| 1. |
- Accomando, E., et al.
(författare)
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Physics with e + e - linear colliders
- 1998
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - 0370-1573. ; 299:1, s. 1-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The physics potential of e + e - linear colliders is summarized in this report. These machines are planned to operate in the first phase at a center-of-mass energy of 500 GeV, before being scaled up to about 1 TeV. In the second phase of the operation, a final energy of about 2 TeV is expected. The machines will allow us to perform precision tests of the heavy particles in the Standard Model, the top quark and the electroweak bosons. They are ideal facilities for exploring the properties of Higgs particles, in particular in the intermediate mass range. New vector bosons and novel matter particles in extended gauge theories can be searched for and studied thoroughly. The machines provide unique opportunities for the discovery of particles in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model, the spectrum of Higgs particles, the supersymmetric partners of the electroweak gauge and Higgs bosons, and of the matter particles. High precision analyses of their properties and interactions will allow for extrapolations to energy scales close to the Planck scale where gravity becomes significant. In alternative scenarios, i.e. compositeness models, novel matter particles and interactions can be discovered and investigated in the energy range above the existing colliders up to the TeV scale. Whatever scenario is realized in Nature, the discovery potential of e + e - linear colliders and the high precision with which the properties of particles and their interactions can be analyzed, define an exciting physics program complementary to hadron machines.
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| 2. |
- Moortgat-Pick, G., et al.
(författare)
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Polarized positrons and electrons at the linear collider
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physics reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 460:4-5, s. 131-243
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proposed International Linear Collider (ILC) is well-suited for discovering physics beyond the Standard Model and for precisely unraveling the structure of the underlying physics. The physics return can be maximized by the use of polarized beams. This report shows the paramount role of polarized beams and summarizes the benefits obtained from polarizing the positron beam, as well as the electron beam. The physics case for this option is illustrated explicitly by analyzing reference reactions in different physics scenarios. The results show that positron polarization, combined with the clean experimental environment provided by the linear collider, allows to improve strongly the potential of searches for new particles and the identification of their dynamics, which opens the road to resolve shortcomings of the Standard Model. The report also presents an overview of possible designs for polarizing both beams at the ILC, as well as for measuring their polarization.
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| 5. |
- Bartl-Pokorny, K. D., et al.
(författare)
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Eye Tracking in Basic Research and Clinical Practice
- 2013
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Ingår i: Klinische Neurophysiologie. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1434-0275 .- 1439-4081. ; 44:3, s. 193-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eye tracking is a non-invasive technique based on infrared video technology that is used to analyse eye movements. Such analyses might provide insights into perceptual and cognitive capacities. It is a method widely used in various disciplines, such as ophthalmology, neurology, psychiatry and neuropsychology for basic science, but also clinical practice. For example, recent studies on children who were later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders revealed early abnormal eye movement patterns in socio-communicative settings; children with dyslexia appeared also to have peculiar eye movement patterns, expressed in longer fixation durations and smaller saccades while reading. Current research using eye tracking systems in combination with neurophysiological and brain imaging techniques will add to a better understanding of cognitive, linguistic and socio-communicative development and in the near future possibly also lead to a broader clinical application of this method.
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| 6. |
- Bolte, S., et al.
(författare)
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How can clinicians detect and treat autism early? Methodological trends of technology use in research
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 105:2, s. 137-144
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We reviewed original research papers that used quantifiable technology to detect early autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and identified 376 studies from 34 countries from 1965 to 2013. Publications have increased significantly since 2000, with most coming from the USA. Electroencephalogram, magnetic resonance imaging and eye tracking were the most frequently used technologies. Conclusion: The use of quantifiable technology to detect early ASD has increased in recent decades, but has had limited impact on early detection and treatment. Further scientific developments are anticipated, and we hope that they will increasingly be used in clinical practice for early ASD screening, diagnosis and intervention.
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| 10. |
- Lancini, E., et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid and positron-emission tomography biomarkers for noradrenergic dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Brain Communications. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2632-1297. ; 5:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The noradrenergic system shows pathological modifications in aging and neurodegenerative diseases and undergoes substantial neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. While a coherent picture of structural decline in post-mortem and in vivo MRI measures seems to emerge, whether this translates into a consistent decline in available noradrenaline levels is unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of noradrenergic differences in Alzheimer's disease dementia and Parkinson's disease using CSF and PET biomarkers. CSF noradrenaline and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol levels as well as noradrenaline transporters availability, measured with PET, were summarized from 26 articles using a random-effects model meta-analysis. Compared to controls, individuals with Parkinson's disease showed significantly decreased levels of CSF noradrenaline and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, as well as noradrenaline transporters availability in the hypothalamus. In Alzheimer's disease dementia, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol but not noradrenaline levels were increased compared to controls. Both CSF and PET biomarkers of noradrenergic dysfunction reveal significant alterations in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease dementia. However, further studies are required to understand how these biomarkers are associated to the clinical symptoms and pathology. Lancini et al. showed that compared to controls, CSF and PET noradrenergic biomarkers are decreased in Parkinson's disease, while in Alzheimer's disease, only CSF noradrenaline metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol levels are significantly increased. Further studies should determine how CSF measures of noradrenergic dysfunction are related to pathology and clinical symptoms.
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