| 1. |
- Cockburn, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the context of multifaceted collaborations for social-ecological sustainability : a methodology for cross-case analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 25:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are limited approaches available that enable researchers and practitioners to conduct multiple case study comparisons of complex cases of collaboration in natural resource management and conservation. The absence of such tools is felt despite the fact that over the past several years a great deal of literature has reviewed the state of the science regarding collaboration. Much of this work is based on case studies of collaboration and highlights the importance of contextual variables, further complicating efforts to compare outcomes across case-study areas and the likely failure of approaches based on one size fits all generalizations. We expand on the standard overview of the field by identifying some of the challenges associated with managing complex systems with multiple resources, multiple stakeholder groups with diverse knowledges/understandings, and multiple objectives across multiple scales, i.e., multifaceted collaborative initiatives. We then elucidate how a realist methodology, within a critical realist framing, can support efforts to compare multiple case studies of such multifaceted initiatives. The methodology we propose considers the importance and impact of context for the origins, purpose, and success of multifaceted collaborative natural resource management and conservation initiatives in social-ecological systems.
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| 2. |
- Felipe-Lucia, María R., et al.
(författare)
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Conceptualizing ecosystem services using social–ecological networks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 37:3, s. 211-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social–ecological networks (SENs) represent the complex relationships between ecological and social systems and are a useful tool for analyzing and managing ecosystem services. However, mainstreaming the application of SENs in ecosystem service research has been hindered by a lack of clarity about how to match research questions to ecosystem service conceptualizations in SEN (i.e., as nodes, links, attributes, or emergent properties). Building from different disciplines, we propose a typology to represent ecosystem service in SENs and identify opportunities and challenges of using SENs in ecosystem service research. Our typology provides guidance for this growing field to improve research design and increase the breadth of questions that can be addressed with SEN to understand human–nature interdependencies in a changing world.
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| 3. |
- Freeman, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Infrastructure and the Energy Use of Human Polities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cross-cultural research. - : Sage Publications. - 1069-3971 .- 1552-3578. ; 57:2-3, s. 294-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper integrates scaling theory with variation in systems of governance to help explain cross-cultural differences in the energy use of human polities. In both industrial and pre-industrial polities, systems of governance moderate the scaling of population and energy use. Polities with more inclusive governance systems display, on average, lower energy use per agent. However, as populations increase in size, the energy consumed by polities with more inclusive governance increases faster than among polities with less inclusive governance. These results support the hypothesis that more inclusive governance systems help generate a virtuous cycle of increasing trust, larger-scale cooperation, and more productive economies; however, a byproduct of this process is an expanding network–energy throughput tradeoff: Good governance empowers individuals and firms to connect and cooperate. At the same time, similar to Jevons’ classic efficiency paradox, scaling-up this empowerment requires a system, as a whole, to consume ever greater amounts of energy and materials from the earth'€™s ecosystems.
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| 4. |
- Milkoreit, Manjana, et al.
(författare)
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Defining tipping points for social-ecological systems scholarship-an interdisciplinary literature review
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 13:3
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The term tipping point has experienced explosive popularity across multiple disciplines over the last decade. Research on social-ecological systems (SES) has contributed to the growth and diversity of the term's use. The diverse uses of the term obscure potential differences between tipping behavior in natural and social systems, and issues of causality across natural and social system components in SES. This paper aims to create the foundation for a discussion within the SES research community about the appropriate use of the term tipping point, especially the relatively novel term 'social tipping point.' We review existing literature on tipping points and similar concepts (e.g. regime shifts, critical transitions) across all spheres of science published between 1960 and 2016 with a special focus on a recent and still small body of work on social tipping points. We combine quantitative and qualitative analyses in a bibliometric approach, rooted in an expert elicitation process. We find that the term tipping point became popular after the year 2000-long after the terms regime shift and critical transition-across all spheres of science. We identify 23 distinct features of tipping point definitions and their prevalence across disciplines, but find no clear taxonomy of discipline-specific definitions. Building on the most frequently used features, we propose definitions for tipping points in general and social tipping points in SES in particular.
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| 5. |
- Miranda, Lux, 1997-, et al.
(författare)
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Evolutionary Model Discovery of Human Behavioral Factors Driving Decision : Making in Irrigation Experiments
- 2023
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Ingår i: JASSS. - : Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation. - 1460-7425. ; 26:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small farms are thought to produce around a third of the global crop supply. But, in the wake of the climate crisis, their existence is increasingly vulnerable to changes in the spatial and temporal availability of water. The small-scale irrigation systems which water these farms present a social-ecological dilemma: Upstream farms have prevailing access to a canal's resources, but all farms along the canal must contribute to maintaining the irrigation infrastructure. Thus, it is key to assess the social mechanisms which promote resilience in these systems and, more widely, in complex social-ecological dilemmas under changing conditions. Toward this, we build on previous work in which a stylized irrigation dilemma was simulated via a social lab experiment. Studies of the data produced from this experiment modeled participants' behavior with multiple, theoretically grounded agent-based models (ABMs). These models encode causal, human-interpretable hypotheses of decision making which generates the real-world behavior observed in the experiment. However, the accuracy of these models in fitting the experimental data is limited. Using Evolutionary Model Discovery, a recent algorithm for inverse generative social science (iGSS), we show the ability to automatically generate a wide variety of unique new ABMs which fit the experimental data more accurately and robustly than the original, manually-constructed ABMs. To do this, we algorithmically explore the space of possible behavioral rules for agents choosing how to contribute to the maintenance of the irrigation infrastructure. We find that, in contrast to the original models, our best-performing models typically have an additional element of stochasticity and favor factors such as other-regarding preferences and perceived relative income. Given that this change in just a small part of the original model has yielded such an advance, our results suggest that iGSS methods have great potential for continuing to derive more accurate models of complex social-ecological dilemmas.
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| 6. |
- Moore, Michele-Lee, et al.
(författare)
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Studying the complexity of change : toward an analytical framework for understanding deliberate social-ecological transformations
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 19:4, s. 54-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Faced with numerous seemingly intractable social and environmental challenges, many scholars and practitioners are increasingly interested in understanding how to actively engage and transform the existing systems holding such problems in place. Although a variety of analytical models have emerged in recent years, most emphasize either the social or ecological elements of such transformations rather than their coupled nature. To address this, first we have presented a definition of the core elements of a social-ecological system (SES) that could potentially be altered in a transformation. Second, we drew on insights about transformation from three branches of literature focused on radical change, i.e., social movements, socio-technical transitions, and social innovation, and gave consideration to the similarities and differences with the current studies by resilience scholars. Drawing on these findings, we have proposed a framework that outlines the process and phases of transformative change in an SES. Future research will be able to utilize the framework as a tool for analyzing the alteration of social-ecological feedbacks, identifying critical barriers and leverage points and assessing the outcome of social-ecological transformations.
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