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| 2. |
- Baroudi, Mazen, et al.
(författare)
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Access of Migrant Youths in Sweden to Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare : A Cross-sectional Survey
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Health Policy and Management. - : Kerman University of Medical Sciences. - 2322-5939. ; 11:3, s. 287-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study aims to assess migrant youths’ access to sexual and reproductive healthcare (SRHC) in Sweden, to examine the socioeconomic differences in their access, and to explore the reasons behind not seeking SRHC. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted for 1739 migrant youths 16 to 29 years-old during 2018. The survey was self-administered through: ordinary post, web survey and visits to schools and other venues. We measured access as a 4-stage process including: healthcare needs, perception of needs, utilisation of services and met needs. Results: Migrant youths faced difficulties in accessing SRHC services. Around 30% of the participants needed SRHC last year, but only one-third of them fulfilled their needs. Men and women had the same need (27.4% of men [95% CI: 24.2, 30.7] vs. 32.7% of women [95% CI: 28.2, 37.1]), but men faced more difficulties in access. Those who did not categorise themselves as men or women (50.9% [95% CI: 34.0, 67.9]), born in South Asia (SA) (39% [95% CI: 31.7, 46.4]), were waiting for residence permit (45.1% [95% CI: 36.2, 54.0]) or experienced economic stress (34.5% [95% CI: 30.7, 38.3]) had a greater need and found more difficulties in access. The main difficulties were in the step between the perception of needs and utilisation of services. The most commonly reported reasons for refraining from seeking SRHC were the lack of knowledge about the Swedish health system and available SRHC services (23%), long waiting times (7.8%), language difficulties (7.4%) and unable to afford the costs (6.4%). Conclusion: There is an urgent need to improve migrant youths’ access to SRHC in Sweden. Interventions could include: increasing migrant youths’ knowledge about their rights and the available SRHC services; improving the acceptability and cultural responsiveness of available services, especially youth clinics; and improving the quality of language assistance services.
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| 3. |
- Baroudi, Mazen, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the dimensionality of YFHS-Swe : a questionnaire to assess youth-friendliness in differentiated health services
- 2017
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess the dimensionality of YFHS-Swe and identify possible unique factors in the evaluation of youth-friendliness. YFHS-Swe was answered by 1110 youths aged 16 to 25 years visiting youth clinics in Northern Sweden. Thirteen factors were identified by exploratory factor analysis and except for one factor they all proved to fit well and have good reliability when assessed by the confirmatory factor analysis. The YFHS-Swe proved to be credible and suitable for assessing youth-friendliness of differentiated health services in Sweden. With cultural and linguistic adaptations, it can be used in similar settings internationally.
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| 4. |
- Baroudi, Mazen, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the dimensionality of YFHS-Swe; a new questionnaire to assess youth friendliness
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 27:suppl_3, s. 343-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Ensuring the youth friendliness of health services can increase the utilization of these services and contribute to improve youth’s health. Few validated instruments to assess youth-friendliness exist worldwide and none in Sweden. To assess the youth-friendliness of Swedish youth clinics (differentiated services for youth that exist since the 70s), an adapted version of YFHS WHO+ questionnaire called (YFHS-Swe) was developed. YFHS-Swe proved to have good internal homogeneity and consistency over time. The aim of our study was to perform a psychometric analysis to assure the quality and reliability of the questionnaire, and to assess the dimensionality of YFHS-Swe to identify possible subdomains that might be of importance for policy making.Methods: YFHS-Swe was answered by 1,110 youths aged 16 to 25 years visiting 20 youth clinics in Northern Sweden between September 2016 and February 2017. YFHS-Swe was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.Results: Thirteen factors could be identified; ability to get contact; access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) service; access to psychosocial health services; parental support of SRH services; parental support of psychosocial health services; equity with diverse concerns; equity with legal concerns; fear of exposure; respect; privacy and confidentiality; no judgement; quality of consultation and quality of facility. Except for “quality of facility”, all other twelve factors recorded good α reliability ranging from 0.76 to 0.97, good ρ reliability ranging from 0.77 to 0.97 and acceptable measure of fit (SRMR<0.08).Conclusions: The YFHS-Swe proved to be credible and suitable for assessing youths-friendliness of the Swedish youth clinics. The identified factors might be of an importance to capture different dimensions of youth friendliness. With some cultural and linguistic adaptations, this instrument can be used in other differentiated youth health services internationally.Key messages:YFHS-Swe is credible and suitable instrument in the Swedish context and it can be used as a basis for validating other instruments to assess youth-friendliness in other contexts.The dimensions identified of this novel instrument might be of importance in assessing distinct aspects of friendliness in differentiated health services and might be of importance for policy making.
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| 5. |
- Baroudi, Mazen
(författare)
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Beyond supply and demand : a new ecological framework for understanding the access of young migrants to sexual and reproductive health services in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although the sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of young people and migrants should be prioritised, young migrants’ sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is rarely studied in Sweden.Objectives: To explore young migrants’ understanding and experiences of sexual rights and examine their perceptions and experiences in accessing SRH services.Methods: This is a mixed method study including a national survey that recruited 1773 newly arrived young migrants; a youth clinic survey that recruited 1089 youths after visiting youth clinics; and a qualitative study that included 13 interviews with newly arrived Arabic-speaking migrant men. The results are synthesised using a new ecological framework of access to understand the factors influencing young migrant access to health care based on the levels of the ecological model and the five steps of access: approachability, acceptability, adequacy, affordability, and quality.Results: Young migrants understood SRH as both ‘essential’ and ‘a right.’ Their sexual rights were less fulfiled compared to other young people in Sweden, particularly for men, non-binary, LGBTQ+, those born in South Asia, without a residence permit, and those of low economic conditions. SRH services were largely unapproachable as almost half of those who needed them did not utilise them. Services were generally acceptable due to the ‘open environment,’ however, some young migrants faced cultural insensitivity, fear of exposure, low parental support, and long waiting times. SRH services’ quality was perceived as good, however, negative experiences were reported, particularly in the domains of respect, equity, privacy, non-prejudice, and consultation quality.Conclusion: The access of young migrants to SRH services is facilitated by an ‘open environment’ and available and good quality services; however, they faced serious barriers such as limited access to information about the health system, comprehensive sexual education, lack of cultural sensitivity, and cultural racism.
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| 6. |
- Baroudi, Mazen, 1984-
(författare)
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Leaving the door ajar : young migrants’ sexual and reproductive health in Sweden
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Young people and migrants are both prioritized groups regarding sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), but studies about the sexual andreproductive health (SRH) of young migrants in Sweden are scarce. The aim of this thesis was to study the SRH of young migrants in Sweden, and specifically to: 1) explore how do young migrants understand SRH, and how do they experience their sexual rights; and 2) examine how do young migrants perceive and experience the process of accessing SRH services, including their approachability, acceptability, adequacy and quality.This thesis is built upon three studies, which collected quantitative data (a national survey – Papers 1 and 2, and a youth clinics survey – Paper 3) and qualitative data (a qualitative study – Paper 4). The national survey is a population-based cross sectional study, which recruited 1773 newly arrived young migrants aged 16 to 29 years through visits to schools and other venues, letters sent home, and via a web survey. The data was analysed through descriptive statistics (Paper 1) and multivariate multiple linear regression (Paper 2). The youth clinic survey is a clinic-based cross-sectional study whichrecruited 1089 youths (118 had at least one parent born outside Sweden/Scandinavia) aged 16 to 25 years after their visit to a youth clinic in the four most northern regions in Sweden. I used multi-level analysis to analyse the data. The qualitative study builds upon 13 semi-structured interviews with newly arrived Arabic-speaking migrant men, which were analysed through qualitative thematic analysis.Young migrants understood SRH as both “essential” and a “right”. The sexual rights of young migrants in Sweden were less fulfilled, compared to those of other young people in Sweden, and there were differences between the various groups of young migrants. The rights of men; people identifying as non-binary; people identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual or asexual (LGBA); those born in South Asia; those without a residence permit; and people of low economic status were fulfilled to a lesser extent compared to their counterparts.Studying the process of accessing SRH services – including sexual education and information, and services related to sexual function, sexually transmitted diseases and gender-based violence, as well as infertility, pregnancy, delivery, contraceptives and abortion – showed barriers and facilitators. SRH serviceswere to a large extent non-approachable; almost half of those who needed these services in the national survey did not use them. SRH services were perceived, with some exceptions, as acceptable due to the “open environment” of Sweden; however, some young migrants faced a lack of cultural sensitivity in iv SRH services, low parental support, and fear of exposure, which decreased their acceptability of the services. Regarding adequacy, young migrants complained about long waiting times for receiving care particularly specialised care, and that SRH services did not take their problems seriously. Those who visited youth clinics, however, perceived them as providing convenient and timely services. The quality of SRH services was perceived as good in general; the majority of young migrants were satisfied with SRH services in the national survey and perceived youth clinics as very friendly. However, negative experiences were reported in the national survey, where almost half of those who visited SRH services had at least one negative experience in the five domains of respect, equity, quality of consultation, privacy and non-prejudice. Migrant youths also reported worse experiences in the youth clinic survey than Swedish/Scandinavian youths in the domains of respect, equity and quality of consultation. Their legal entitlement to access most SRH services, the availability of good quality services and the “open environment” facilitate young migrants’ access to SRH services, however, their limited access to sexual education and to information about the health system, and cultural insensitivity and cultural racism when providing information and services, are serious barriers to young migrants’ access to SRH services.
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| 7. |
- Baroudi, Mazen, et al.
(författare)
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Men and sexual and reproductive healthcare in the Nordic countries : a scoping review
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 11:9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Men generally seek healthcare less often than women and, other than traditional gender norms, less is known about the explanation. The aim was to identify knowledge gaps and factors influencing men regarding sexual and reproductive healthcare (SRHC) in the Nordic countries.Methods: We searched PubMed and SveMed+ for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2010 and May 2020. The analyses identified factors influencing men’s experiences of and access to SRHC.Results: The majority of the 68 articles included focused on pregnancy, birth, infertility and sexually transmitted infections including HIV. During pregnancy and childbirth, men were treated as accompanying partners rather than individuals with their own needs. The knowledge and attitudes of healthcare providers were crucial for their ability to provide SRHC and for the experiences of men. Organisational obstacles, such as women-centred SRHC and no assigned healthcare profession for men’s sexual and reproductive health issues, hindered men’s access to SRHC. Lastly, the literature rarely discussed the impact of health policies on men’s access to SRHC.Conclusions: The literature lacked the perspectives of specific groups of men such as migrants, men who have sex with men and transmen, as well as the experiences of men in SRHC related to sexual function, contraceptive use and gender-based violence. These knowledge gaps, taken together with the lack of a clear entry point for men into SRHC, indicate the necessity of an improved health and medical education of healthcare providers, as well as of health system interventions.
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| 8. |
- Baroudi, Mazen, et al.
(författare)
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Preteen children’s health related quality of life in Sweden: changes over time and disparities between different sociodemographic groups
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Assessing disparities in health-related quality of Life (HRQoL) is important as a part of health-related disparities in the society. The aim of this study was to explore HRQoL among 12-year-olds in Sweden in terms of differences between years 2005 and 2009 and disparities related to sociodemographic background.Methods: During the school years 2005 and 2009, a total of 18,325 sixth grade students in Sweden were invited to a celiac disease screening study; 13,279 agreed to participate. Jointly with the celiac screening, the children answered a questionnaire that included EuroQol 5 Dimensions-youth (EQ-5D-Y) and their parents responded to separate questionnaires about their own and their child’s country of birth, family structure, their employment status, occupation, and education. In total 11,009 child-parent questionnaires were collected. Logistic regression was used to study differences in HRQoL between 2005 and 2009, and between various sociodemographic subgroups.Results: Compared with 2005, children in 2009 reported more pain (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.1–1.3) and more mood problems (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.2–1.5). In general, girls reported more pain and mood problems and had more disparities than boys. There were no significant differences based on parents’ occupation, however, children of parents with low or medium education levels reported less “mood problems” than those of parents with high education levels (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.46–0.92) and (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73–0.96), respectively. A slight variation was seen in HRQoL between children with different migration background. Girls living in small municipalities reported more pain (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.14–2.01), and problems performing usual activities (OR: 3.77, 95% CI: 2.08–6.84), compared to girls living in large municipalities. In addition, children living with two parents had less mood problems than children living in other family constellations.Conclusion: More children reported pain and mood problems in 2009 compared with 2005. To study future trends, health outcomes among children in Sweden should continue to be reported periodically. More efforts should be invested to increase the awareness of health-related disparities as highlighted in this study especially for girls living in small municipalities and children of parents with high education level.
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| 9. |
- Baroudi, Mazen, et al.
(författare)
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Social factors associated with trust in the health system in northern Sweden : a cross-sectional study
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite the importance of having trust in the health system, there is a paucity of research in this feldin Sweden. The aim of this study was to estimate the level of trust in the health system and to assess the factors asso‑ciated with it in northern Sweden.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2014 in the four northern regions of Sweden. A total of 24 795 participants (48% response rate) aged 18 to 84 years were involved in the study. A log-binomial regression was usedto measure the association between sociodemographic factors and trust in the health system.Results: Two thirds of the participants (68.5%) reported high trust in the health system i.e. had very much or quitea lot confdence in the health system. Women had lower prevalence of trust compared to men (PR=0.96; 95%CI=0.94–0.98) while older participants had a higher trust compared to youth (PR=1.11; 95% CI=1.06–1.16). Participants with lower level of education, those who experienced economic stress, those who were born outside Swedenand those living in small municipalities also had lower prevalence of trust in the health system. Conversely, lowerincome was associated with higher trust (PR=1.08; 95% CI=1.04–1.12). Finally, a strong relationship between highersocial capital (having emotional and instrumental support, horizontal trust, and higher social participation) and trustin the health system was also found.Conclusions: Trust in the health system was moderately high in northern Sweden and strongly associated withsociodemographic and social capital factors. Trust is a complex phenomenon and a deeper exploration of the relationbetween trust in the health system and sociodemographic factors is needed.
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| 10. |
- Baroudi, Mazen, et al.
(författare)
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The good, the bad, and the why : How do Arabic-speaking migrant men perceive and experience information and services related to sexual and reproductive health in Sweden?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Migration and Health. - : Elsevier. - 2666-6235. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although migrant men constitute a large and growing proportion of men in Sweden, literature exploring migrant men's experiences in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services is scarce. We aimed to explore how Arabic-speaking migrant men perceive and experience information and services related to SRH in Sweden. We conducted 13 semi-structured interviews with Arabic-speaking migrant men and analysed the data using reflexive thematic analysis. We developed four themes: 1) SRH is ‘something essential in life’; 2) the good: a transition to a ‘new open society’; 3) the bad: barriers to sexual education and health services; and 4) the why: blaming oneself or the system. SRH services and sexual education/information were perceived as needs and rights, and the participants were content with the new possibilities and the ‘new open society’. However, sexual education was not provided to most migrants, and SRH services provided to men had shortcomings that deprived some migrant men from fulfilling their needs. Moreover, internalised and cultural racism created a challenge to receive adequate/acceptable SRH services. There is a need to provide comprehensive sexual education for all, strengthen SRH services provided to men, and develop an action plan to reinforce the anti-discrimination/racism policies in healthcare and society.
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