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- Allison, Lauren E, et al.
(författare)
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A Systematic Review of Vaccination Guidance for Humanitarian Responses
- 2023
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Ingår i: Vaccines. - : MDPI. - 2076-393X. ; 11:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Delivering vaccines in humanitarian response requires rigourous and continuous analysis of evidence. This systematic review mapped the normative landscape of vaccination guidance on vaccine-preventable diseases in crisis-affected settings. Guidance published between 2000 and 2022 was searched for, in English and French, on websites of humanitarian actors, Google, and Bing. Peer-reviewed database searches were performed in Global Health and Embase. Reference lists of all included documents were screened. We disseminated an online survey to professionals working in vaccination delivery in humanitarian contexts. There was a total of 48 eligible guidance documents, including technical guidance (n = 17), descriptive guidance (n = 16), operational guidance (n = 11), evidence reviews (n = 3), and ethical guidance (n = 1). Most were World Health Organization documents (n = 21) targeting children under 5 years of age. Critical appraisal revealed insufficient inclusion of affected populations and limited rigour in guideline development. We found limited information on vaccines including, yellow fever, cholera, meningococcal, hepatitis A, and varicella, as well as human papilloma virus (HPV). There is a plethora of vaccination guidance for vaccine-preventable diseases in humanitarian contexts. However, gaps remain in the critical and systematic inclusion of evidence, inclusion of the concept of "zero-dose" children and affected populations, ethical guidance, and specific recommendations for HPV and non-universally recommended vaccines, which must be addressed.
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- Staude, I. R., et al.
(författare)
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Directional turnover towards larger-ranged plants over time and across habitats
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 25:2, s. 466-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species turnover is ubiquitous. However, it remains unknown whether certain types of species are consistently gained or lost across different habitats. Here, we analysed the trajectories of 1827 plant species over time intervals of up to 78 years at 141 sites across mountain summits, forests, and lowland grasslands in Europe. We found, albeit with relatively small effect sizes, displacements of smaller- by larger-ranged species across habitats. Communities shifted in parallel towards more nutrient-demanding species, with species from nutrient-rich habitats having larger ranges. Because these species are typically strong competitors, declines of smaller-ranged species could reflect not only abiotic drivers of global change, but also biotic pressure from increased competition. The ubiquitous component of turnover based on species range size we found here may partially reconcile findings of no net loss in local diversity with global species loss, and link community-scale turnover to macroecological processes such as biotic homogenisation.
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- Stenström, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Combining computerised Case Management with Advisory Supervision : A tool for knowledge based social work?
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Education. - 1810-4789. ; 3, s. 53-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need for knowledge-based social work is being widely discussed internationally. The Department of Social Work at Stockholm University has taken part in a pilot project in Lithuania, the aim of which is to develop community-based and knowledge-based social work. An educational and training programme has been adopted for this purpose. An important part of this effort is the implementation of a computerised case management system backed by advisory supervision at 14 social service centres throughout Lithuania. The objective of the computerised case management system is to enable social service centres to simply and effectively gather key information about clients, treatment procedures and outcome. The objective of the advisory supervision programme is to implement new methods, including a psychosocial approach vis-à-vis clients. The purpose of both programmes is to strengthen the development of the social service centres. The strategy is to analyse the empirical material generated by the computerised case management system. This analysis makes it possible to evaluate and monitor the client population, as well as the procedures employed and the results achieved by the treatment centres. Thus, the computerised case management system enables the staffs of the social service centres to be more aware of what their work entails. This heightened awareness then forms the basis for advisory supervision. The integration of the computerised case management system with advisory supervision is a powerful tool for broadening the interface between research and practice in social work, thereby making social work more securely knowledge-based.
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