| 1. |
- Snodgrass, C., et al.
(författare)
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The 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko observation campaign in support of the Rosetta mission
- 2017
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions. Series A. - : The Royal Society. - 1364-503X .- 1471-2962. ; 375:2097
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a summary of the campaign of remote observations that supported the European Space Agency's Rosetta mission. Telescopes across the globe (and in space) followed comet 67P/ Churyumov-Gerasimenko from before Rosetta's arrival until nearly the end of the mission in September 2016. These provided essential data for mission planning, large-scale context information for the coma and tails beyond the spacecraft and a way to directly compare 67P with other comets. The observations revealed 67P to be a relatively 'well-behaved' comet, typical of Jupiter family comets and with activity patterns that repeat from orbit to orbit. Comparison between this large collection of telescopic observations and the in situ results from Rosetta will allow us to better understand comet coma chemistry and structure. This work is just beginning as the mission ends-in this paper, we present a summary of the ground-based observations and early results, and point to many questions that will be addressed in future studies. This article is part of the themed issue 'Cometary science after Rosetta'.
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| 2. |
- Nicholls, Christine P, et al.
(författare)
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CRIRES-POP : a library of high resolution spectra in the near-infrared II. Data reduction and the spectrum of the K giant 10 Leonis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. High resolution stellar spectral atlases are valuable resources to astronomy. They are rare in the 1 − 5 μm region for historical reasons, but once available, high resolution atlases in this part of the spectrum will aid the study of a wide range of astrophysical phenomena. Aims. The aim of the CRIRES-POP project is to produce a high resolution near-infrared spectral library of stars across the H-R diagram. The aim of this paper is to present the fully reduced spectrum of the K giant 10 Leo that will form the basis of the first atlas within the CRIRES-POP library, to provide a full description of the data reduction processes involved, and to provide an update on the CRIRES-POP project. Methods. All CRIRES-POP targets were observed with almost 200 different observational settings of CRIRES on the ESO Very Large Telescope, resulting in a basically complete coverage of its spectral range as accessible from the ground. We reduced the spectra of 10 Leo with the CRIRES pipeline, corrected the wavelength solution and removed telluric absorption with Molecfit, then resampled the spectra to a common wavelength scale, shifted them to rest wavelengths, flux normalised, and median combined them into one final data product. Results. We present the fully reduced, high resolution, near-infrared spectrum of 10 Leo. This is also the first complete spectrum from the CRIRES instrument. The spectrum is available online. Conclusions. The first CRIRES-POP spectrum has exceeded our quality expectations and will form the centre of a state-of-the-art stellar atlas. This first CRIRES-POP atlas will soon be available, and further atlases will follow. All CRIRES-POP data products will be freely and publicly available online.
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| 3. |
- Bailey, J. D., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic field and atmospheric chemical abundances of the magnetic Ap star HD 318107
- 2011
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 535, s. A25-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. A new generation of powerful and efficient spectropolarimeters has recently been used to provide the first sample of magnetic Ap stars of accurately known ages. Modelling of these data offer the possibility of significant new insights into the physics and main sequence evolution of these remarkable stars.Aims. New spectra have been obtained with the ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeter, and are supplemented with unpolarised spectra from the ESO UVES, UVES-FLAMES, and HARPS spectrographs, of the very peculiar large-field magnetic Ap star HD 318107, a member of the open cluster NGC 6405 and thus a star with a well-determined age. The available data provide sufficient material with which to re-analyse the first-order model of the magnetic field geometry and to derive chemical abundances of Si, Ti, Fe, Nd, Pr, Mg, Cr, Mn, O, and Ca.Methods. The models were obtained using ZEEMAN, a program which synthesises spectral line profiles for stars that have magnetic fields. The magnetic field structure was modelled with a low-order colinear multipole expansion, using coefficients derived from the observed variations of the field strength with rotation phase. The abundances of several elements were determined using spectral synthesis. After experiments with a very simple model of uniform abundance on each of three rings of equal width in co-latitude and symmetric about the assumed magnetic axis, we decided to model the spectra assuming uniform abundances of each element over the stellar surface.Results. The new magnetic field measurements allow us to refine the rotation period of HD 318107 to P = 9.7088 +/- 0.0007 days. Appropriate magnetic field model parameters were found that very coarsely describe the (apparently rather complex) field moment variations. Spectrum synthesis leads to the derivation of mean abundances for the elements Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Nd, and Pr. All of these elements except for Mg and Ca are strongly overabundant compared to the solar abundance ratios. There is considerable evidence of non-uniformity, for example in the different values of < B(z)> found using lines of different elements.Conclusions. The present data set, while limited, is nevertheless sufficient to provide a useful first-order assessment of both the magnetic and surface abundance properties of HD 318107, making it one of the very few magnetic Ap stars of well-known age for which both of these properties have been studied.
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| 4. |
- Folsom, C. P., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic, chemical and rotational properties of the Herbig Ae/Be binary system HD 72106
- 2008
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Ingår i: Contributions of the Astronomical Observatory Skalnaté Pleso. - 1335-1842. ; 38:2, s. 245-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, strong, globally-ordered magnetic fields have been detected in some Herbig Ae and Be (HAeBe) stars, suggesting a possible evolutionary connection to main sequence magnetic chemically peculiar Ap and Bp stars. We have undertaken a detailed study of the binary system HD 72106, which contains a B9 magnetic primary and a HAeBe secondary, using the ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeter mounted on the CFHT. A careful analysis of the very young primary reveals that it has an approximately dipolar magnetic field geometry, strong chemical peculiarities, and strong surface chemical abundance inhomogeneities. Thus the primary is very similar to an Ap/Bp star despite having completed less then 1.5% of its main sequence life, and possible still being on the pre-main sequence. In contrast, a similar analysis of the secondary reveals solar chemical abundances and no magnetic field.
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| 5. |
- Folsom, C. P., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic field, chemical composition and line profile variability of the peculiar eclipsing binary star AR Aur
- 2010
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 407:4, s. 2383-2392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AR Aur is the only eclipsing binary known to contain a HgMn star, making it an ideal case for a detailed study of the HgMn phenomenon. HgMn stars are a poorly understood class of chemically peculiar stars, which have traditionally been thought not to possess significant magnetic fields. However, the recent discovery of line profile variability in some HgMn stars, apparently attributable to surface abundance patches, has brought this belief into question. In this paper we investigate the chemical abundances, line profile variability, and magnetic field of the primary and secondary of the AR Aur system, using a series of high-resolution spectropolarimetric observations. We find the primary is indeed a HgMn star, and present the most precise abundances yet determined for this star. We find the secondary is a weak Am star, and is possibly still on the pre-main sequence. Line profile variability was observed in a range of lines in the primary, and is attributed to inhomogeneous surface distributions of some elements. No magnetic field was detected in any observation of either stars, with an upper limit on the longitudinal magnetic field in both stars of 100 G. Modelling of the phase-resolve longitudinal field measurements leads to a 3 Sigma upper limit on any dipole surface magnetic field of about 400 G.
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| 6. |
- Folsom, C. P., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic fields and chemical peculiarities of the very young intermediate-mass binary system HD 72106
- 2008
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 391:2, s. 901-914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recently discovered magnetic Herbig Ae and Be stars may provide qualitatively new information about the formation and evolution of magnetic Ap and Bp stars. We have performed a detailed investigation of one particularly interesting binary system with a Herbig Ae secondary and a late B-type primary possessing a strong, globally ordered magnetic field. 20 high-resolution Stokes V spectra of the system were obtained with the ESPaDOnS instrument mounted on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. In these observations we see clear evidence for a magnetic field in the primary, but no evidence for a magnetic field in the secondary. A detailed abundance analysis was performed for both stars, revealing strong chemical peculiarities in the primary and normal chemical abundances in the secondary. The primary is strongly overabundant in Si, Cr and other iron-peak elements, as well as Nd, and underabundant in He. The primary therefore appears to be a very young Bp star. In this context, line profile variations of the primary suggest non-uniform lateral distributions of surface abundances. Interpreting the 0.639 95 +/- 0.000 09 d variation period of the Stokes I and V profiles as the rotational period of the star, we have modelled the magnetic field geometry and the surface abundance distributions of Si, Ti, Cr and Fe using magnetic Doppler imaging. We derive a dipolar geometry of the surface magnetic field, with a polar strength B-d = 1230 G and an obliquity beta = 57 degrees. The distributions Ti, Cr and Fe are all qualitatively similar, with an elongated patch of enhanced abundance situated near the positive magnetic pole. The Si distribution is somewhat different, and its relationship to the magnetic field geometry less clear.
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| 7. |
- Fossati, L., et al.
(författare)
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A detailed spectroscopic analysis of the open cluster NGC 5460
- 2011
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 413:2, s. 1132-1144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the context of a large project aimed at studying early F-, A- and late B-type stars, we present the abundance analysis of the photospheres of 21 members of the open cluster NGC 5460, an intermediate-age cluster (log t similar to 8.2) previously not studied with spectroscopy. Our study is based on medium- and high-resolution spectra obtained with the Fibre Large Array Multi Element Spectrograph (FLAMES) instrument of the European Southern Observatory/Very Large Telescope. We show that cluster members have a nearly solar metallicity and that there is evidence that the abundances of magnesium and iron are correlated with the effective temperature, exhibiting a maximum around T-eff = 10 500 K. No correlations are found between abundances and projected equatorial velocity, except for marginal evidence of barium being more abundant in slower than in faster rotating stars. We discovered two He-weak stars and a binary system where the hotter component is an HgMn star. We provide new estimates for the cluster distance (720 +/- 50 pc), age (log t = 8.2 +/- 0.1) and mean radial velocity (-17.9 +/- 5.2 km s-1).
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| 8. |
- Fossati, L., et al.
(författare)
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Chemical evolution of A- and B-type stars in open clusters : observed abundances vs. diffusion models
- 2008
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Ingår i: Contributions of the Astronomical Observatory Skalnaté Pleso. - 1335-1842. ; 38:2, s. 123-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have decided to address the problem of how abundances and peculiarities change during main sequence evolution. We have setup a program to measure the atmospheric abundance patterns from tens of A-type star members of clusters of different ages, and compare the results with theory predictions. In this paper we present the overall project and we focus on the results obtained for a sample of Am stars of the Praesepe cluster (log t = 8.85 +/- 0.15; Gonzalez-Garcia et al., 2006). We have obtained spectra for eight Am stars, two normal A-type stars and one blue straggler, that are probable members of the Praesepe cluster. For all of these stars we have determined fundamental parameters and photospheric abundances for a large number of chemical elements. For seven stars we also obtained spectra in circular polarisation and applied the LSD technique to measure the mean longitudinal magnetic field. We have found good agreement between abundance predictions of diffusion models and measured abundances, except for Na and S. Li appears to be overabundant in three stars of our sample. No magnetic field was detected in any of the analysed stars.
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| 9. |
- Fossati, L., et al.
(författare)
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Late stages of the evolution of A-type stars on the main sequence : Comparison between observed chemical abundances and diffusion models for 8 Am stars of the Praesepe cluster
- 2007
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 476:2, s. 911-925
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. We aim to provide observational constraints on diffusion models that predict peculiar chemical abundances in the atmospheres of Am stars. We also intend to check if chemical peculiarities and slow rotation can be explained by the presence of a weak magnetic field. Methods. We have obtained high resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra of eight previously-classified Am stars, two normal A-type stars and one Blue Straggler, considered to be members of the Praesepe cluster. For all of these stars we have determined fundamental parameters and photospheric abundances for a large number of chemical elements, with a higher precision than was ever obtained before for this cluster. For seven of these stars we also obtained spectra in circular polarization and applied the LSD technique to constrain the longitudinal magnetic field. Results. No magnetic field was detected in any of the analysed stars. HD 73666, a Blue Straggler previously considered as an Ap (Si) star, turns out to have the abundances of a normal A-type star. Am classification is not confirmed for HD 72942. For HD 73709 we have also calculated synthetic Aa photometry that is in good agreement with the observations. There is a generally good agreement between abundance predictions of diffusion models and values that we have obtained for the remaining Am stars. However, the observed Na and S abundances deviate from the predictions by 0.6 dex and ≥0.25 dex respectively. Li appears to be overabundant in three stars of our sample.
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| 10. |
- Fossati, L., et al.
(författare)
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The chemical abundance analysis of normal early A- and late B-type stars
- 2009
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 503:3, s. 945-962
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Modern spectroscopy of early-type stars often aims at studying complex physical phenomena such as stellar pulsation, the peculiarity of the composition of the photosphere, chemical stratification, the presence of a magnetic field, and its interplay with the stellar atmosphere and the circumstellar environment. Comparatively less attention is paid to identifying and studying the "normal" A- and B-type stars and testing how the basic atomic parameters and standard spectral analysis allow one to fit the observations. By contrast, this kind of study is paramount for eventually allowing one to correctly quantify the impact of the various physical processes that occur inside the atmospheres of A- and B-type stars. Aims. We wish to establish whether the chemical composition of the solar photosphere can be regarded as a reference for early A- and B-late B-type stars. Methods. We have obtained optical high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra of three slowly rotating early-type stars (HD 145788, 21 Peg and pi Cet) that show no obvious sign of chemical peculiarity, and performed a very accurate LTE abundance analysis of up to 38 ions of 26 elements (for 21 Peg), using a vast amount of spectral lines visible in the spectral region covered by our spectra. Results. We provide an exhaustive description of the abundance characteristics of the three analysed stars with a critical review of the line parameters used to derive the abundances. We compiled a table of atomic data for more than 1100 measured lines that may be used in the future as a reference. The abundances we obtained for He, C, Al, S, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Sr, Y, and Zr are compatible with the solar ones derived with recent 3D radiative-hydrodynamical simulations of the solar photosphere. The abundances of the remaining studied elements show some degree of discrepancy compared to the solar photosphere. Those of N, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, and Nd may well be ascribed to non-LTE effects; for P, Cl, Sc and Co, non-LTE effects are totally unknown; O, Ne, Ar, and Ba show discrepancies that cannot be ascribed to non-LTE effects. The discrepancies obtained for O (in two stars) and Ne agree with very recent non-LTE abundance analysis of early B-type stars in the solar neighbourhood.
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