| 1. |
- Andersson, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Visually mediated valence effects in dialogue: an explorative study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Lund University Cognitive Studies. - 1101-8453. ; 151, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is an exploratory study investigating potential effects of emotional valence in images and their influence on conversation in the presence of the images. We used latent-semantic analysis to generalize valence ratings of Swedish words to a corpus of spoken conversations. Each utterance in the conversation was given a valence rating, which represented how emotionally positive or emotionally negative the utterance was. We found no effects that indicate that valenced images have an effect on conversations. However, we find that valenced images in general, and positive images in particular, were considered more helpful by the participants who engaged in the conversations. Additionally, we find no results that interlocutors align over time in their use of valenced language.
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| 2. |
- Anikin, Andrey, et al.
(författare)
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Human Non-linguistic Vocal Repertoire : Call Types and Their Meaning
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-3653 .- 0191-5886. ; 42:1, s. 53-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research on human nonverbal vocalizations has led to considerable progress in our understanding of vocal communication of emotion. However, in contrast to studies of animal vocalizations, this research has focused mainly on the emotional interpretation of such signals. The repertoire of human nonverbal vocalizations as acoustic types, and the mapping between acoustic and emotional categories, thus remain underexplored. In a cross-linguistic naming task (Experiment 1), verbal categorization of 132 authentic (non-acted) human vocalizations by English-, Swedish- and Russian-speaking participants revealed the same major acoustic types: laugh, cry, scream, moan, and possibly roar and sigh. The association between call type and perceived emotion was systematic but non-redundant: listeners associated every call type with a limited, but in some cases relatively wide, range of emotions. The speed and consistency of naming the call type predicted the speed and consistency of inferring the caller's emotion, suggesting that acoustic and emotional categorizations are closely related. However, participants preferred to name the call type before naming the emotion. Furthermore, nonverbal categorization of the same stimuli in a triad classification task (Experiment 2) was more compatible with classification by call type than by emotion, indicating the former's greater perceptual salience. These results suggest that acoustic categorization may precede attribution of emotion, highlighting the need to distinguish between the overt form of nonverbal signals and their interpretation by the perceiver. Both within- and between-call acoustic variation can then be modeled explicitly, bringing research on human nonverbal vocalizations more in line with the work on animal communication.
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| 3. |
- Arnling Bååth, Jenny, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Biochemical and structural features of diverse bacterial glucuronoyl esterases facilitating recalcitrant biomass conversion
- 2018
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Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834 .- 1754-6834. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Lignocellulose is highly recalcitrant to enzymatic deconstruction, where the recalcitrance primarily results from chemical linkages between lignin and carbohydrates. Glucuronoyl esterases (GEs) from carbohydrate esterase family 15 (CE15) have been suggested to play key roles in reducing lignocellulose recalcitrance by cleaving covalent ester bonds found between lignin and glucuronoxylan. However, only a limited number of GEs have been biochemically characterized and structurally determined to date, limiting our understanding of these enzymes and their potential exploration. Results Ten CE15 enzymes from three bacterial species, sharing as little as 20% sequence identity, were characterized on a range of model substrates; two protein structures were solved, and insights into their regulation and biological roles were gained through gene expression analysis and enzymatic assays on complex biomass. Several enzymes with higher catalytic efficiencies on a wider range of model substrates than previously characterized fungal GEs were identified. Similarities and differences regarding substrate specificity between the investigated GEs were observed and putatively linked to their positioning in the CE15 phylogenetic tree. The bacterial GEs were able to utilize substrates lacking 4-OH methyl substitutions, known to be important for fungal enzymes. In addition, certain bacterial GEs were able to efficiently cleave esters of galacturonate, a functionality not previously described within the family. The two solved structures revealed similar overall folds to known structures, but also indicated active site regions allowing for more promiscuous substrate specificities. The gene expression analysis demonstrated that bacterial GE-encoding genes were differentially expressed as response to different carbon sources. Further, improved enzymatic saccharification of milled corn cob by a commercial lignocellulolytic enzyme cocktail when supplemented with GEs showcased their synergistic potential with other enzyme types on native biomass. Conclusions Bacterial GEs exhibit much larger diversity than fungal counterparts. In this study, we significantly expanded the existing knowledge on CE15 with the in-depth characterization of ten bacterial GEs broadly spanning the phylogenetic tree, and also presented two novel enzyme structures. Variations in transcriptional responses of CE15-encoding genes under different growth conditions suggest nonredundant functions for enzymes found in species with multiple CE15 genes and further illuminate the importance of GEs in native lignin–carbohydrate disassembly.
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| 4. |
- ARNLING BÅÅTH, RASMUS
(författare)
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Subjective rhythmization : A replication and an assessment of two theoretical explanations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Music Perception. - 0730-7829. ; 33:2, s. 244-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subjective rhythmization is that phenomenon whereby, when one is listening to a monotone metronome sequence, some sounds are experienced as accented. These subjectively accented sounds group the sequence similarly to how the metrical structure of a piece of music groups the beats. Subjective rhythmization was first investigated by Bolton (1894); the present study aims at replicating and extending that work. Consistent with Bolton's results, all participants reported hearing accent patterns when listening to monotone sequences; the reported group size of an accent pattern was highly dependent on the tempo of the sequence. A power relation captured well the relation between the reported group size and the sequence interstimulus interval. Further, the mean group size reported in the subjective rhythmization task was found to correlate with the timing performance in a slowtempo tapping task. These results are consistent with the resonance theory explanation of subjective rhythmization (Large, 2008).
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| 5. |
- Arnling Bååth, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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The role of executive control in rhythmic timing at different tempi
- 2016
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Ingår i: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1069-9384 .- 1531-5320. ; 23:6, s. 1954-1960
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the role of attention and executive control in rhythmic timing, using a dual-task paradigm. The main task was a finger tapping task in which participants were asked to tap their index finger in time with metronome sequences. The tempo of the sequences ranged from 600 ms to 3000 ms between each beat. The distractor task, chosen so as to engage executive control processes, was a novel covert n-back task. When the tempo was slow, simultaneous performance of the tapping and n-back tasks resulted in significant performance degradation in both tasks. There was also some dual-task interference at the fast tempo levels, however, the magnitude of the interference was much smaller in comparison. The results suggests that, when the tempo is sufficiently slow, performing rhythmic timing demands attentional resources and executive control. This accords with models of time perception that assume that different timing mechanisms are recruited at different time scales. It also accords with models that assume a dedicated mechanism for rhythm perception and where rhythm perception is assumed to have a slower limit.
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| 6. |
- Bååth, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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A prototype based resonance model of rhythm categorization
- 2014
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Ingår i: i-Perception. - : SAGE Publications. - 2041-6695. ; 5:6, s. 548-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Categorization of rhythmic patterns is prevalent in musical practice, an example of this being the transcription of (possibly not strictly metrical) music into musical notation. In this article we implement a dynamical systems’ model of rhythm categorization based on the resonance theory of rhythm perception developed by Large (2010). This model is used to simulate the categorical choices of participants in two experiments of Desain and Honing (2003). The model accurately replicates the experimental data. Our results support resonance theory as a viable model of rhythm perception and show that by viewing rhythm perception as a dynamical system it is possible to model central properties of rhythm categorization.
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| 7. |
- Bååth, Rasmus
(författare)
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An Investigation into the Perception and Production of Slow Rhythms
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Appreciation and production of musical rhythm is a human universal and, as with other human capacities, it is imperative to understand the extent of our capacity to perceive and produce rhythm. This thesis presents my work on the cognitive and perceptual aspects of rhythm perception and production at a slow tempi. In Paper I I establish that rhythm production, such as keeping the beat to a metronome sequence, gets subjectively more difficult at slower tempi. Difficulty increases gradually with slower tempo, however, there was a was marked increase in rated difficulty when there was more than 1800 ms between each metronome sound, supporting Repp’s (2006) notion of at what tempo keeping a rhythm becomes difficult. Paper II developed a computational cognitive model of rhythm categorization. The model used the resonance theory framework by Large (2010) to model behavioral data on how musicians categorize musical rhythm. The categorization made by the computational model and the categorizations made by the musicians agreed well, supporting the notion that resonance theory is a viable model of rhythm perception. Paper III replicated the study by Bolton (1894) on the auditory illusion subjective rhythmization. Paper IV further explored aspects of this illusion and tested two theoretical explanations of why this illusion occurs. The results strongly favored the resonance theory explanation of subjective rhythmization. In connection to rhythm perception at slow tempi, the paper developed an argument for how participants' experience of subjective rhythmization relates to their slower limit of rhythm perception. In Paper V I show that conventional methods for measuring timing performance do not work correctly when applied to data from rhythmic timing task performed at tempi slower than 30 BPM. A solution to this problem is presented in the form of a problem specific Bayesian model, which was subsequently used to calculate timing variability in Papers VI and VII. Paper VI examine the relationship between auditory working memory, sensorimotor synchronization performance, and memory capacity for rhythms. The results showed that auditory working memory and memory capacity for rhythms are related. However, the influence of memory capacity on synchronization performance showed no interaction with sequence tempo, suggesting that auditory memory does not play an integral role in rhythm perception. Paper VII showed that, when the tempo is sufficiently slow, performing rhythmic timing demands attentional resources and involvement of executive control. This result resonates with neural models of timing that suggest a dedicated timing mechanism for short intervals and a general, cognitive timing mechanism for longer intervals.
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| 8. |
- Bååth, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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An Oscillator Model of Categorical Rhythm Perception
- 2013
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Ingår i: Cooperative Minds: Social Interaction and Group Dynamics. - Austin, TX : Cognitive Science Society, Inc.. - 9780976831891 ; , s. 1803-1808
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Categorical perception is a well studied phenomenon in, for example, colour perception, phonetics and music. In this article we implement a dynamical systems model of categorical rhythm perception based on the resonance theory of rhythm perception developed by Large (2010). This model is used to simulate the categorical choices of participants in two experiments of Desain and Honing (2003). The model is able to accurately replicate the experimental data. Our results supports that resonance theory is a viable model of rhythm perception and they show that by viewing rhythm perception as a dynamical system it is possible to model properties of categorical perception.
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| 9. |
- Bååth, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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Cats and Illusory Motion
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 5:9, s. 1131-1134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first evidence that cats experience visual illusions and that a non-human animal can see illusory motion. In three videos we show cats reacting with hunting behavior when watching the Rotating Snakes illusion. This is taken to mean that cats see illusory motion in this image due to the propensity of cats to pursue movement. This is further supported by a survey where 29% of the respondents answered that their cat reacted to the illusion. A number of preferential looking experiments were also indicative of cats experiencing the illusion, but not conclusively so.
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| 10. |
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