| 1. |
- Windahl, Sara H, 1971, et al.
(författare)
-
Reduced bone mass and muscle strength in male 5α-reductase type 1 inactivated mice.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Androgens are important regulators of bone mass but the relative importance of testosterone (T) versus dihydrotestosterone (DHT) for the activation of the androgen receptor (AR) in bone is unknown. 5α-reductase is responsible for the irreversible conversion of T to the more potent AR activator DHT. There are two well established isoenzymes of 5α-reductase (type 1 and type 2), encoded by separate genes (Srd5a1 and Srd5a2). 5α-reductase type 2 is predominantly expressed in male reproductive tissues whereas 5α-reductase type 1 is highly expressed in liver and moderately expressed in several other tissues including bone. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of 5α-reductase type 1 for bone mass using Srd5a1⁻/⁻ mice. Four-month-old male Srd5a1⁻/⁻ mice had reduced trabecular bone mineral density (-36%, p<0.05) and cortical bone mineral content (-15%, p<0.05) but unchanged serum androgen levels compared with wild type (WT) mice. The cortical bone dimensions were reduced in the male Srd5a1⁻/⁻ mice as a result of a reduced cortical periosteal circumference compared with WT mice. T treatment increased the cortical periosteal circumference (p<0.05) in orchidectomized WT mice but not in orchidectomized Srd5a1⁻/⁻ mice. Male Srd5a1⁻/⁻ mice demonstrated a reduced forelimb muscle grip strength compared with WT mice (p<0.05). Female Srd5a1⁻/⁻ mice had slightly increased cortical bone mass associated with elevated circulating levels of androgens. In conclusion, 5α-reductase type 1 inactivated male mice have reduced bone mass and forelimb muscle grip strength and we propose that these effects are due to lack of 5α-reductase type 1 expression in bone and muscle. In contrast, the increased cortical bone mass in female Srd5a1⁻/⁻ mice, is an indirect effect mediated by elevated circulating androgen levels.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Berglund, Henrik, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
CBIs studie om innovationsledning
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- CBI har under andra halvåret 2010 och första halvåret 2011 genomfört en studie av innovationsledning hos 38 utvalda svenska företag inom tillverkning, IT och Telekom. Syftet var att undersöka hur företagen leder och organiserar innovation samt vilka utmaningar de står inför. Frågorna har besvarats av antingen VD eller en medlem i ledningsgruppen med insyn i företagets hantering av innovation.Resultatet visar att -de flesta företagen inte skiljer på radikal och inkrementell innovation-i många företag används ordet innovation för all produkt- och tjänsteutveckling-de flesta företag ser en ökning av innovationstakten inom sin respektive bransch-de flesta företag uttrycker att innovation är viktigt, samtidigt som få företag har innovationsfrågor bland sina tre största utmaningar-hälften av företagen använder någon form av rutin för att stärka sin förmåga att skapa nya produkter och tjänster, men endast ett fåtal använder flera olika rutiner-förstainnovationsföretagen (mindre, relativt nystartade företag) skiljer sig från de övriga i det att de är starkt innovationscentrerade-många företag välkomnar stöd från akademin, men endast ett fåtal önskar stöd att öka sin innovationsförmågaCBIs samtliga seniora forskare har genomfört intervjuerna.
|
|
| 4. |
- Björkdahl, Joakim, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing firm capabilities for innovation.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Knowledge Management Studies. - 1743-8276 .- 1743-8268. ; 1:1/2, s. 171-184
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 5. |
- Björkdahl, Joakim, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Organizational climate and capabilities for innovation: a study of nine forest-based Nordic manufacturing firms
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 26:5, s. 488-500
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest-based manufacturing firms are currently under pressure to achieve higher margins and increased profits. Many firms have tried to maintain profits by cutting costs, however, the effects of this, in markets suffering from overcapacity and declining demand, are temporary. Instead, innovation is seen as being the key to firm growth and sustained profit. This article presents a study of nine large Nordic (Swedish and Norwegian) forest-based manufacturing firms, with operations ranging from pulp and paper chemicals, pulp production, packaging boards, packaging paper, and specialty paper to food processing and packaging solutions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prerequisites for innovation at firm level in terms of firms' organizational climate and capabilities for innovation, and how these firms could improve their innovation processes. The paper draws on data from a collaborative research project that includes these nine firms, derived from interviews and questionnaires. The results show that forest-based firms are creative and have the potential to be innovative. However, the capabilities for innovation, that is the capabilities to do things differently and to exploit ideas, differ among firms. The study highlights two capabilities that may be obvious but are critical for innovation - management willingness and awareness, and the implementation of a strategy for innovation - and that the potential exists for increased output through appropriate managerial action. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.
|
|
| 6. |
- Börjesson, Anna E, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of estrogen receptor-alpha in growth plate cartilage for longitudinal bone growth.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of bone and mineral research. - : Wiley. - 1523-4681 .- 0884-0431. ; 25:12, s. 2414-24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estrogens enhance skeletal growth during early sexual maturation while high estradiol levels during late puberty result in growth plate fusion in humans. Although the growth plates do not fuse directly after sexual maturation in rodents, a reduction in growth plate height is seen by treatment with a high dose of estradiol. It is unknown whether the effects of estrogens on skeletal growth are mediated directly via estrogen receptors (ERs) in growth plate cartilage and/or indirectly via other mechanisms such as the GH/IGF-I axis. To determine the role of ERalpha in growth plate cartilage for skeletal growth, we developed a mouse model with cartilage-specific inactivation of ERalpha. Although mice with total ERalpha inactivation displayed affected longitudinal bone growth associated with alterations in the GH/IGF-I axis, the skeletal growth was normal during sexual maturation in mice with cartilage-specific ERalpha inactivation. High dose estradiol treatment of adult mice reduced the growth plate height as a consequence of attenuated proliferation of growth plate chondrocytes in control mice but not in cartilage-specific ERalpha(-/-) mice. Adult cartilage-specific ERalpha(-/-) mice continued to grow after four months of age while growth was limited in control mice, resulting in increased femur length in one-year-old cartilage-specific ERalpha(-/-) mice compared with control mice. We conclude that during early sexual maturation ERalpha in growth plate cartilage is not important for skeletal growth. In contrast, it is essential for high dose estradiol to reduce the growth plate height in adult mice and for reduction of longitudinal bone growth in elderly mice. (c) 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Börjesson, Sofia, 1964
(författare)
-
An Analysis of two Approaches to Improvement in the Engineeirng Industry. Comments on FMS and ABC/ABM
- 1997
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation deals with two areas of improvement found in the engineering industry during the last 10 years: (1) Work design in advanced manufacturing systems; and (2) New approaches to systems control - ABC and ABM. The dissertation presents an analysis of the two areas along with their intrinsic potential and prospects. The disseration consists of five appended papers, Papers I-V; and a summarizing and reflective part, Thesis summary and synthesis. In the first area, the research questions treated are primarily related to analyses of potential consequences from implementing FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System). Specific attention is given to the impact on autonomy - possibilities and constraints - and the subsequent influence on possible forms of work design. In the second area, the research questions treated are rather explorative since the subject (ABC and ABM) is emerging. Comprehensively, the results of the overall research work, i.e., associated to the two objectives described above, show that there is a great deal of enthusiastic rhetoric but limited empirical evidence that confirms the concepts´ claimed potentials, i.e. the benefits from FMS or from ABC and ABM. My own conducted research - case analysis - showed that in both areas there was a rather uncritical adoption of FMS and ABC/ABM. Furthermore, also among researchers, there was rather uncritical adoption of FMS as a "problem solver", as to ABC/ABM, maybe somewhat less uncritical adoption. In both cases, several research studies had designs that sort of confirmed the benefits of either FMS or ABC/ABM. It is argued that the two areas for improvements may be viewed as expert-driven design, are rather planning-heavy, and thereby constitute "programmatic change" approaches. The limited results from implementation of both FMS and ABC/ABM may be explained by that they are following an inadequate logic of change.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
