| 1. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Alqeeq, S. W., et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of the homogeneity of energy conversion processes at dipolarization fronts from MMS measurements
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physics of Plasmas. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 1070-664X .- 1089-7674. ; 29:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on six dipolarization fronts (DFs) embedded in fast earthward flows detected by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission during a substorm event on 23 July 2017. We analyzed Ohm's law for each event and found that ions are mostly decoupled from the magnetic field by Hall fields. However, the electron pressure gradient term is also contributing to the ion decoupling and likely responsible for an electron decoupling at DF. We also analyzed the energy conversion process and found that the energy in the spacecraft frame is transferred from the electromagnetic field to the plasma (J & BULL; E > 0) ahead or at the DF, whereas it is the opposite (J & BULL; E < 0) behind the front. This reversal is mainly due to a local reversal of the cross-tail current indicating a substructure of the DF. In the fluid frame, we found that the energy is mostly transferred from the plasma to the electromagnetic field (J & BULL; E & PRIME; < 0) and should contribute to the deceleration of the fast flow. However, we show that the energy conversion process is not homogeneous at the electron scales due to electric field fluctuations likely related to lower-hybrid drift waves. Our results suggest that the role of DF in the global energy cycle of the magnetosphere still deserves more investigation. In particular, statistical studies on DF are required to be carried out with caution due to these electron scale substructures.
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| 5. |
- Nyangoko, Baraka, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Local perceptions of changes in mangrove ecosystem services and their implications for livelihoods and management in the Rufiji Delta, Tanzania
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ocean and Coastal Management. - : Elsevier. - 0964-5691 .- 1873-524X. ; 219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the status and trends of ecosystem services (ES) in a changing environment is important for identifying effective management measures of multifunctional mangrove ecosystems. Mangroves and their ES are jeopardized by a complex set of factors, with impacts that are experienced at local levels, especially in developing countries, where people often rely directly on natural capital for their livelihoods and well-being. This study was set to explore how local communities in the Rufiji Delta, situated in central coastal Tanzania, perceived the status and trends in mangrove ecosystem services (MES), associated drivers of change and the impacts of changes in MES on local livelihoods. A mixed methodological framework (including focus group discussions, key informant interviews, household surveys and direct observations) was used. People from villages close to mangroves rated the status of MES higher than those in villages distant from mangroves. Provisioning services (P) were often perceived to be in a worse and more declining state than regulating (R), cultural (C) and supporting services (S). A decrease in availability of poles and firewood (P), decline of fish habitats (S) and an increase in education value (C) were the most commonly perceived changes of MES in the study area. Illegal harvesting of mangrove poles, rice cultivation, climate change and inadequate management were seen as the most critical drivers of mangrove degradation, although the perceptions differed between sites. Rice farming was perceived to be a primary cause of mangrove loss by communities far from mangrove forests, while illegal exploitation was identified as the major driver by communities near mangroves. Fishing, collection of poles and honey were perceived as the most impacted livelihoodsdepending on MES. This together with the comparatively low status and declining trend of these MES indicate that they should be of high management priority as indicated by the first order management index used in this study.
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| 6. |
- Ermgassen, Philine S. E. Zu, et al.
(författare)
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Fishers who rely on mangroves : Modelling and mapping the global intensity of mangrove-associated fisheries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. - : Elsevier. - 0272-7714 .- 1096-0015. ; 248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mangroves are critical nursery habitats for fish and invertebrates, providing livelihoods for many coastal communities. Despite their importance, there is currently no estimate of the number of fishers engaged in mangrove associated fisheries, nor of the fishing intensity associated with mangroves at a global scale. We address these gaps by developing a global model of mangrove associated fisher numbers and mangrove fishing intensity. To develop the model, we undertook a three-round Delphi process with mangrove fisheries experts to identify the key drivers of mangrove fishing intensity. We then developed a conceptual model of intensity of mangrove fishing using those factors identified both as being important and for which appropriate global data could be found or developed. These factors were non-urban population, distance to market, distance to mangroves and other fishing grounds, and storm events. By projecting this conceptual model using geospatial datasets, we were able to estimate the number and distribution of mangrove associated fishers and the intensity of fishing in mangroves. We estimate there are 4.1 million mangrove associated fishers globally, with the highest number of mangrove fishers found in Indonesia, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Brazil. Mangrove fishing intensity was greatest throughout Asia, and to a lesser extent West and Central Africa, and Central and South America.
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| 7. |
- Nyangoko, Baraka, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Community perceptions of climate change and ecosystem-based adaptation in the mangrove ecosystem of the Rufiji Delta, Tanzania
- 2022
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Ingår i: Climate and Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1756-5529 .- 1756-5537. ; 14:10, s. 896-908
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mangroves are increasingly recognized for their role in supporting adaptation to climate change and variability. However, knowledge about how climate change and variability affect mangrove ecosystem services (MES) and their role in supporting coastal communities to adaption is limited in Tanzania. We used participatory rural appraisal methods and field observations to explore local communities' perceptions of climate change and variability, and ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) strategies in the mangroves of the Rufiji Delta, Tanzania. Decrease in rainfall, increased temperatures, coastal flooding, and the incidence of sea level rise were identified as key variables associated with a changing climate in the delta. Perceived climatic stresses included damaged fish breeding sites, altered climate regulation and a decrease in coastal protection and flood control. Decline in crop, fish and honey production were perceived as the main impacts on community livelihoods, although there were significant differences across occupational groups. Dependence on MES in times of shocks, such as when agriculture production fails, switching of occupation, crop diversification, fishing in deep waters and migration to other areas provided potential adaptation options. Although the reported perceptions related to climate change or variability are not explicit, they both have negative consequences to mangrove dependent communities' livelihoods.
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| 8. |
- Nyangoko, Baraka, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Community perceptions of mangrove ecosystem services and their determinants in the Rufiji Delta, Tanzania
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - Basel : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 13:1, s. 1-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding how local communities perceive and depend on mangrove ecosystem services (MES) is important for translating and incorporating their benefits, priorities, and preferences into conservation and decision-making processes. We used focus group discussions, key informant interviews, household questionnaires, and direct observations to explore how local communities in the Rufiji Delta perceive a multitude of MES and factors influencing their perceptions. Sixteen MES were identified by the respondents. Provisioning services were the most highly identified services, accounting for 67% of the overall responses, followed by regulating (53%), cultural (45%), and supporting (45%) services. Poles for building, firewood for cooking, coastal protection, and habitats for fisheries were perceived as the most important MES to sustain local livelihoods, although the perceptions differed between sites. Distance from household homes to mangroves and residence time were significant predictors of the local communities’ awareness of all identified MES. Gender of household heads and performance of local management committees also determined the local communities’ awareness of provisioning, regulating, and cultural services. We conclude that perceptions of MES are context-specific and influenced by multiple factors. We believe a deeper understanding of local stakeholders’ preferences for MES can help strengthen the link between local communities and conservation actors and can provide a basis for sustainable management of mangrove forests.
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| 9. |
- zu Ermgassen, Philine S. E., et al.
(författare)
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Fishers who rely on mangroves : Modelling and mapping the global intensity of mangrove-associated fisheries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. - : ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0272-7714 .- 1096-0015. ; 247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mangroves are critical nursery habitats for fish and invertebrates, providing livelihoods for many coastal communities. Despite their importance, there is currently no estimate of the number of fishers engaged in mangrove associated fisheries, nor of the fishing intensity associated with mangroves at a global scale. We address these gaps by developing a global model of mangrove associated fisher numbers and mangrove fishing intensity. To develop the model, we undertook a three-round Delphi process with mangrove fisheries experts to identify the key drivers of mangrove fishing intensity. We then developed a conceptual model of intensity of mangrove fishing using those factors identified both as being important and for which appropriate global data could be found or developed. These factors were non-urban population, distance to market, distance to mangroves and other fishing grounds, and storm events. By projecting this conceptual model using geospatial data sets, we were able to estimate the number and distribution of mangrove associated fishers and the intensity of fishing in mangroves. We estimate there are 4.1 million mangrove associated fishers globally, with the highest number of mangrove fishers found in Indonesia, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Brazil. Mangrove fishing intensity was greatest throughout Asia, and to a lesser extent West and Central Africa, and Central and South America.
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