning och för att försäkra barnets rätt till brottsskadeersättning samt för att domstolarna vid straffvärdesbedömningen ska kunna beakta att ett barn bevittnat brottet.
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| 6. |
- Azad, Azadé, et al.
(författare)
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“Being a Girl is a Challenge… Maybe That’s Why It’s So Important to Be Proud of It.” Gender Identity and Performances of Femininity in Young Females with Limited Delinquency
- 2024
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Ingår i: Women and Criminal Justice. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0897-4454 .- 1541-0323.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We seek to expand the knowledge on gender identity and gender roles in young females with limited delinquency. Our thematic analysis of identity-status interviews and narratives from 10 female adolescents (aged 15–18 years) sentenced to youth service showed that they viewed being a girl as important, but also generally inflected by aspects of hardship and violence. We interpreted three types of femininity in the girls’ reasoning about their gender identity in relation to delinquency. These were used to both overcome and sustain gender hegemony. Findings also showed how these young women were both victims and social agents, whose experimentation and defense of self and others were embedded in their rationales for their offenses.
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| 7. |
- Azad, Azadé, 1981-
(författare)
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Characteristics of adolescent females with limited delinquency : Developmental challenges in relation to family, peers and education
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Adolescence is a developmental period marked with several changes in a young person’s life. Most adolescents who commit crimes desist over time. Despite this, research has mainly focused on those with extensive and long-term delinquency, including mostly males. Young females with limited delinquency are thus an under-researched group. The overall aim of the thesis was to explore the characteristics of young females with limited delinquency, and relate these features to developmental aspects of adolescence. Further, the objective was to study potential challenges they experience, in connection to family, peers and school. All four studies were based on data from young females sentenced to youth service. Studies 1 and 2 include all (N=144) females convicted in a major city in Sweden during 2007–2012. The data collected through self-reports based on ADAD interviews at the beginning of youth service in Study 1 was further complemented and followed up in Study 2 with registry data on education and recidivism 24 months after starting their sentence. Studies 3 and 4 were based on in-depth interviews with nine adolescent females who started their sentence between 2012–2013 in one of two major cities in Sweden. The results confirmed the assumption that this group of offenders displayed limited delinquency. Their self-reports in Study 1 showed low involvement in crimes during twelve months prior to youth service, which was similar to the reporting of a reference group of females in general. Displaying limited delinquency was supported by registry data in Study 2, showing that the majority of the females did not reoffend within two years after being sentenced, as measured by suspicion and conviction rates. However, they did show high educational deficits. This was evident both by high levels of self-reported school problems in Study 1 and final grade point in compulsory and upper secondary school in Study 2. Their educational attainment was lower than adolescent females in general, irrespective of whether they reoffended or not. These findings suggest that although the females were limited in their delinquency, their low levels of education could still put them at risk for suboptimal development. In the interviews, participants ascribed particular importance to peers and family when describing their delinquency. The narratives illustrated how the process of delinquency as it concerned interpersonal relations involved mutually influential exchanges, both contributing to as well as being affected by the delinquency. As such, delinquency was, in Study 3, portrayed as a way to socialize, where delinquent peers were considered important for committing crimes, and pro-social peers for desisting. Likewise, family relations in Study 4 were given a prominent role in the entire process. Accordingly, delinquency was described as a consequence of the relations to the family, where these were negatively as well as positively affected by the crimes. The collective results indicate that committing crimes for the females may be viewed as part of normative development, in which the quest for independence and establishing ones’ identity can contribute to these behaviors. Practical implications for work with young female offenders are also discussed.
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| 8. |
- Azad, Azade, et al.
(författare)
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Children's Reporting About Sexual Versus Physical Abuse : Patterns of Reporting, Avoidance and Denial
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychiatry, Psychology and Law. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1321-8719 .- 1934-1687. ; 22:6, s. 890-902
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analysed the reporting patterns of 22 sexually abused children and 23 physically abused children (all cases had been verified). Police interviews with the children were analysed in relation to the amount and type of information reported, as well as the frequency of denial and avoidance of critical information. Physically and sexually abused children reported more neutral information from the abusive acts per se than information regarding sexual or physically violent acts. The children were also high in avoidance and denial regarding information about the abuse. The physically abused children reported more severe information about physically abusive acts compared with the amount of information the sexually abused children reported about severe sexual acts. An explanation for this may have been the shameful and taboo nature of sexual abuse. It is important to undertake further investigation of how the nature and type of abuse, to which child witnesses have been exposed, may affect the reporting pattern. Such information may broaden our knowledge about how to conduct and evaluate child interviews.
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| 9. |
- Azad, Azade, et al.
(författare)
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Children's reporting patterns after witnessing homicidal violence : the effect of repeated experience and repeated interviews
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychology, Crime and Law. - Oxfordshire, United Kingdom : Routledge. - 1068-316X .- 1477-2744. ; 20:5, s. 407-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For both legal and clinical purposes, it is of importance to study children's memories and reports of stressful events. The present study investigated the reporting patterns of 83 children who had witnessed homicidal violence, which is considered to be a highly stressful experience. More specifically, we explored the possible effects of prior violence exposure and of repeated questioning on the amount of details reported. Results showed that the majority of children provided detailed reports about the homicidal violence they had witnessed, including details concerning what happened before, during, and after the violent act. The children provided detailed and vivid testimonies from their experiences, whether they witnessed the event for the first time or had prior experience of witnessing severe violence against the victim by the perpetrator. Children with no prior experience of repeated violence who underwent repeated interviews provided more details than those interviewed once. The present data indicate that children are competent witnesses when questioned in legal contexts after having been exposed to extremely stressful events. These findings have implications for research related to children's memories and reporting of traumatic experiences, as well as practical implications for future treatment and evaluation of children's testimonies.
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| 10. |
- Azad, Azadé, et al.
(författare)
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Competence and professionalisation among return-to-work coordinators in Sweden : comparisons by original profession
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 27:5, s. 938-951
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Return-to-work coordinators (RTWC) support people on sickness absence and is a new healthcare occupation in Sweden. Its practitioners represent a variety of professions, there is no common undergraduate training and vague role and competence descriptions. The aim was to explore differences in training and competence according to original professions (occupational therapists, physiotherapists, counselling, and other professions) and coordinators’ views on which professions they believe provide the best competence for the role. All RTWCs (82) in one region were invited to answer a questionnaire (89% response rate). Mixed-methods analyses were applied. The results showed that counselling professions were more likely than other professional groups to have further training, particularly in conversation methods, and a lower proportion of them stated needing more knowledge about gender equality, social problems, insurance/benefit and conversation methods. The analysis of free-text answers identified three competence areas of importance: advice and guidance, a holistic view, and personality over profession. Occupational therapists and social workers were seen as having the best competence for the coordinating role. The results outline some common values, norms and important competences for RTWCs that could help develop the RTW coordination training and pave the way for RTWCs professionalisation process.
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