| 1. |
- Armendariz, Mikel, et al.
(författare)
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A Method to Place Meters in Active Low Voltage Distribution Networks using BPSO Algorithm
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a method to be used by a DSOto optimally place sensors at MV/LV substation and some lowvoltage cable distribution cabinets. This method aims to improvethe estimation of the grid states at low voltage distributionnetworks. This method formulates a multi-objective optimizationproblem to determine the optimal meter placementconfiguration. This formulation minimizes the low voltage stateestimation error and the cost associated to a particular meterdeployment configuration. The method uses Binary ParticleSwarm Optimization (BPSO) to solve the optimization problemand it has been tested on a network based on the Cigré LVbenchmark grid. The simulation results show that the methodcan be applied to both situations where smart metermeasurements are available and situations where they are not. Inthe latter situation the measurements are replaced by pseudomeasurements,which represent meter readings by using smartmeter historical data and prediction models.
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| 2. |
- Armendariz, Mikel, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies to improve the voltage quality in active low-voltage distribution networks using DSO's assets
- 2017
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Ingår i: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. - : IEEE. - 1751-8687 .- 1751-8695. ; 11:1, s. 73-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study addresses the problem of voltage variations in active low-voltage distribution networks caused by distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation. Three strategies based on model predictive control (MPC) are introduced to flatten the voltage profile in a cost-optimal way. The compared strategies are the business as usual approach that manipulates a controllable on-load tap changer at the primary substation, the problematic feeder control strategy (CS) that adds an additional degree of freedom by controlling the critical secondary substations (SSs), and finally the compensation strategy, which controls the primary substation and compensates the non-critical SSs. A sensitivity analysis on the CSs has been conducted comparing the voltage variation reduction and the asset utilization with regard to the accuracy of the prediction models and the forecasted disturbance data. The results show that better (and more costly) characterisation of these parameters only provide a marginal improvement in the reduction of the voltage variations due to the restriction caused by the heavy tap change penalisation. Moreover, the tested case-study shows that the problematic feeder CS outperforms the compensation strategy in terms of larger voltage variation reduction for similar asset utilisation.
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| 3. |
- Babazadeh, Davood, et al.
(författare)
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A Platform for Wide Area Monitoring and Control System ICT Analysis and Development
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 IEEE Grenoble Conference PowerTech, POWERTECH 2013. - : IEEE. - 9781467356695
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- PMU-based Wide Area Monitoring and Control(WAMC) system is introduced to improve the monitoring ofpower grid across large geographic areas and control the gridusing more efficient and smart applications. The performance ofWAMC applications in real power system scenarios and impactof their supporting Information and Communication Technology(ICT) on the data quality can be quantified and analyzed bypseudo-real co-simulation test beds. The purpose of this study isto propose and develop a WAMC testing platform to facilitate thereal-time simulation of dynamic power grid, the ICTinfrastructure that overlays the grid and WAMS applications.The platform consists of OPNET, a powerful communicationnetwork emulator, connected to a real-time power systemsimulator through virtualized PMU device. The end pointstations such as Phasor Data Concentrator or PMU-basedapplications are also linked to the platform through OPNET’sreal-simulation gateway called SITL (System-In-The-Loop). Toassess the performance of the platform architecture, a case studyhas been performed with five PMUs which collect the data from apower model and deliver to PMU-based mode-estimationapplication over a typical communication network. In this study,the results explicitly intend to quantify the effect of networkprotocols on data delay.
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| 4. |
- Babazadeh, Davood, et al.
(författare)
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Agent-based Control of VSC-HVDC Transmission Grid : A Cyber Physical System Perspective
- 2014
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Ingår i: MSCPES 2014.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a control scheme to coordinatethe DC voltage of converters in a HVDC grid using a Multi-agentSystem concept. Such interactions between agents, converters,and communication units are approached from a Cyber-PhysicalSystem (CPS) perspective. The Multi-agent based control schemetries to update the DC voltage set-points of the converters basedon local and neighboring information. The information exchangebetween the agents and communication delay tolerance of thecontrol scheme is studied by means of graph theory. The multiagentcontrol scheme has been implemented for a seven-terminalHVDC grid in a real time simulator and the impact ofcommunication delay on this distributed control approach hasbeen studied and is presented in the result.
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| 5. |
- Babazadeh, Davood, et al.
(författare)
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Coordination of Power Injection in HVDC Grids with Multi-TSOs and Large Wind Penetration
- 2015
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Ingår i: ACDC 2015. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes different architectures for the coordinationof power injection in interconnected hybrid AC/DC gridswith Multi-TSO. The power dispatch problem is first formulatedfor the HVDC grid with the aim of keeping the balancein real time and try to follow the 15-min schedules introducedby AC TSOs considering the ongoing changes in the HVDCgrid. Next, the Auxiliary Problem Principle (APP) method isproposed to decompose the dispatch problem and distributedbetween connected AC operators who control the local converters.Two different approaches are tested and the sensitivityof the OPF updating rate has been evaluated for a 5-areaHVDC grid with the wind production.
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| 6. |
- Babazadeh, Davood, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed Ancillary Service Support for Independent AC-Areas through HVDC Grid
- 2015
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Ingår i: 2015 IEEE EINDHOVEN POWERTECH. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479976935
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work aims to study different ancillary servicessuch as frequency support, rotor angle stability and voltagestability that can be provided to independent AC areas throughMulti-Terminal HVDC grid. An agent-based control scheme hasbeen suggested to support the frequency of the imbalanced ACarea using other intact areas during a disturbance. The frequencysupport is carried out through some agents/controller, wherethe objective of the agents is to reach a common value fora given state, i.e. frequency, using the local and neighbouringinformation. In this scheme, the concept of Adaptive Graph (AG)has been introduced to the consensus problem to deal with thelimitation of original scheme in considering the rated capacityof HVDC converters. In this case, the frequency consensus canbe reached to a new stable value by removing one or severalconverters from the communication graph when reaching ratedactive power capacity. In order to test the proposed scheme,a model of 7-terminal dc-grid and corresponding AC areas isdeveloped in real time simulator OPAL-RT. The results showthat the adaptive graph scheme improves the reliability of thesystem during distributed frequency support.
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| 7. |
- Babazadeh, Davood
(författare)
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Distributed Control of HVDC Transmission Grids
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent issues such as priority access of renewable resources recommended by European energy directives and increase the electricity trading among countries lead to new requirements on the operation and expansion of transmission grids. Since AC grid expansions are limited by legislative issues and long distance transmission capacity, there is a considerable attention drawn to application of HVDC transmission grids on top of, or in complement to, existing AC power systems. The secure operation of HVDC grids requires a hierarchical control system. In HVDC grids, the primary control action to deal with power or DC voltage deviations is communication-free and local. In addition to primary control, the higher supervisory control actions are needed to guarantee the optimal operation of HVDC grids. However, the implementation of supervisory control functions is linked to the arrangement of system operators; i.e. an individual HVDC operator (central structure) or sharing tasks among AC system operators (distributed structure).This thesis presents distributed control of an HVDC grid. To this end, three possible supervisory functions are investigated; coordination of power injection set-points, DC slack bus selection and network topology identification. In this thesis, all three functions are first studied for the central structure. For the distributed solution, two algorithms based on Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) and Auxiliary Problem Principle (APP) are adopted to solve the coordination of power injection. For distributed selection of DC slack bus, the choice of parameters for quantitative ranking of converters is important. These parameters should be calculated based on local measurements if distributed decision is desired. To this end, the short circuit capacity of connected AC grid and power margin of converters are considered. To estimate the short circuit capacity as one of the required selection parameters, the result shows that the recursive least square algorithm can be very efficiently used. Besides, it is possible to intelligently use a naturally occurring droop response in HVDC grids as a local measurement for this estimation algorithm. Regarding the network topology, a two-stage distributed algorithm is introduced to use the abstract information about the neighbouring substation topology to determine the grid connectivity.
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| 8. |
- Babazadeh, Davood, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed Security-Constrained Secondary Control of HVDC grids in the Presence of Wind Uncertainty
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Ingår i: Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks. - 2352-4677.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a distributed coordination of converters in an HVDC grid in order to provide close-to-real-time optimal DCvoltage and power profiles in the presence of wind uncertainty. This coordination is a part of HVDC grid secondary control actionthat carries out after the automatic primary control response by DC voltage droop controlling converters. It aims to optimize thegrid operation by finding the new DC power and voltage set-points that minimize the operational costs due to wind fluctuations andprediction error. Furthermore, the N-1 secure operation of HVDC grid is considered in this distributed coordination by adding a setof security constraints that tightens the upper and lower bounds of the problem variables. The coordination problem is formulatedas a convex optimization problem and therefore a modified version of alternating direction method of multipliers is adopted to solvethe problem in distributed manner. The performance of distributed coordination has been tested by a set of scenarios. The resultsimply that the distributed coordination is eligible in terms of time and complexity to be considered as either the main option forsecondary coordination or a complementary back-up solution for the central coordination.
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| 9. |
- Babazadeh, Davood, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed Two-stage Network Topology Processor for HVDC Grid Operation
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 2017 IEEE Manchester PowerTech, Powertech 2017. - : IEEE. - 9781509042371
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of an analysis of distributed two-stage coordination of network topology processor for HVDC grids. In the first stage of the two-stage processor, the substation topology is analyzed locally using an automated graph-based algorithm. Thereafter, a distributed algorithm is proposed to used the neighboring information to realize the grid connectivity. For distributed islanding detection, the connectivity problem is formulated as a set of linear equations and solved iteratively using successive-over-relaxation method. The performance of the proposed methods versus conventional one-stage method has been tested in an islanding scenario for a 5-terminal HVDC grid.
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| 10. |
- Babazadeh, Davood, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Distributed Two-stage Network Topology Processor for HVDC Grid Operation
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING. - : IEEE. - 9781538622124
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of an analysis of distributed two-stage coordination of network topology processor for HVDC grids. In the first stage of the two-stage processor, the substation topology is analyzed locally using an automated graph based algorithm. Thereafter, a distributed algorithm is proposed to used the neighboring information to realize the grid connectivity. For distributed islanding detection, the connectivity problem is formulated as a set of linear equations and solved iteratively using successive-over-relaxation method. The performance of the proposed methods versus conventional one-stage method has been tested in an islandinv, scenario for a 5-terminal HVDC grid.
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