| 1. |
- Abel, S, et al.
(författare)
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Two-fraction and three-fraction continuous simulated moving bed separation of nucleosides
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 1043:2, s. 201-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new experimental set-up and a new simulated moving bed (SMB) operation are presented in this work. A desktop SMB unit developed as a modification of the commercial AKTA(TM) explorer working platform has been utilized for the separation of different mixtures of nucleosides. Both two fraction and three fraction SMB separations have been carried out, the latter made possible by the adoption of a new SMB configuration and operating mode (three fraction SMB, 3F-SMB, operation). Experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the 3F-SMB operation, and confirm the trends predicted based on considerations about retention of the components to be separated along the unit.
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| 2. |
- Bäbler, Matthäus
(författare)
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A collision efficiency model for flow-induced coagulation of fractal aggregates
- 2008
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Ingår i: AIChE Journal. - : Wiley. - 0001-1541 .- 1547-5905. ; 54:7, s. 1748-1760
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A model for flow-induced collisions of fractal aggregates is developed. The model is based on the analysis of the relative trajectories between a pair of aggregates that takes into account their hydrodynamic and their colloidal interactions. Regarding the former, the aggregates are modeled as permeable spheres where the Brinkman equation is used to describe the flow inside the aggregates. Interparticle forces are incorporated by considering the forces between the primary particles in the two aggregates that are the nearest. The model results in a collision efficiency that depends on the masses of the colliding aggregates, the fractal dimension, and a nondimensional Hamaker constant characterizing the interparticle forces. The collision efficiency model is used to investigate the dynamics of a suspension undergoing coagulation. Significant deviations with respect to existing collision efficiency models are evidenced.
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| 3. |
- Bäbler, Matthäus, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of the aggregation-fragmentation population balance equation with application to coagulation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 316:2, s. 428-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coagulation of small particles in agitated suspensions is governed by aggregation and breakage. These two processes control the time evolution of the cluster mass distribution (CMD) which is described through a population balance equation (PBE). In this work, a PBE model that includes an aggregation rate function, which is a superposition of Brownian and flow induced aggregation, and a power law breakage rate function is investigated. Both rate functions are formulated assuming the clusters are fractals. Further, two modes of breakage are considered: in the fragmentation mode a particles splits into w ≥ 2 fragments of equal size, and in the erosion mode a particle splits into two fragments of different size. The scaling theory of the aggregation-breakage PBE is revised which leads to the result that under the negligence of Brownian aggregation the steady state CMD is self-similar with respect to a non-dimensional breakage coefficient θ. The self-similarity is confirmed by solving the PBE numerically. The self-similar CMD is found to deviate significantly from a log-normal distribution, and in the case of erosion it exhibits traces of multimodality. The model is compared to experimental data for the coagulationof a polystyrene latex. It is revealed that the model is not flexible enough to describecoagulation over an extended range of operation conditions with a unique set of parameters. In particular, it cannot predict the correct behavior for both a variation in the solid volume fraction of the suspension and in the agitation rate (shear rate).
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| 4. |
- Bäbler, Matthäus, et al.
(författare)
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Breakup and aggregation in turbulently stirred vessels
- 2009
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Ingår i: 13th European Conference on Mixing.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The breakup and aggregation of small solid particle aggregates in hetero-geneous °ows is modeled through a multizonal population balance model. Breakupand aggregation are described through comprehensive rate expressions that takeinto account the local properties of the turbulent °ow. Two approaches are pursuedto de¯ne the zones: in the ¯rst approach the zones are prede¯ned and computational°uid dynamics is used to compute the zone properties. In the second approach thezone properties are directly ¯tted to experimental data. Model results compare wellwith experiments for the aggregation of a polystyrene latex in a stirred tank evenwhen only two zones are used.
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| 5. |
- Bäbler, Matthäus, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Breakup of individual colloidal aggregates in turbulent flow investigated by 3D particle tracking velocimetry
- 2018
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Ingår i: Multiphase Flow Phenomena and Applications: Memorial Volume in Honor of Gad Hetsroni. - : World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.. - 9789813227392 - 9789813227385 ; , s. 83-96
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aggregates grown in mild shear flow are released, one at a time, into homogeneous isotropic turbulence where their breakup is recorded by three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (3D-PTV). The aggregates have an open structure with fractal dimension around 2.2, and their size varies from 0.9 to 3.1 mm which is large compared to the Kolmogorov length scale η = 0.15 mm. 3D-PTV allows for the simultaneous measurement of aggregate trajectories and the full velocity gradient tensor along their pathlines which enables us to access the Lagrangian stress history of individual breakup events. The analysis suggests that aggregates are mostly broken due to accumulation of drag stress over a time interval of order Kolmogorov time scale, O(τη). This finding is explained by the fact that the aggregates are large, which gives their motion inertia and which increases the time for stress propagation inside the aggregate.
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| 6. |
- Bäbler, Matthäus, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Breakup of small aggregates in bounded and unbounded turbulent flows
- 2020
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Ingår i: ETC 2013 - 14th European Turbulence Conference. - : Zakon Group LLC.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breakup of small tracer-like aggregates is studied by means of numerical simulations in four different flows, namely homogeneous isotropic turbulence, smooth stochastic flow, turbulent channel flow, and developing boundary layer flow. Aggregate breakup occurs when the local hydrodynamic stress σ ∼ ε1/2, where ε is the local energy dissipation, overcomes a given threshold value σcr [or equivalently εcr ∼ σcr2 ] characteristic for a given type of aggregates. Following the aggregate trajectory upon release and detecting the first occurrence of local energy dissipation exceeding the predefined threshold allows for estimating the breakup rate as a function of εcr. Results show that the breakup rate decreases with increasing threshold. For small values of the threshold, this decrease assumes consistent scaling among the different flows which is explained by universal small scale flow properties.
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| 7. |
- Bäbler, Matthäus, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrodynamic interactions and orthokinetic collisions of porous aggregates in the Stokes regime
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics of fluids. - : AIP Publishing. - 1070-6631 .- 1089-7666. ; 18:1, s. 013302-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hydrodynamic interaction of two neutrally buoyant porous aggregates is investigated under creeping flow conditions for the case where the undisturbed velocity of the surrounding flow field is a linear function of position. In this framework, the relative velocity between two aggregates is given by the deformation of the undisturbed flow expressed through the rate of strain and the angular velocity of the flow field, and by two flow-independent hydrodynamic functions, typically referred to as A and B, which account for the disturbance of the flow field due to the presence of the particles [G. K. Batchelor and J. T. Green, J. Fluid Mech. 56, 375 (1972)]. In the present paper, the analysis of thehydrodynamic interaction that is known for the case of two impermeable, solid particles is extended to the case of porous aggregates by applying Brinkman's equation to describe the flow within the aggregates. A reflection scheme is applied to calculate A and B and the obtained expressions are applied to interpret the orthokinetic aggregation ofaggregates in diluted suspensions, where the collision frequency is computed using the method of relative trajectories of a pair of aggregates.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bäbler, Matthäus, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling the breakup of solid aggregates in turbulent flows
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Fluid Mechanics. - 0022-1120 .- 1469-7645. ; 612, s. 261-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The breakup of solid aggregates suspended in a turbulent flow is considered. The aggregates are assumed to be small with respect to the Kolmogorov length scale and the flow is assumed to be homogeneous. Further, it is assumed that breakup is caused by hydrodynamic stresses acting on the aggregates, and breakup is therefore assumed to follow a first-order kinetic where K-B(x) is the breakup rate function and x is the aggregate mass. To model K-B(x), it is assumed that an aggregate breaks instantaneously when the surrounding flow is violent enough to create a hydrodynamic stress that exceeds a critical value required to break the aggregate. For aggregates smaller than the Kolmogorov length scale the hydrodynamic stress is determined by the viscosity and local energy dissipation rate whose fluctuations are highly intermittent. Hence, the first-order breakup kinetics are governed by the frequency with which the local energy dissipation rate exceeds a critical value (that corresponds to the critical stress). A multifractal model is adopted to describe the statistical properties of the local energy dissipation rate, and a power-law relation is used to relate the critical energy dissipation rate above which breakup occurs to the aggregate mass. The model leads to an expression for K-B(x) that is zero below a limiting aggregate mass, and diverges for x -> infinity. When simulating the breakup process, the former leads to an asymptotic mean aggregate size whose scaling with the mean energy dissipation rate differs by one third from the scaling expected in a non-fluctuating flow.
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| 10. |
- Bäbler, Matthäus, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical simulations of aggregate breakup in bounded and unbounded turbulent flows
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Fluid Mechanics. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0022-1120 .- 1469-7645. ; 766
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breakup of small aggregates in fully developed turbulence is studied by means of direct numerical simulations in a series of typical bounded and unbounded flow configurations, such as a turbulent channel flow, a developing boundary layer and homogeneous isotropic turbulence. The simplest criterion for breakup is adopted, whereby aggregate breakup occurs when the local hydrodynamic stress sigma similar to epsilon(1/2), with epsilon being the energy dissipation at the position of the aggregate, overcomes a given threshold sigma(cr), which is characteristic for a given type of aggregate. Results show that the breakup rate decreases with increasing threshold. For small thresholds, it develops a scaling behaviour among the different flows. For high thresholds, the breakup rates show strong differences between the different flow configurations, highlighting the importance of non-universal mean-flow properties. To further assess the effects of flow inhomogeneity and turbulent fluctuations, the results are compared with those obtained in a smooth stochastic flow. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations and applicability of a set of independent proxies.
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