| 1. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
-
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory : instrumentation and online systems
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1748-0221. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic-kilometer-scale high-energy neutrino detector built into the ice at the South Pole. Construction of IceCube, the largest neutrino detector built to date, was completed in 2011 and enabled the discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. We describe here the design, production, and calibration of the IceCube digital optical module (DOM), the cable systems, computing hardware, and our methodology for drilling and deployment. We also describe the online triggering and data filtering systems that select candidate neutrino and cosmic ray events for analysis. Due to a rigorous pre-deployment protocol, 98.4% of the DOMs in the deep ice are operating and collecting data. IceCube routinely achieves a detector uptime of 99% by emphasizing software stability and monitoring. Detector operations have been stable since construction was completed, and the detector is expected to operate at least until the end of the next decade.
|
|
| 2. |
- Eisner, N. L., et al.
(författare)
-
Planet Hunters Tess I: TOI 813, a subgiant hosting a transiting Saturn-sized planet on an 84-day orbit
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 494:1, s. 750-763
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the discovery and validation of TOI 813 b (TIC55525572b), a transiting exoplanet identified by citizen scientists in data from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and the first planet discovered by the Planet Hunters TESS project. The host star is a bright (V = 10.3 mag) subgiant (R* = 1.94 R☉, M☉ = 1.32 M☉). It was observed almost continuously by TESS during its first year of operations, during which time four individual transit events were detected. The candidate passed all the standard light curve-based vetting checks, and ground-based follow-up spectroscopy and speckle imaging enabled us to place an upper limit of 2 MJup (99 per cent confidence) on the mass of the companion, and to statistically validate its planetary nature. Detailed modelling of the transits yields a period of 83.8911+0.0027-0.0031 d, a planet radius of 6.71 ± 0.38 R⊕ and a semimajor axis of 0.423+0031-0.037 AU. The planet's orbital period combined with the evolved nature of the host star places this object in a relatively underexplored region of parameter space. We estimate that TOI 813 b induces a reflex motion in its host star with a semi-amplitude of ∼6 m s−1, making this a promising system to measure the mass of a relatively long-period transiting planet.
|
|
| 3. |
- Burnett, Mark, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of mineral supply and demand from 1950 to 2020 : Cold War and consumerism
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Routledge Handbook of the Extractive Industries and Sustainable Development. - London : Taylor & Francis Group. ; , s. 34-60
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The supply and demand of minerals from 1950 to 2020 is examined by focusing on known causal relationships and historical drivers such as the Cold War, and how these have impacted the supply and demand of minerals. The complex, and often fascinating, events that have influenced supply and demand in the minerals market, including geopolitics, environmental policy, high-tech modernization, and the COVID-19 pandemic are reviewed. The examples we provide, focus on the primary consumers in the minerals market, including America, the European Union (EU), and the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) nations. Fundamental drivers such as sustainability, national defence, and technology are also discussed. This chapter begins with an integrated highlight of the major developments from 1950 to 2020 and then expands on the subject matter in a decadal fashion, providing additional context and detail on the forces and events which have influenced mineral supply and consumption trends.
|
|
