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- Nadin, Vincent, et al.
(författare)
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COMPASS – Comparative Analysis of Territorial Governance and Spatial Planning Systems in Europe : Applied Research 2016-2018: Final Report
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of the COMPASS project was to provide an authoritative comparative report on changes in territorial governance and spatial planning systems in Europe from 2000 to 2016. This Final Report presents the main findings, conclusions and policy recommendations. The COMPASS project compares territorial governance and spatial planning in 32 European countries (the 28 EU member states plus four ESPON partner countries). COMPASS differs from previous studies in that the accent is not on a snapshot comparison of national systems, but on identifying trends in reforms from 2000 to 2016. It also seeks to give reasons for these changes with particular reference to EU directives and policies, and to identify good practices for the cross-fertilisation of spatial development policies with EU Cohesion Policy. The research is based on expert knowledge with reference wherever possible to authoritative sources. Experts with in-depth experience of each national system were appointed to contribute to the study. The research design involved primarily collection of data from the 32 countries through questionnaires and five in-depth case studies of the interaction of EU Cohesion Policy and other sectoral policies with spatial planning and territorial governance.
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| 2. |
- Böhme, Maria
(författare)
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Atopic dermatitis : clinical and epidemiological aspects in children up to four years
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a pruritic, chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease; its aetiology is presumed to be multifactorial with interactions between genetic and environmental factors. In recent decades the prevalence of AD has increased remarkably, most likely due to environmental factors in early life. While AD usually presents in the first year, few prospective cohort studies have focused on young children with AD. The present overall objective was to study, prospectively, different aspects of AD in very young children from a community birth cohort of 4089. Two hundred and twenty-one children with AD from the cohort were followed consecutively and clinically from onset of AD. At 2 years they were examined concerning Hanifin's and Rajka's criteria for AD, eczema severity and atopic sensitisation (skin prick test to foods, Phadiatop). Mild-to-moderate eczema predominated, and the majority (67%) were not sensitised. Eczema severity did not differ between sensitised and non-sensitised children. Xerosis, course influenced by environmental factors, and facial erythema, were the only signs meeting the minor criteria in more than 50% of patients, and these therefore seem the most useful in diagnosing AD at two years of age. Using annual questionnaires, we studied the cumulative incidence of AD, other atopic disease manifestations and infections in the cohort. Atopic diseases in parents and siblings and exposure to certain environmental factors were also recorded. The occurrence of serum IgE antibodies to inhalant and food allergens was analysed at 4 years of age, and AD was divided into IgE-associated AD and nonIgE-associated. Already during the first two years, there was a significant association not only between AD and other atopic disease manifestations; but also between AD and respiratory infections manifested in an increased rate of acute otitis media, pneumonia and use of antibiotics. There was a higher proportion of atopic disease manifestations, but not respiratory infections, in children with onset of AD during the first year of life than during the second. Cumulatively up to 4 years of age, 33% reportedly had AD: 27. 1 % of the children without parental atopic history, 37.9% of those with single parental atopic history and 50.0% with double parental atopic history. The effects of parental history of eczema and of atopic respiratory disease did not differ significantly, nor did those of matemal history and of paternal. Parental eczema was a risk factor for AD irrespective of its association with IgE, but parental history of atopic respiratory disease mainly increased the risk of IgE- associated. AD. The effect of three recommendations (to breast-feed exclusively for at least 4 months, and to avoid parental smoking and furred pets at home) from the Swedish national guidelines for the prevention of "allergy and atopic disease" on the development of AD up to 4 years was investigated. Even in families with double atopic heredity, 42% missed out on at least one of these three recommendations. Following the Swedish national guidelines concerning breast-feeding, smoking and furred pets at home had little effect on the cumulative incidence of AD, nor on IgE-associated AD or non-IgE-associated AD, up to 4 years of age. Since the risk factors for AD and other atopic diseases seem to differ, future studies focusing on AD are required for the development of measures for its primary prevention.
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| 5. |
- Denzer, Wolfgang, et al.
(författare)
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Nomenclatural and morphological notes on the rare agamid lizard pseudocophotis sumatrana (Hubrecht, 1879) (squamata : Agamidae: Draconinae)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. - 0217-2445. ; 69:1, s. 448-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The earless, nose-horned agamid lizard Pseudocophotis sumatrana is only represented by a few specimens in collections worldwide. We discovered a historical publication from 1855 by van der Hoeven where the species was described as Calotes nasicornis before the currently accepted original description by Hubrecht in 1879. In order to uphold nomenclatural stability, we provide proof that Calotes nasicornis is a nomen oblitum and that Pseudocophotis sumatrana is to be treated as a nomen protectum. Our investigations into historical records put the type locality on Sumatra in question and we conclude that P. sumatrana is most probably restricted to Java. Through examination of all known specimens, including the synonymised Calotes aberrans, we discuss taxonomic characters and add further details to the species diagnosis with respect to external and internal morphology. In particular by means of μ-computer-tomography we show that only the distal part of the tail is prehensile and for the first time we examine the cranial skeleton and dentition of P. sumatrana.
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| 6. |
- Frost-Karlsson, Morgan, et al.
(författare)
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Neural processing of self-touch and other-touch in anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum condition
- 2022
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier Science Ltd. - 2213-1582. ; 36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The tactile sense plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of a functional bodily self. The ability to differentiate between self-and nonself-generated touch contributes to the perception of the bodies boundaries and more generally to self-other-distinction, both of which are thought be altered in anorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum condition (AS). While it has been suggested that AN and AS are characterized by overlapping symptomatology, they might differ regarding body perception and self-other-distinction. Methods: Participants with a diagnosis of AN (n = 25), AS (n = 29), and a comparison group without diagnoses (n = 57) performed a self-other-touch task during functional brain imaging. In the experimental conditions, they stroked their own arm or were stroked on the arm by an experimenter. Results: As shown previously, the CG group showed lower activation or deactivation in response to self-touch compared to social touch from someone else. A main group effect was found in areas including somatosensory cortex, frontal and temporal gyri, insula, and subcortical regions. This was driven by increased activations in participants with AN, while participants in the AS group showed mostly comparable activations to the com-parison group. Conclusions: AN diagnosis was associated with an increased neural activity in response to both self-touch and social touch. Failure to attenuate self-touch might relate to altered predictions regarding the own body and reduced perception of bodily boundaries. Participants with an AS diagnosis were mostly comparable to the comparison group, potentially indicating unaltered tactile self-other-distinction.
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| 8. |
- Nickchen, Katharina, et al.
(författare)
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Reversal learning reveals cognitive deficits and altered prediction error encoding in the ventral striatum in Huntingtons disease
- 2017
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Ingår i: Brain Imaging and Behavior. - : SPRINGER. - 1931-7557 .- 1931-7565. ; 11:6, s. 1862-1872
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Huntingtons disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative condition characterized by a triad of movement disorder, neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive deficits. The striatum is particularly vulnerable to the effects of mutant huntingtin, and cell loss can already be found in presymptomatic stages. Since the striatum is well known for its role in reinforcement learning, we hypothesized to find altered behavioral and neural responses in HD patients in a probabilistic reinforcement learning task performed during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We studied 24 HD patients without central nervous system (CNS)-active medication and 25 healthy controls. Twenty HD patients and 24 healthy controls were able to complete the task. Computational modeling was used to calculate prediction error values and estimate individual parameters. We observed that gray matter density and prediction error signals during the learning task were related to disease stage. HD patients in advanced disease stages appear to use a less complex strategy in the reversal learning task. In contrast, HD patients in early disease stages show intact encoding of learning signals in the degenerating left ventral striatum. This effect appears to be lost with disease progression.
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