| 1. |
- Burgi, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Processes and driving forces in changing cultural landscapes across Europe
- 2017
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Ingår i: Landscape Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-2973 .- 1572-9761. ; 32:11, s. 2097-2112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ContextCultural landscapes evolve over time. However, the rate and direction of change might not be in line with societal needs and more information on the forces driving these changes are therefore needed.ObjectivesFilling the gap between single case studies and meta-analyses, we present a comparative study of landscape changes and their driving forces based in six regions across Europe conducted using a consistent method.MethodsA LULC analysis based on historical and contemporary maps from the nineteenth and twentieth century was combined with oral history interviews to learn more about perceived landscape changes, and remembered driving forces. Land cover and landscape changes were analysed regarding change, conversions and processes. For all case study areas, narratives on mapped land cover change, perceived landscape changes and driving forces were compiled.ResultsDespite a very high diversity in extent, direction and rates of change, a few dominant processes and widespread factors driving the changes could be identified in the six case study areas, i.e. access and infrastructure, political shifts, labor market, technological innovations, and for the more recent period climate change.ConclusionsGrasping peoples’ perception supplements the analyses of mapped land use and land cover changes and allows to address perceived landscape changes. The list of driving forces determined to be most relevant shows clear limits in predictability: Whereas changes triggered by infrastructural developments might be comparatively easy to model, political developments cannot be foreseen but might, nevertheless, leave major marks in the landscape.
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| 2. |
- Plieninger, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring ecosystem-change and society through a landscape lens : recent progress in European landscape research
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - : Resilience Alliance, Inc.. - 1708-3087. ; 20:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landscapes are closely linked to human well-being, but they are undergoing rapid and fundamental change. Understanding the societal transformation underlying these landscape changes, as well as the ecological and societal outcomes of landscape transformations across scales are prime areas for landscape research. We review and synthesize findings from six important areas of landscape research in Europe and discuss how these findings may advance the study of ecosystem change and society and its thematic key priorities. These six areas are: (1) linkages between people and the environment in landscapes, (2) landscape structure and land-use intensity, (3) long-term landscape history, (4) driving forces, processes, and actors of landscape change, (5) landscape values and meanings, and (6) landscape stewardship. We propose that these knowledge areas can contribute to the study of ecosystem change and society, considering nested multiscale dynamics of social-ecological systems; the stewardship of these systems and their ecosystem services; and the relationships between ecosystem services, human well-being, wealth, and poverty. Our synthesis highlights that knowledge about past and current landscape patterns, processes, and dynamics provides guidance for developing visions to support the sustainable stewardship of social-ecological systems under future conditions.
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| 3. |
- Rudbeck Jepsen, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Transitions in European land-management regimes between 1800 and 2010
- 2015
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Ingår i: Land use policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 49:SI, s. 53-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Land use is a cornerstone of human civilization, but also intrinsically linked to many global sustainability challenges—from climate change to food security to the ongoing biodiversity crisis. Understanding the underlying technological, institutional and economic drivers of land-use change, and how they play out in different environmental, socio-economic and cultural contexts, is therefore important for identifying effective policies to successfully address these challenges. In this regard, much can be learned from studying long-term land-use change. We examined the evolution of European land management over the past 200 years with the aim of identifying (1) key episodes of changes in land management, and (2) their underlying technological, institutional and economic drivers. To do so, we generated narratives elaborating on the drivers of land use-change at the country level for 28 countries in Europe. We qualitatively grouped drivers into land-management regimes, and compared changes in management regimes across Europe. Our results allowed discerning seven land-management regimes, and highlighted marked heterogeneity regarding the types of management regimes occurring in a particular country, the timing and prevalence of regimes, and the conditions that result in observed bifurcations. However, we also found strong similarities across countries in the timing of certain land-management regime shifts, often in relation to institutional reforms (e.g., changes in EU agrarian policies or the emergence and collapse of the Soviet land management paradigm) or to technological innovations (e.g., drainage pipes, tillage and harvesting machinery, motorization, and synthetic fertilizers). Land reforms frequently triggered changes in land management, and the location and timing of reforms had substantial impacts on land-use outcomes. Finally, forest protection policies and voluntary cooperatives were important drivers of land-management changes. Overall, our results demonstrate that land-system changes should not be conceived as unidirectional developments following predefined trajectories, but rather as path-dependent processes that may be affected by various drivers, including sudden events.
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| 4. |
- von Hackwitz, Kim, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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D3.1 List and documentation of case study landscapesselected for HERCULES
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- HERCULES develops insights, tools, technologies and strategies and applies and tests theseat regional case studies that span major environmental and land use history gradientsthroughout Europe. As a project that specifically refers to landscapes, the case studies form acornerstone for HERCULES.This report describes the selection of the HERCULES case studies (in the following termedstudy landscapes, SLs) regarding the criteria considered and the process carried out. As asecond part, it contains an overview of all SLs and provides a detailed profile for each area,including cartographic information.Attending to the criteria defined in the HERCULES Description of Work, a five step-processwas carried out to identify the SLs. This encompassed 1) an open call for proposals of SLcandidates among the HERCULES projects partners, 2) the evaluation of the suitability ofproposed SLs by the leaders of those WPs that are active at the SL scale, 3) a decision on theSLs taken by the responsible WP 3 team and the project coordinator, 4) an adjustment processin order to achieve a maximum overlap of the activities of different WPs in the SLs, and 5)the selection of specific focus areas/study municipalities (SMs) within the larger SLs, to bereferred to e.g. for more detailed map analyses or closer stakeholder interaction.This process resulted in the identification of nine SLs: 1) Vooremaa and Kodavere (Estonia),2) Lesvos (Greece), 3) Obersimmental (Switzerland), 4) Grand Parc de Miribel Jonage,Rhône-Alpes area (France), 5) Sierra de Guadarrama foothills (Spain), 6) Parque NaturelRegional d’Armorique (France), 7) South West Devon (United Kingdom), 8) Dutch riverdelta Rhine-Meuse (Netherlands), and 9) Uppland (Sweden). These SLs span a variety ofdifferent characteristics (e.g. the major biogeographical zones of Europe), include bothoutstanding heritage features and everyday landscapes with more hidden historical layers,cover rural and urban areas and are all firmly embedded in the project via a local contactperson who is member of the HERCULES consortium.The case study selection was a joint enterprise to which all HERCULES partners activelycontributed. It involved several typical challenges for Pan-European multi-partner projects,ranging from the homogenisation of material from different languages and administrativesystems to the development of an integrative and well-balanced agreement on the potential ofproposed sites beyond specific personal interests. As such, the successful selection of the SLsproves the capacity of the consortium to work as joint and target-oriented team.
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