| 1. |
- Ytreberg, Agnes, et al.
(författare)
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God havsmiljö 2020 : Marin strategi för Nordsjön och Östersjön Del 3: Övervakningsprogram
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Havsmiljöförordningens övergripande mål är att upprätthålla eller uppnå en god miljöstatus i de svenska förvaltningsområdena Nordsjön och Östersjön till år 2020. En av uppgifterna i den första förvaltningsperioden är att fastställa övervakningsprogram.God miljöstatus baseras på ett ramverk av så kallade deskriptorer som anges i havsmiljödirektivet, det vill säga det EU-direktiv som i Sverige genomförs genom havsmiljöförordningen. Deskriptorerna beskriver god miljöstatus på en övergripande nivå för elva temaområden. Till varje deskriptor hör en rad kriterier som anger vad som ska ingå i en bedömning av miljöstatus. Utifrån de elva deskriptorerna har Sverige fastställt 13 övervakningsprogram. Sex program utgår ifrån olika biodiversitetsteman som berörs av en upp till tre deskriptorer, medan de övriga sju programmen utgår ifrån de deskriptorer som är mer inriktade mot belastning och miljöförändring.För varje program har ett antal underprogram föreslagits baserat på den nuvarande övervakningen och/eller planerad övervakning. Övervakning som ingår i programmen ska vara pågående och data ska vara tillgängliga. I programmen ingår nationell och regional miljöövervakning inklusive verksamhetsutövares recipientkontroll. Dessutom ingår annan typ av datainsamling som till exempel inventeringar av tumlare och uppgifter om omfattningen av mänskliga aktiviteter som orsakar belastning och miljöförändringar. Enligt havsmiljödirektivet ska övervakningen fånga upp tillstånd och miljöförändringar, belastning och omfattning av aktiviteterna som orsakar belastningen samt effekter av åtgärder. Eftersom nästa steg i havsförvaltningscykeln är att fastställa åtgärdsprogram kommer övervakning för att följa upp åtgärder att läggas till övervakningsprogrammen först under nästa förvaltningscykel.I beskrivningarna av programmen framgår hur den nuvarande övervakningen motsvarar de krav som ställs på dataunderlag genom havsmiljödirektivets bilaga III samt genom deskriptorer, kriterier, indikatorer och beslutade miljökvalitetsnormer. I dagens övervakning saknas bland annat tillräcklig övervakning för uppföljning av livsmiljöers tillstånd och utbredning. För marint avfall, buller och främmande arter saknas nationellt samordnad övervakning, men det görs regionala insatser och ett antal projekt har genomförts eller påbörjats för att öka kunskapen om hur övervakning bäst ska utformas. För de program som har pågående övervakning beskrivs utvecklingsbehoven för att förbättra underlaget för de återkommande tillståndsbedömningarna.Övervakningsprogrammet som fastställs under 2014 utgör således inte ett fast program för kunskapsinhämtning. Bristerna kommer att beaktas i det fortsatta genomförandet av havsmiljöförordningen där utveckling av indikatorer och övervakning kommer att ske kontinuerligt.
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| 2. |
- Bergström, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of no-take zones in Swedish waters
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly established worldwide to protect and restore degraded ecosystems. However, the level of protection varies among MPAs and has been found to affect the outcome of the closure. In no-take zones (NTZs), no fishing or extraction of marine organisms is allowed. The EU Commission recently committed to protect 30% of European waters by 2030 through the updated Biodiversity Strategy. Importantly, one third of these 30% should be of strict protection. Exactly what is meant by strict protection is not entirely clear, but fishing would likely have to be fully or largely prohibited in these areas. This new target for strictly protected areas highlights the need to evaluate the ecological effects of NTZs, particularly in regions like northern Europe where such evaluations are scarce. The Swedish NTZs made up approximately two thirds of the total areal extent of NTZs in Europe a decade ago. Given that these areas have been closed for at least 10 years and can provide insights into long-term effects of NTZs on fish and ecosystems, they are of broad interest in light of the new 10% strict protection by 2030 commitment by EU member states.In total, eight NTZs in Swedish coastal and offshore waters were evaluated in the current report, with respect to primarily the responses of focal species for the conservation measure, but in some of the areas also ecosystem responses. Five of the NTZs were established in 2009-2011, as part of a government commission, while the other three had been established earlier. The results of the evaluations are presented in a synthesis and also in separate, more detailed chapters for each of the eight NTZs. Overall, the results suggest that NTZs can increase abundances and biomasses of fish and decapod crustaceans, given that the closed areas are strategically placed and of an appropriate size in relation to the life cycle of the focal species. A meta-regression of the effects on focal species of the NTZs showed that CPUE was on average 2.6 times higher after three years of protection, and 3.8 times higher than in the fished reference areas after six years of protection. The proportion of old and large individuals increased in most NTZs, and thereby also the reproductive potential of populations. The increase in abundance of large predatory fish also likely contributed to restoring ecosystem functions, such as top-down control. These effects appeared after a 5-year period and in many cases remained and continued to increase in the longer term (>10 years). In the two areas where cod was the focal species of the NTZs, positive responses were weak, likely as an effect of long-term past, and in the Kattegat still present, recruitment overfishing. In the Baltic Sea, predation by grey seal and cormorant was in some cases so high that it likely counteracted the positive effects of removing fisheries and led to stock declines in the NTZs. In most cases, the introduction of the NTZs has likely decreased the total fishing effort rather than displacing it to adjacent areas. In the Kattegat NTZ, however, the purpose was explicitly to displace an unselective coastal mixed bottom-trawl fishery targeting Norway lobster and flatfish to areas where the bycatches of mature cod were smaller. In two areas that were reopened to fishing after 5 years, the positive effects of the NTZs on fish stocks eroded quickly to pre-closure levels despite that the areas remained closed during the spawning period, highlighting that permanent closures may be necessary to maintain positive effects.We conclude from the Swedish case studies that NTZs may well function as a complement to other fisheries management measures, such as catch, effort and gear regulations. The experiences from the current evaluation show that NTZs can be an important tool for fisheries management especially for local coastal fish populations and areas with mixed fisheries, as well as in cases where there is a need to counteract adverse ecosystem effects of fishing. NTZs are also needed as reference for marine environmental management, and for understanding the effects of fishing on fish populations and other ecosystem components in relation to other pressures. MPAs where the protection of both fish and their habitats is combined may be an important instrument for ecosystembased management, where the recovery of large predatory fish may lead to a restoration of important ecosystem functions and contribute to improving decayed habitats.With the new Biodiversity Strategy, EUs level of ambition for marine conservation increases significantly, with the goal of 30% of coastal and marine waters protected by 2030, and, importantly, one third of these areas being strictly protected. From a conservation perspective, rare, sensitive and/or charismatic species or habitats are often in focus when designating MPAs, and displacement of fisheries is then considered an unwanted side effect. However, if the establishment of strictly protected areas also aims to rebuild fish stocks, these MPAs should be placed in heavily fished areas and designed to protect depleted populations by accounting for their home ranges to generate positive outcomes. Thus, extensive displacement of fisheries is required to reach benefits for depleted populations, and need to be accounted for e.g. by specific regulations outside the strictly protected areas. These new extensive EU goals for MPA establishment pose a challenge for management, but at the same time offer an opportunity to bridge the current gap between conservation and fisheries management.
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| 3. |
- Börjesson, Git, et al.
(författare)
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Att undersöka möjligheter till ämnesdidaktisk progression
- 2019
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Ingår i: Vetenskaplighet i högre utbildning - Erfarenheter från lärarutbildningen. Franck, Olof (red.). - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144130637 ; , s. 157-178
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I lärarutbildningen finns sedan lång tid tillbaka ett speciellt intresse för vilka professionella kunskaper en lärare bör ha för att undervisa inom ett ämnesområde, det vill säga vilken ämnesdidaktisk kompetens som krävs för att bedriva undervisning. Det finns i lärarutbildningen också, på samma sätt som i andra utbildningar , ett intresse för progression av lärandet. Progression kan beskrivas som det sätt som lärandet tar sig uttryck, det vill säga ett bevis för resultatet av lärandet hos individer. Det finns forskning när det gäller progression i relation till så väl individens lärande som vad ämnesdidaktisk kunskap och lärande är, och hur det kan tolkas och iscensättas i olika utbildningssammanhang. Trots det så saknas det forskning som kombinerar dessa båda delar, ämnesdidaktiska kunskaper och ämnesdidaktisk progression inom lärarutbildningens kurser. Vi har genom att använda kollegiala samtal försökt synliggöra vad, varför och hur ämnesdidaktik framträder i lärarprogrammets kurser i narurvetenskap och teknik och om, och i så fall hur, ämnesdidaktisk progression kommer till uttryck. Arbetet har inneburit att vi som lärarutbildare och forskare har utvecklat en större förståelse för det ämnesdidaktiska innehållet samt synliggjort möjligheter för kursutveckling relativt en tanke om ämnesdidaktisk progression.
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| 4. |
- Dyrager, Christine, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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2,6,8-Trisubstituted 3-hydroxychromone derivatives as fluorophores for live-cell imaging.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). - : Wiley. - 1521-3765 .- 0947-6539. ; 15:37, s. 9417-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the synthesis and photophysical characterisation of a series of structurally diverse, fluorescent 2,6,8-trisubstituted 3-hydroxychromone derivatives with high fluorescence quantum yields and molar extinction coefficients. Two of these derivatives (9 and 10 a) have been studied as fluorophores for cellular imaging in HeLa cells and show excellent permeability and promising fluorescence properties in a cellular environment. In addition, we have demonstrated by photophysical characterisation of 3-isobutyroxychromone derivatives that esterification of the 3-hydroxyl group results in acceptable and useful fluorescence properties.
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| 5. |
- Egervärn, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Escherichia coli with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases or transferable AmpC beta-lactamases and Salmonella on meat imported into Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Food Microbiology. - : Elsevier. - 0168-1605 .- 1879-3460. ; 171, s. 8-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) or transferable AmpC beta-lactamases (pAmpC) is increasingly being reported in humans and animals world-wide. Their occurrence in food-producing animals suggests that meat is a possible link between the two populations. This study investigated the occurrence and characteristics of Salmonella and ESBL- or pAmpC-producing E. coli in 430 samples of beef, pork and broiler meat imported into Sweden, in order to provide data required for assessing the potential public health risk of these bacteria in food. Depending on region of origin, ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli were found in 0-8% of beef samples, 2-13% of pork samples and 15-95% of broiler meat samples. The highest prevalence was in South American broiler meat (95%), followed by broiler meat from Europe (excluding Denmark) (61%) and from Denmark (15%). Isolates from meat outside Scandinavia were generally defined as multiresistant. A majority of the ESBL/pAmpC genes were transferable by conjugation. Bla(CTX-M-2) and bla(CTX-M-8) were the dominant genes in E. coli from South American broiler meat, whereas bla(CMY-2) and bla(CTX-M-1) dominated in European meat. The majority of bla(CMY-2) and bla(CTX-M-1) were situated on plasmids of replicon type incK and incI1, respectively. The same combinations of ESBL/pAmpC genes and plasmids have been described previously in clinical human isolates. Salmonella was found in five samples tested, from European pork and broiler meat. No Salmonella isolate was resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. In conclusion, meat imported into Sweden, broiler meat in particular, is a potential source of human exposure to ESBL- and pAmpC-producing E. coli.
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| 6. |
- Egervärn, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Unexpected common occurrence of transferable extended spectrum cephalosporinase-producing Escherichia coli in Swedish surface waters used for drinking water supply
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 587-588, s. 466-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) or transferable AmpC beta-lactamases (pAmpC) is increasingly being reported in humans, food-producing animals and food world-wide. However, the occurrence and impact of these so-called extended spectrum cephalosporinase (ESC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in aquatic environments are poorly documented. This study investigated the occurrence, concentrations and characteristics of ESC-producing E. coli (ESC-Ec) in samples of surface water collected at five Swedish water treatment plants that normally have relatively high prevalence and concentration of E. coli in surface water. ESC-Ec was found in 27 of 98 surface water samples analysed. All but two positive samples were collected at two of the water treatment plants studied. The ESC-Ec concentration, 1-3cfu/100mL, represented approximately 4% of the total amount of E. coli in the respective surface water sample. In total, 74% of the isolates were multi-resistant, but no isolate was resistant to carbapenems. Six types of ESBL/pAmpC genes were found in the 27 E. coli isolates obtained from the positive samples, of which four (blaCTX-M-15, blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-14) were found during the whole sampling period, in samples taken at more than one water treatment plant. In addition, the genes were situated on various types of plasmids and most E. coli isolates were not closely related with regard to MLST types. The combinations of ESBL/pAmpC genes, plasmids and E. coli isolates were generally similar to those found previously in healthy and sick individuals in Sweden. In conclusion, the occurrence of ESC-Ec in Swedish surface water shows that resistant bacteria of clinical concern are present in aquatic environments even in a low-prevalence country such as Sweden.
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| 7. |
- Sidibeh, Cherno O., et al.
(författare)
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Role of cannabinoid receptor 1 in human adipose tissue for lipolysis regulation and insulin resistance
- 2017
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Ingår i: Endocrine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1355-008X .- 1559-0100. ; 55:3, s. 839-852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We recently showed that the peripheral cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CNR1) gene is upregulated by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. CNR1 is highly expressed in the central nervous system and has been a drug target for the treatment of obesity. Here we explore the role of peripheral CNR1 in states of insulin resistance in human adipose tissue. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from well-controlled type 2 diabetes subjects and controls. Subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression levels of CNR1 and endocannabinoid synthesizing and degrading enzymes were assessed. Furthermore, paired human subcutaneous adipose tissue and omental adipose tissue from non-diabetic volunteers undergoing kidney donation or bariatric surgery, was incubated with or without dexamethasone. Subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained from volunteers through needle biopsy was incubated with or without dexamethasone and in the presence or absence of the CNR1-specific antagonist AM281. CNR1 gene and protein expression, lipolysis and glucose uptake were evaluated. Subcutaneous adipose tissue CNR1 gene expression levels were 2-fold elevated in type 2 diabetes subjects compared with control subjects. Additionally, gene expression levels of CNR1 and endocannabinoid-regulating enzymes from both groups correlated with markers of insulin resistance. Dexamethasone increased CNR1 expression dose-dependently in subcutaneous adipose tissue and omental adipose tissue by up to 25-fold. Dexamethasone pre-treatment of subcutaneous adipose tissue increased lipolysis rate and reduced glucose uptake. Co-incubation with the CNR1 antagonist AM281 prevented the stimulatory effect on lipolysis, but had no effect on glucose uptake. CNR1 is upregulated in states of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Furthermore, CNR1 is involved in glucocorticoid-regulated lipolysis. Peripheral CNR1 could be an interesting drug target in type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia.
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| 8. |
- Svensson, Maria, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Opportunities for progression in subject-matter didactics
- 2019
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Ingår i: Konferenspresentation på NOFA 7, Stockholms universitet, 13-15 maj, 2019.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The professional skills that teachers need when teaching a specific subject has for a long time been of interest and relevance for teacher education. In the teacher education at the University of Gothenburg, this is referred to as subject-matter didactics inspired by both the European tradition and US-inspired Pedagogical Content Knowledge. Another important issue in teacher education, as well as in other educational contexts, is the interest in progression of learning. Progression can be described in different ways, one a matter of individual learning, another, a matter of the extent to which various aspects of the curriculum connect. Research about progression exists, and so does research on what subject-matter didactics knowledge is, and how it can be interpreted and integrated in different educational contexts. However, research investigating the progression of subject-matter didactics knowledge in teacher education is rare. To address this gap, the following research question was formulated: How can progression in subject-matter didactics of science and technology be described in teacher education courses? In an exploratory phase we approached both issues inductively by analysing theories that reflect different perspectives on subject didactic in line with our research question. The study departs in an investigation of our own teaching in the teacher education to thus gather empirical evidence of what, why and how subject-matter didactics appears in courses in the programme, and if and how progression is expressed. The empirical material consists of several observations of lessons and course document analyses directed toward student teachers in primary school teacher programmes inspired and supported by tools previously developed by other researchers in various educational contexts. The results show indications of progression in subject-matter didactics in the courses that links to certain tasks in the courses where students plan, implement and analyse teaching, as well as analyse pupils’ learning. The result also point to tasks with no clear or implicit progression that nevertheless can be interpreted as opportunities to strengthen progression in and between courses and tasks. Examples of such implicit opportunities that were identified are tasks that aim to develop systems-thinking in the subject areas and tasks that engage students in conceptual understanding. The question is whether the teaching we currently have in teacher education, explicitly emphasis subject-matter didactics or if it is something that we take for granted as teacher educators, invisible to students but assumed implied by our teaching.
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| 9. |
- Xylia, Maria
(författare)
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Towards electrified public bus transport : The case of Stockholm
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis addresses the challenge of road transport electrification using a systems approach for the particular context of Stockholm’s public transport system. The objective is to identify the benefits of large-scale bus electrification on energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the cost and planning considerations required for achieving such a shift. Quantitative and qualitative methods are deployed for answering the research questions, including the development and use of an optimisation model, survey research, and interviews. The results of the optimisation model developed for this thesis show that an optimal system configuration is obtained with a combination of electricity and biodiesel. The high energy efficiency of electric buses would lead to a significant reduction of energy consumption in Stockholm, even if not all bus routes in the network are electrified. Although larger battery capacities could support the electrification of more bus routes, this does not necessarily lead to lower environmental impact. In any case, electricity from renewable sources should be used to maximise emission reductions. The results also show that the annual costs necessary to invest in electric buses can be balanced by lower fuel costs. An effective utilisation of the charging infrastructure is of high priority in order to justify the costs of the required investments. The model results confirm the benefits of creating a dense initial network of charging stations in the inner city’s public transport hubs, which would facilitate the electrification of multiple routes and high infrastructure utilisation at lower costs. The survey and interviews with stakeholders indicate that multiple issues affect the choice of charging technology, not just costs. Compatibility, reliability, bus dwell time, as well as weather conditions and visual impact are some of the additional aspects taken into account. The introduction of electricity tax exemption for electric buses, the expansion of the electric bus premium to include private stakeholders, as well as the expansion of infrastructure investment subsidy programmes are among the policy instruments suggested for assisting a faster introduction of electric buses into Stockholm’s public transport system. Although the focus is on Stockholm, the conclusions of this work can be applicable to other cities in Sweden and around the world, which also face the challenge of making public transport a more sustainable option.
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| 10. |
- Åström, Maria, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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OPPORTUNITIES FOR PROGRESSION IN SUBJECT-MATTER DIDACTICS
- 2019
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Ingår i: Conference proceedings ESERA 2019 13 th ConferenCe | 26th-30th August 2019.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Teacher education research has a special interest in which professional knowledge teachers should have in order to teach a subject area, that is, which is the subject didactic competence required to conduct teaching. The science education part is short and comprised in the Swedish teacher education program for primary schools, which is challenging. This has also an impact on the students’ progression of learning. Progression can be described as the way in which learning is expressed, that is, evidence of the outcome of learning in individuals. This study concerns research on progression in relation to learning and in terms of subject didactic knowledge, how it is interpreted and staged in primary science context. We have found no research that combines these two parts subject didactic knowledge and progression in teacher education. By using peer conversations as a basis, together with text analysis (course documents) and collaborate classroom observations we have tried to make visible what, why and how subject didactics appears in the teacher program courses in science and technology and if and how, progression is expressed. The work has meant that we, as teacher educators and researchers, have developed a greater understanding of the subject didactic content and visualized course development opportunities relative to a thought about progression.
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