| 1. |
- Berger, Michelle L., et al.
(författare)
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Alternative and legacy flame retardants in marine mammals from three northern ocean regions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 335, s. 122255-122255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flame retardants are globally distributed contaminants that have been linked to negative health effects in humans and wildlife. As top predators, marine mammals bioaccumulate flame retardants and other contaminants in their tissues which is one of many human-imposed factors threatening population health. While some flame retardants, such as the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), have been banned because of known toxicity and environmental persistence, limited data exist on the presence and distribution of current-use alternative flame retardants in marine mammals from many industrialized and remote regions of the world. Therefore, this study measured 44 legacy and alternative flame retardants in nine marine mammal species from three ocean regions: the Northwest Atlantic, the Arctic, and the Baltic allowing for regional, species, age, body condition, temporal, and tissue comparisons to help understand global patterns. PBDE concentrations were 100–1000 times higher than the alternative brominated flame retardants (altBFRs) and Dechloranes. 2,2′,4,5,5′-pentabromobiphenyl (BB-101) and hexabromobenzene (HBBZ) were the predominant altBFRs, while Dechlorane-602 was the predominant Dechlorane. This manuscript also reports only the second detection of hexachlorocyclopentadienyl-dibromocyclooctane (HCDBCO) in marine mammals. The NW Atlantic had the highest PBDE concentrations followed by the Baltic and Arctic which reflects greater historical use of PBDEs in North America compared to Europe and greater industrialization of North America and Baltic countries compared to the Arctic. Regional patterns for other compounds were more complicated, and there were significant interactions among species, regions, body condition and age class. Lipid-normalized PBDE concentrations in harbor seal liver and blubber were similar, but HBBZ and many Dechloranes had higher concentrations in liver, indicating factors other than lipid dynamics affect the distribution of these compounds. The health implications of contamination by this mixture of compounds are of concern and require further research.
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| 2. |
- Bignert, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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9. Contaminants and Health of Aquatic Wildlife
- 2012. - 1
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Ingår i: Ecology and Animal Health. - Uppsala : Baltic University Press. - 9789186189129 ; , s. 73-85
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 3. |
- Bredhult, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of chlorinated biphenyls and metabolites on human uterine myocyte proliferation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Human and Experimental Toxicology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0960-3271 .- 1477-0903. ; 26:10, s. 801-809
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uterine myometrial cells are responsive to sex steroids, which could make them susceptible to actions of endocrine disrupting environmental contaminants such as some PCBs. The aim of this investigation was to identify possible effects of some chlorinated biphenyls (CBs) and their metabolites on myometrial cell proliferation. Myometrial cells obtained from women in both phases of the menstrual cycle and from pregnant women were grown in vitro and exposed to CB 101, CB 118, 3'-MeSO2-CB 101, 4'-MeSO2-CB 101, 4-OH-CB 107, 17 beta-estradiol, progesterone, ethinylestradiol or levonorgestrel. The proliferative activity was studied by a BrdU assay. Myometrial cell cultures originating from pregnant women exhibited decreased proliferation in response to 3'-MeSO2-CB 101, 4'-MeSO2-CB 101 and 4-OH-CB 107. Estradiol, a combination of 1 nM 17 beta-estradiol and 10 nM progesterone, ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel also reduced the proliferation of the myometrial cells, regardless of whether the cells were collected from either of the menstrual cycle phases or from pregnant women. To our knowledge this study is the first to demonstrate that some CBs affect the proliferative activity of human uterine myocytes.
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| 4. |
- Bredhult, Carolina, 1980-
(författare)
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Effects of some Endocrine Disruptors on Human and Grey Seal Uterine Cells
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The effects of environmental contaminants in humans and animals are of great concern. Some contaminants are endocrine disruptors that may interfere with the endogenous hormonal signalling and disturb, for example, reproductive organs and functions.Primary uterine myometrial cells originating from women and Baltic grey seals were exposed to some polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their metabolites. Even though human and Baltic grey seal myometrial cells responded differently to the tested PCBs, the results indicate that PCBs can influence myometrial cell proliferation in vitro.The prevalence of uterine leiomyomas was investigated among 257 Baltic grey seals. Leiomyomas were only present in females older than 22 years, at a prevalence of 65%. Proliferation in leiomyoma cells was detected in individuals lacking ovarian proliferation support, suggesting the presence of an exogenous stimulant. By taking into account temporal alterations in the contaminant burden of the seals, PCB exposure was found to be associated with leiomyoma prevalence. In conclusion, PCB exposure may be related to uterine leiomyoma development and proliferation in Baltic grey seals in vivo.Human endometrial endothelial cells (HEECs) were exposed to some endocrine disruptors, and the effects of the endocrine disruptors on cell proliferation and viability were studied. All evaluated endocrine disruptors decreased HEEC proliferation and most also decreased HEEC viability. Further studies revealed that the reduction in HEEC proliferation after exposure to o,p’-DDT was associated with differential expression of mRNA involved in proliferation, defence response, and lipid and cholesterol metabolism compared to untreated HEEC. In conclusion, these studies suggest that endocrine disruptors affect cultured cells from the female reproductive tract of humans and grey seals, and may have deleterious effects on proliferation, viability, and genes involved in defence response, and lipid or cholesterol metabolism.
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| 5. |
- Bredhult, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of some endocrine disruptors on the proliferation and viability of human endometrial endothelial cells in vitro
- 2007
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Ingår i: Reproductive Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-6238 .- 1873-1708. ; 23:4, s. 550-559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) pose a potential threat to human reproductive health. We studied the proliferation and viability of human endometrial endothelial cells (HEECs) in vitro after exposure to 2,2-bis(o,p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (o,p′-DDT), 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB 77), 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (CB 126), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), bisphenol A (BPA), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and 17β-oestradiol, progesterone, 17α-ethynyl oestradiol and levonorgestrel. Cell proliferation was studied using immunocytochemistry for PCNA expression and a 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine assay. Cell viability was studied by vital staining with propidium iodide and Hoechst 33258. HEECs in primary culture responded with increased proliferation to oestradiol and with decreased proliferation to levonorgestrel and the EDCs. Some EDCs also affected cell viability and increased the proportion of necrotic cells. However, the decrease in proliferation in response to DBP and TCDD cannot be explained by cell death. In light of these results, it is possible that the EDCs could have effects in vivo as well as in vitro, and influence processes involving for example endometrial angiogenesis.
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| 6. |
- Bredhult, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Study of the relation between the incidence of uterine leiomyomas and the concentrations of PCB and DDT in Baltic gray seals
- 2008
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Ingår i: Reproductive Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-6238 .- 1873-1708. ; 25:2, s. 247-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to environmental contaminants is believed to be associated with the previously described decrease in the reproduction rate of Baltic gray seals. In the present study the prevalence of uterine leiomyomas was investigated in 257 Baltic gray seal females examined during 1973-2007, in relation to the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in Baltic biota, using an estimated exposure index. Additionally, the proliferative activity in leiomyomas, occurrence of corpora lutea, and blubber concentrations of PCB and DDT were investigated in a subset of females. Leiomyomas were only found in females 22-41 years old, at a prevalence of 65%. No differences in blubber concentrations of PCB or DDT were detected between the subset of leiomyoma-bearing females and reference females, but the estimated exposure index indicated that the PCB level in Baltic biota might be related to the leiomyoma prevalence in Baltic gray seal females.
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| 7. |
- Britt-Marie, Bäcklin, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal and Geographical Variation of Intestinal Ulcers in Grey Seals (Halichoerus grypus) and Environmental Contaminants in Baltic Biota during Four Decades
- 2021
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Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2615. ; 11:10, s. 2968-2968
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of intestinal ulcers and parasites was investigated in 2172 grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) collected in the Baltic Sea and 49 grey seals collected outside the Baltic Sea (i.e., the Atlantic). An increase in frequency of ileocaeco-colonic ulcers was observed in the early 1980s, followed by a decrease in the mid-1990s. At the same time, there was an increase followed by a decrease in brominated flame retardants, Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and cadmium levels in herring (Clupea harengus), the most common prey item in Baltic grey seal diet, as well as in another top predator in the Baltic, the common guillemot (Uria aalge). The frequency of intestinal ulcers was significantly related to the intensity of acanthocephalan parasites, the age of the seal and the region of the Baltic Sea. Perforation of the intestinal wall was the cause of death in 26 of the investigated Baltic grey seals. In contrast, none of the investigated Atlantic grey seals had intestinal ulcers. They showed a thin colonic wall and very few acanthocephalan parasites. The high prevalence of intestinal ulcers and the high parasite intensity appear to be unique to the Baltic population of grey seals.
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| 8. |
- Bäcklin, Britt-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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2003 års avlysningsjakt på gråsäl
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturvårdsverket beslutade 2003-04-04 att avlysningsjakt efter gråsäl skulle bedrivas för tredje året i följd. År 2003 års jakt inkluderade åtta län (se Tabell 1) utmed Östersjö-, Bottenhavs- och Bottenvikskusten under perioden 16 april – 31 december. Under perioden den 16/4-31/5 fick högst hälften av respektive läns kvot av sälar fällas. Enligt beslutet fördelades tillstånd för jakt på totalt 170 sälar. Kvoterna fördelades per län enligt en av länsstyrelserna utarbetad modell, som bl.a. bygger på faktorer som antal fiskare, fiskets inriktning, fångstvärde, sälskadornas värde och sälskadornas varaktighet. Naturvårdsverket beslutade även, liksom tidigare år, att fällda sälar skulle få behållas på villkor att prover och ifyllda uppgifter om de fällda sälarna i en s.k. jaktrapport skickades till Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (NRM), Gruppen för Miljögiftsforskning. Nedan redovisas resultat från sammanställningar baserade på patologiska undersökningar, åldersbestämning och uppgifter från jägare samt kustbevakningen. Vissa jämförelser görs även med inskickat materialet från gråsälsjakten år 2002 (Bäcklin, 2003a) och undersökta drunknade eller funna döda gråsälar inskickade till NRM för Naturvårdsverkets nationella övervakningsprogram för toppkonsumenter. Undersökningarna har finansierats av Naturvårdsverkets enheter för Viltförvaltning respektive Miljöövervakning.
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| 9. |
- Bäcklin, Britt-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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2007 års säljakt : Undersökningar av insamlat material
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturvårdsverket beslutade 2007-04-11 och 2007-09-21 (Dnr 412-162-07 Nv och 412-6125-07 Nf) att avlysningsjakt efter gråsäl skulle bedrivas för sjunde året i följd under perioden 16 april – 31 december 2007. Jakten inkluderade åtta län (se Tabell 1) utmed Östersjö-, Bottenhavs- och Bottenvikskusten. Under perioden 16/4-31/5 fick högst hälften av respektive läns kvot av sälar fällas. Tillstånd fördelades för jakt på totalt 210 sälar varav Fiskeriverket givits tillstånd att fälla 20 gråsälar i X- och Y-län. Kvoterna fördelades per län enligt en av länsstyrelserna utarbetad modell, som bl.a. bygger på förekomst av gråsäl och faktorer som antal fiskare, fiskets inriktning, fångstvärde, sälskadornas värde samt sälskadornas varaktighet. Naturvårdsverket beslutade även, liksom tidigare år, att fällda sälar skulle få behållas på villkor att prover och ifyllda uppgifter om de fällda sälarna i en s.k. jaktrapport skickades till Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (NRM), Enheten för Miljögiftsforskning. Nedan redovisas resultat från sammanställningar baserade på patologiska under-sökningar, åldersbestämning och uppgifter från jägare samt kustbevakningen. Vissa jämförelser görs även med inskickat material från gråsälsjakten åren 2002-2006 samt med undersökta drunknade/funna döda gråsälar. Undersökningarna har finansierats av Naturvårdsverkets enheter för Viltförvaltning respektive Miljöövervakning.
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| 10. |
- Bäcklin, Britt-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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2010 års gråsälsjakt : Undersökningar av insamlat material
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturvårdsverket beslutade 2010-04-12 (Dnr 412-2229-10 Nv ) att skyddsjakt efter gråsäl skulle bedrivas för tionde året i följd. Jakten pågick under perioden 16 april – 31 december och inkluderade nio län (se Tabell 1) utmed Östersjö-, Bottenhavs- och Bottenvikskusten. Under perioden 16/4-30/6 fick högst hälften av respektive läns kvot av sälar fällas. Svenska tillstånd för skyddsjakt omfattade totalt 230 sälar. Kvoterna fördelades per län enligt en av länsstyrelserna utarbetad modell, som bl.a. bygger på förekomst av gråsäl och faktorer som antal fiskare, fiskets inriktning, fångstvärde, sälskadornas värde samt sälskadornas varaktighet. Fälld säl rapporteras av jägaren till kustbevakningen som löpande sammanställer resultaten per län och skickar dessa vidare via e-post enligt sändlista. Naturvårdsverket beslutade även, liksom tidigare år, att fällda sälar skulle få behållas på villkor att prover och ifyllda uppgifter om de fällda sälarna i en s.k. jaktrapport skickades till Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (NRM), Enheten för Miljögiftsforskning.
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