| 1. |
- Bakker, Bram, et al.
(författare)
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A Multi-Stage, Multi-Feature Machine Learning Approach to Detect Driver Sleepiness in Naturalistic Road Driving Conditions
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print). - : IEEE. - 1524-9050 .- 1558-0016. ; 23:5, s. 4791-4800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driver fatigue is a contributing factor in about 20% of all fatal road crashes worldwide. Countermeasures are urgently needed and one of the most promising and currently available approaches for that are in-vehicle systems for driver fatigue detection. The main objective of this paper is to present a video-based driver sleepiness detection system set up as a two-stage model with (1) a generic deep feature extraction module combined with (2) a personalised sleepiness detection module. The approach was designed and evaluated using data from 13 drivers, collected during naturalistic driving conditions on a motorway in Sweden. Each driver performed one 90-minute driving session during daytime (low sleepiness condition) and one session during night-time (high sleepiness condition). The sleepiness detection model outputs a continuous output representing the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) scale from 1-9 or a binary decision as alert (defined as KSS 1-6) or sleepy (defined as KSS 7-9). Continuous output modelling resulted in a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.54 KSS units. Binary classification of alert or sleepy showed an accuracy of 92% (sensitivity = 91.7%, specificity = 92.3%, F1 score = 90.4%). Without personalisation, the corresponding accuracy was 72%, while a standard fatigue detection PERCLOS-based baseline method reached an accuracy of 68% on the same dataset. The developed real-time sleepiness detection model can be used in the management of sleepiness/fatigue by detecting precursors of severe fatigue, and ultimately reduce sleepiness-related road crashes by alerting drivers before high levels of fatigue are reached.
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| 2. |
- Bocken, Nancy M.P., et al.
(författare)
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Product design and business model strategies for a circular economy
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2168-1015 .- 2168-1023. ; 33:5, s. 308-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transition within business from a linear to a circular economy brings with it a range of practical challenges for companies. The following question is addressed: What are the product design and business model strategies for companies that want to move to a circular economy model? This paper develops a framework of strategies to guide designers and business strategists in the move from a linear to a circular economy. Building on Stahel, the terminology of slowing, closing, and narrowing resource loops is introduced. A list of product design strategies, business model strategies, and examples for key decision-makers in businesses is introduced, to facilitate the move to a circular economy. This framework also opens up a future research agenda for the circular economy.
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| 3. |
- Flahou, Bram, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for a primate origin of zoonotic Helicobacter suis colonizing domesticated pigs.
- 2018
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Ingår i: The ISME journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-7370 .- 1751-7362. ; 12:1, s. 77-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Helicobacter suis is the second most prevalent Helicobacter species in the stomach of humans suffering from gastric disease. This bacterium mainly inhabits the stomach of domesticated pigs, in which it causes gastric disease, but it appears to be absent in wild boars. Interestingly, it also colonizes the stomach of asymptomatic rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. The origin of modern human-, pig- or non-human primate-associated H. suis strains in these respective host populations was hitherto unknown. Here we show that H. suis in pigs possibly originates from non-human primates. Our data suggest that a host jump from macaques to pigs happened between 100000 and 15000 years ago and that pig domestication has had a significant impact on the spread of H. suis in the pig population, from where this pathogen occasionally infects humans. Thus, in contrast to our expectations, H. suis appears to have evolved in its main host in a completely different way than its close relative Helicobacter pylori in humans.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ljung Aust, Mikael, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Final measures (Deliverable 5.5)
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main objective of WP5 has been to run a set of field trials with naïve users (i.e. not experts involved in the development of the measures) for all nudging and coaching measures developed in WP2-4. Then, given the outcome of the field trials, the task has been to analyse which impacts these measures may have on road safety along with the cost of implementing them in vehicle fleets and/or infrastructure. All these activities have taken place in Tasks 5.4 (Data collection) and 5.6 (Data analysis).
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| 6. |
- Ljung Aust, Mikael, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Results of field trials (Deliverable 5.4)
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main objective of WP5 is to run a set of field trials with naïve users (i.e. not experts involved in the development of the measures) for all nudging and coaching measures developed in WP2-4. Field trials with naïve users are necessary in order to validate the estimated effectiveness of each measure. The field trials were set up in as realistic settings as possible, given the possibilities to implement/distribute each measure. This deliverable gives a short description of the field trial setup for each measure, and then reports the effects of the nudge on road user behaviour.
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