| 1. |
- Ekström, Veronica, 1975-
(författare)
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Det besvärliga våldet : Socialtjänstens stöd till kvinnor som utsatts för våld i nära relationer
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I avhandlingen analyseras hur våldsutsatta kvinnors behov tolkas, omförhandlas och anpassas för att kunna hanteras inom socialtjänstens organisation. Avhandlingens övergripande frågeställningar fokuserar på insatser och behov, betydelsen av socialtjänstens organisering och betydelsen av socialarbetarnas handlingsutrymme. Avhandlingen baseras på kvalitativa analyser av statliga propositioner, intervjuer med socialarbetare och med kvinnor som varit utsatta för våld i nära relationer. Det teoretiska ramverket bygger bland annat på Frasers (1989) teoretiska perspektiv som tar sin utgångspunkt i samhällets tolkningar av människors/gruppers behov av stöd, nyinstitutionell teori och teorier om gatubyråkrater. Avhandlingen visar att socialarbetares tolkningar är centrala aspekter av förhandlingen om hur våldsutsatta kvinnors behov och rätt till stöd ska förstås. Ett viktigt resultat i avhandlingen är att stödet till våldsutsatta kvinnor blir så pass olika. Avhandlingen ger inga svar i kvantitativa termer på hur olikheten är fördelad, men den ger exempel på hur olikheten tar sig uttryck. I kommuner där specialiseringen innebär att socialarbetarna på socialkontoret i första hand utreder behov och fattar beslut om insatser, måste det också finnas adekvata insatser att besluta om. Saknas det så erbjuds inte heller något stöd. Stödet till kvinnor som utsatts för våld i nära relationer blir också olika eftersom socialarbetare ställer olika krav eller sätter upp olika trösklar för att kvinnor ska få stöd. Avhandlingen visar att både gemensam kunskap och gemensam syn på sociala problem är centralt för att samarbetet inom den specialiserade socialtjänstens ska fungera och i längden också för vilket stöd människor kommer att erbjudas.
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| 2. |
- Brandheim, Susanne, 1965-
(författare)
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A systemic stigmatization of fat people
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this work was to develop knowledge about and awareness of fatness stigmatization from a systemic perspective. The stigmatization of fat people was located as a social problem in a second-order reality in which human fatness is observed and responded to, in turn providing it with negative meaning. Four separate studies of processes involved in this systemic stigmatization were performed.In study I, the association between weight and psychological distress was investigated. When controlling for an age-gender variable, this association was almost erased, questioning the certainty by which a higher weight in general is approached as a medical issue. In study II, the focus was on stigma internalization where negative and positive responses combined were connected to fat individuals’ distress. We found that both responses seemed to have a larger impact on fat individuals, suggesting that the embodied stigma of being fat sensitizes them to responses in general. In study III, justifications of fatness stigmatization was explored by a content analysis of a reality TV weight-loss show. The analysis showed how explicit bullying of a fat partner could be justified by animating the thin Self as violated by the fat Other, thus downplaying the evils of the bullying act in favor of highlighting the ideological value of thinness.The implications of these studies were related and seated in a context comprising a historical aversion toward the fat body, a declared obesity epidemic, a new public health ideology, a documented failure to reverse this obesity epidemic, and a market of weight-loss stakeholders who thrive on keeping the negative meanings of being fat alive. The stigmatization of fat people was intelligible from a systemic perspective, where processes of structural ignorance, internalized self-discrimination, and applied prejudice reinforce each other to form a larger stigmatizing process. In paper IV, it was argued that viewing fatness stigmatization as oppression rather than misrecognition could hold transformative keys to social change.
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| 3. |
- Näslund, Hilda, 1989-
(författare)
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Personalising service user engagement : entrepreneurs and membership organisations in the mental health sector
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- New modes of social mobilisation are emerging in the mental health sector. Member-based mental health service user organisations (MHSUOs), targeting people with lived experience of mental ill-health and occasionally their relatives, have been active in Sweden since the 1960s. Today, broader developments towards personalisation of politics are visible in the area, exemplified by the phenomenon ‘service user entrepreneurs’ (SUEs). These are individuals with lived experience of mental ill-health, channelling their engagement through businesses they have established and typically using social media to build networks around their causes.The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of service user engagement in the mental health sector, as it is expressed through collective and personalised forms of mobilisation. More specifically, I will examine the expressions of and the dynamic between member-based MHSUOs and network-based SUEs.The thesis consists of four sub-studies: Study I is an international narrative literature review that analyses the role of and challenges facing MHSUOs. Study II is a document study focused on mapping Swedish MHSUOs in relation to their activities and relationships. Through case study methodology, study III examines the communication of SUEs, specifically attending to how they establish authority. Based on interviews with SUEs and representatives of MHSUOs, study IV explores how these groups regard the role of experiential knowledge for their endeavours.In the thesis I discuss how professionalisation and hybridisation processes are seen in Swedish MHSUOs. These organisations engage in advocacy but also educational activities, and provide experiential knowledge as a service to external actors. MHSUOs typically have close collaborations with public authorities. Such collaborations have political potential, by giving service user groups the ability to contribute to policy development. However, there are also associated risks of tokenism and co-optation. Maintaining and investing in more autonomous spaces to meet and develop alternative perspectives, would be a strategy for MHSUOs to protect their independence. I further discuss how the emergence of SUEs is typical of broader trends in social mobilisation towards the use of social media and a focus on personal narratives. The phenomenon SUE distinctively illustrates a broader social surge for publicised accounts of vulnerability that can be capitalised on. The analysis identifies personal narratives, mobilisation of collectives and institutional perspectives as sources of authority drawn upon in the SUEs’ communication.Furthermore, the results show that SUEs and MHSUOs have witnessed increased demand for their experiential knowledge. Experiential knowledge can be articulated through personal narratives of individual experience, but also as a form of knowledge that originates in collectively deliberated experiences. These different articulations have distinct political potential. However, it is important to clarify what kind of experiential knowledge and representativeness that is required in different arenas.
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| 4. |
- Sinare, Hanna, 1985-
(författare)
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Benefits from ecosystem services in Sahelian village landscapes
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rural people in the Sahel derive multiple benefits from local ecosystem services on a daily basis. At the same time, a large proportion of the population lives in multidimensional poverty. The global sustainability challenge is thus manifested in its one extreme here, with a strong need to improve human well-being without degrading the landscapes that people depend on. To address this challenge, knowledge on how local people interact with their landscapes, and how this changes over time, must be improved. An ecosystem services approach, focusing on benefits to people from ecosystem processes, is useful in this context. However, methods for assessing ecosystem services that include local knowledge while addressing a scale relevant for development interventions are lacking.In this thesis, such methods are developed to study Sahelian landscapes through an ecosystem services lens. The thesis is focused on village landscapes and is based on in-depth fieldwork in six villages in northern Burkina Faso. In these villages, participatory methods were used to identify social-ecological patches (landscape units that correspond with local descriptions of landscapes, characterized by a combination of land use, land cover and topography), the provisioning ecosystem services generated in each social-ecological patch, and the benefits from ecosystem services to livelihoods (Paper I). In Paper II, change in cover of social-ecological patches mapped on aerial photographs and satellite images from the period 1952-2016 was combined with population data and focus group discussions to evaluate change in generation of ecosystem services over time. In Paper III, up-scaling of the village scale assessment to provincial scale was done through the development of a classification method to identify social-ecological patches on medium-resolution satellite images. Paper IV addresses the whole Sudano-Sahelian climate zone of West Africa, to analyze woody vegetation as a key component for ecosystem services generation in the landscape. It is based on a systematic review of which provisioning and regulating ecosystem services are documented from trees and shrubs on agricultural lands in the region.Social-ecological patches and associated sets of ecosystem services are very similar in all studied villages across the two regions. Most social-ecological patches generate multiple ecosystem services with multiple benefits, illustrating a multifunctional landscape (Paper I). The social-ecological patches and ecosystem services are confirmed at province level in both regions, and the dominant social-ecological patches can be mapped with high accuracy on medium-resolution satellite images (Paper III). The potential generation of cultivated crops has more or less kept up with population growth in the villages, while the potential for other ecosystem services, particularly firewood, has decreased per capita (Paper II). Trees and shrubs contribute with multiple ecosystem services, but their landscape effects, especially on regulating ecosystem services, must be better studied (Paper IV). The thesis provides new insights about the complex and multi-functional landscapes of rural Sahel, nuancing dominating narratives on environmental change in the region. It also provides new methods that include local knowledge in ecosystem services assessments, which can be up-scaled to scales relevant for development interventions, and used to analyze changes in ecosystem services over time.
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| 5. |
- Söderberg, Christina, 1962-
(författare)
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Att skapa mening i en komplex praktik : Föreställningar om brottspreventiva samverkansformer mellan omsorg och kontroll
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with individual-oriented crime prevention interaction (ICPI) aimed at young people who commit - or are deemed to be at risk of committing - offences. Youth crime prevention is always topical, and a great deal of attention has been paid to such initiatives in recent years. One point of departure is that crime prevention practices are influenced by prevailing political ideologies. Another is that forms of interaction result in tension between care and control.Given the above points of departure, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate further how perceptions of individual-oriented crime prevention interaction are expressed in narratives, primarily from representatives of interacting organisations.The following questions have provided guidance for the study:How are individual-oriented crime prevention interaction and young people subject to ICPI described in local interaction practice?How do interacting representatives describe the criteria and difficulties in establishing interaction practice such as ICPI?How can interaction meetings take place in the practice of ICPI, and what importance do they have?To what extent – and how – is the tension between care and control expressed in local interaction practice?Particular interest is focused on the role of social services in ICPI and potential implications for social services and individual social workers.The theoretical framework consists of new institutional theory and the concept of human service organisations, Stanley Cohen’s theory of social control and Karl E. Weick’s theory of sense-making.This is a qualitative study, and the methods used involve group and individual interviews with representatives from interacting organisations, as well as individual interviews with a number of young people and their guardians. Observations from interaction meetings in respect of ICPI have also taken place.Face-to-face interaction meetings have served as a point of departure for the presentation of results in this thesis; and as regards meetings, earlier research indicates that meetings are important for interaction, but that they do not always fulfil the intended purpose. The thesis further develops arguments about meetings (the magic of meetings) and analyses how consensus, but also tensions, are expressed in ICPI meetings.ICPI, like other interaction, is a complex interaction practice and it can be difficult to perceive specific results. This study confirms the difficulties, but also provides a developed perspective and an attempt to understand the driving force behind the obvious desire to meet the demands for local youth crime initiatives through interaction. Shared sense is made in ICPI through the willingness of stakeholders and representatives to make a difference for young people and families, but also through the organisations’ pursuit of legitimacy.In the study, the relationship between care and control, sometimes manifested in tensions, becomes important. The tension between care and control is a dynamic relationship that occurs both within and between institutions. A care-based control logic is identified as a common logic emerging in ICPI. The creation of a common logic may even lead to institutionalisation of the forms of interaction, where ICPI has a tendency to become an institution in itself, with a common language and a common logic.
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| 6. |
- Söderberg, Christina
(författare)
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Individriktad brottsprevention : om SSPF och viljan att samverka
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna licentiatuppsats behandlar brottspreventiv samverkan på individnivå, vilket är ett relativt nytt fenomen i Sverige och Skandinavien. Ett specifikt arbetssätt, samverkan mellan skola, socialtjänst, polis och fritidssektor – SSPF – undersöks i studien och övergripande studeras hur idén om brottspreventiv samverkan i form av SSPF konstrueras och motiveras, hur den tolkas och omtolkas av samverkansparterna samt hur den omsätts i praktik.Det mer specifika syftet med studien är att undersöka brottspreventiv samverkan på individnivå som idé och praktik. Tre olika fokus eller aspekter på detta belyses: policy/struktur; organisation/profession och praktik/familj.De frågeställningar som besvaras i studien och som är kopplade till ovanstående fokusområden är följande: Hur har denna form av samverkan runt unga växt fram och hur motiveras den? Hur ser de organisatoriska förutsättningarna ut och hur upplevs SSPF av samverkansparterna? Slutligen hur interagerar företrädare för samhällets institutioner/ de professionella med familjen?Tre kommuner ingår i undersökningen. Empiriskt material har samlats in genom dokumentstudie, intervjuer i grupp och enskilt med samverkansparterna i de tre kommunerna, genom observationer vid SSPF-möten samt genom en enkät som gick ut till 30 kommuner och stadsdelar i Sverige.Resultaten visar att en koppling finns mellan den allmänna samhällsutvecklingen i stort och brottspreventionens utveckling. Allmänt kan sägas att talet om brottsprevention idag handlar allt mindre om strukturella förklaringar och åtgärder. I stället talas alltmer om kontroll och effektivitet, vilket bland annat innebär tidiga upptäckter och snabba insatser. För att lyckas med detta behöver samverkan komma till stånd. Resultaten visar också att polisens roll i individriktad prevention har blivit viktigare och framträder som den tydligaste aktören i SSPFsamverkan.Gällande förutsättningarna för SSPF-arbetet visar studien att såväl organisatoriska förutsättningar som exempelvis stabilitet i organisationer och implementeringsmöjligheter, som möjligheter till informationsutbyte på individnivå mellan parterna spelar stor roll för arbetet. De professionella bildar allians där den gemensamma bilden av den unge skapar mening. En spänning mellan stöd och kontroll blir synlig i SSPF-arbetet, likväl som en sorts likriktning, där poliser agerar socialarbetare och socialtjänsten talar om mer kontroll. Allians bildas också mellan professionella och föräldrar, vilket främst syftar till ökad kontroll runt den unge, men också till att stärka stödet till den unges föräldrar. De professionellas strävan efter ett nytt sätt att arbeta för att göra det bättre för målgruppen blir trots allt tydligt i studien.
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