| 1. |
- Bartusch, Cajsa, 1965-
(författare)
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Boosting behavioral change in residential electricity consumption : demand response programs and feedback
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As part of realizing national and European climate ambitions, it is imperative to bring about increased energy efficiency and consumption flexibility in the residential sector of the Swedish power market. In addition to governmental policy instruments to this end, market-based measures play an important role in making behavioral change in domestic electricity use happen. In light of the prevailing lack of incentives for residential consumers to save electricity and cut peak demand at times of physical and financial market constraints, the research studies that form the basis of this thesis have the aim of adding to the body of knowledge on policy instruments for the purpose of boosting behavioral change in residential electricity consumption. The research has accordingly contributed to the general statistics on residential electricity consumption, which constitute the starting point for policy instrument development, and augmented knowledge on the merits of residential demand response programs involving hourly settlements in power trading and demand-based, time-of-use tariffs in power distribution as well as graphic feedback on individual households’ electricity use by means of a statistics service provided over the Internet. The overall results have shown that household behavior, together with physical factors such as heating systems, help explain the sizeable differences in electricity consumption among homeowners. Statistical analysis of variance has in this context proven to be an effective method for identifying key indicators of policy development. Power suppliers and electricity consumers as well as society as a whole have been found to gain substantially from hourly settlements in retail. To suppliers, the greatest benefits are associated with risk management, while the major advantage to customers is that they are provided with an opportunity to reduce their electricity costs. It has also been empirically demonstrated that electricity users are willing to adjust their consumption to a demand-based, time-varying distribution tariff. Households generally have a favorable attitude towards this type of distribution tariff, seeing as they indirectly have a positive impact on the environment. Providing households with feedback over the Internet on their individual electricity use and demand has been shown to contribute to an increased awareness and lead to energy efficiency in homes. Easy accessibility and simplicity have proven to be key success factors in this context. Combining conventional bar charts, color symbolism and historic feedback is expedient in this respect.
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| 2. |
- Bartusch, Cajsa, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Climate-smart information design: Visualizing residential electricity use over the Internet
- 2011
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Ingår i: Information Design Journal. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 0142-5471 .- 1569-979X. ; 19:1, s. 3-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In light of global warming, energy conservation is indispensable. Residential electricity use nevertheless escapes consumers’ notice. Thus feedback is essential, yet households’ access to information is extremely limited. Smart metering makes continuous feedback over the Internet possible, but users perceive existing web tools to be inaccessible and incomprehensible. Hence the aim has been to design a user interface to increase awareness and energy efficiency in households. Ease of access and straightforwardness has been established as key factors and conventional bar charts in combination with colour coding have proved useful in this respect.
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| 3. |
- Bartusch, Cajsa, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Dansmästaren : Dansar elbilsägare efter det lokala elnätets pipa?
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Titeln “Dansmästaren” syftar till mobilitetshuset i Uppsala med samma namn och undertiteln ”Dansar elbilsägare efter det lokala elnätets pipa” till parkörers drivkrafter och hinder att vara flexibla när de laddar sina el- och hybridbilar. Studiens resultat visar att smart laddning är mindre problematiskt i anslutning till bostaden än på publika parkeringsplatser. Detta eftersom osäkerheten är mindre och tillförlitligheten större i samband med den förra och vice versa med den senare. Ekonomiska incitament tenderar att vara en viktig drivkraft, och rädslan för utebliven laddning och laddblockning, betydande barriärer för flexibel laddning vid publik parkering.
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| 4. |
- Bartusch, Cajsa, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring variance in residential electricity consumption : Household features and building properties
- 2012
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 92, s. 637-643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improved means of controlling electricity consumption plays an important part in boosting energy efficiency in the Swedish power market. Developing policy instruments to that end requires more in-depth statistics on electricity use in the residential sector, among other things. The aim of the study has accordingly been to assess the extent of variance in annual electricity consumption in single-family homes as well as to estimate the impact of household features and building properties in this respect using independent samples t-tests and one-way as well as univariate independent samples analyses of variance. Statistically significant variances associated with geographic area, heating system, number of family members, family composition, year of construction, electric water heater and electric underfloor heating have been established. The overall result of the analyses is nevertheless that variance in residential electricity consumption cannot be fully explained by independent variables related to household and building characteristics alone. As for the methodological approach, the results further suggest that methods for statistical analysis of variance are of considerable value in indentifying key indicators for policy update and development.
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| 5. |
- Bartusch, Cajsa, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Further exploring the potential of residential demand response programs in electricity distribution
- 2014
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 125, s. 39-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smart grids play a key role in realizing climate ambitions. Boosting consumption flexibility is an essential measure in bringing the potential gains of smart grids to fruition. The collective scientific understanding of demand response programs argues that time-of-use tariffs have proven its merits. The findings upon which this conclusion rests are, however, primarily derived from studies covering energy-based time-of-use rates over fairly short periods of time. Hence, this empirical study set out with the intention of estimating the extent of response to a demand-based time-of-use electricity distribution tariff among Swedish single-family homes in the long term. The results show that six years after the implementation households still respond to the price signals of the tariff by cutting demand in peak hours and shifting electricity consumption from peak to off-peak hours. Studies conducted in the Nordic countries commonly include only homeowners and so another aim of the study was to explore the potential of demand response programs among households living in apartment buildings. The demand-based tariff proved to bring about similar, but not as marked, effects in rental apartments, whereas there are virtually no corresponding evidences of demand response in condominium apartments.
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| 6. |
- Bartusch, Cajsa, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing a demand-based electricity distribution tariff in the residential sector : demand response and customer perception
- 2011
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 39:9, s. 5008-5025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased demand response is essential to fully exploit the Swedish power system, which in turn is an absolute prerequisite for meeting political goals related to energy efficiency and climate change. Demand response programs are, nonetheless, still exceptional in the residential sector of the Swedish electricity market, one contributory factor being lack of knowledge about the extent of the potential gains. In light of these circumstances, this empirical study set out with the intention of estimating the scope of households’ response to, and assessing customers’ perception of, a demand-based time-of-use electricity distribution tariff. The results show that households as a whole have a fairly high opinion of the demand-based tariff and act on its intrinsic price signals by decreasing peak demand in peak periods and shifting electricity use from peak to off-peak periods.
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| 7. |
- Bartusch, Cajsa, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Marknadsstyrd effekttariff : Efterfrågeflexibilitet i kundgruppen 35-63A
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet utgör en fallstudie beträffande implementeringen av en marknadsstyrd effekttariff i kundsegmentet 35-63 A inom eldistributionen. Studien genomförs inom ramen för ett pilotprojekt på Sandviken Energi Elnät AB och i nära samarbete med övriga nätbolag som omfattas av nätverket Elinorr.En ökad efterfrågeflexibilitet, det vill säga en anpassning av elanvändningen till överförings- och produktionskapaciteten i energisystemet, är ett viktigt led i de politiska ambitionerna att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser samt att öka energieffektiviseringen och andelen förnyelsebara energikällor. En viktig premiss för realiseringen av dessa mål är så kallade smarta elnät. Dessa förväntas möjliggöra övergången från en fossilberoende till en eldriven fordonspark och den storskaliga integrationen av el från exempelvis sol och vind i energisystemet, vilket i sin tur både påverkar och ställer krav på elkonsumenters beteende. För att klara omställningen till ett uthålligt energisystem måste det således skapas förutsättningar för elkonsumenter att medverka till en effektivare elanvändning.Mot denna bakgrund har nätbolagen som omfattas av Elinorr utvecklat ett tariffkoncept, som kallas ”marknadsstyrd effekttariff” och syftar till att skapa incitament för efterfrågeflexibilitet inom eldistributionen. Grundprincipen är att tariffen uppdateras årligen med utgångspunkt från de två föregående årens lastkurvor. Kunderna påverkar således nästkommande års tariff via sitt elanvändningsmönster. Effektavgiften varierar från månad till månad och är baserad på den sammanlagrade maxeffekten i samtliga kundsegment. Det övergripande syftet med projektet är att empiriskt studera effekten av den marknadsstyrda effekttariffen på elanvändningsmönstret samt elkonsumenternas uppfattning om och förståelse för densamma.Den 1 maj 2015 införde Sandviken Energi Elnät AB, som omfattas av Elinorr, den marknadsstyrda effekttariffen i kundsegmentet 35-63A. Analyserna avseende den marknadsstyrda effekttariffens inverkan på lastkurvans profil är baserade på timvisa elkonsumtionsdata från denna grupp elkonsumenter i Sandviken och motsvarande kundsegment i referensområdet Sundsvall. Delstudien som avser kundperspektivet är baserad på djupintervjuer och en enkätstudie.Studiens resultat påvisar att implementeringen av den marknadsstyrda effekttariffen, trots låg kännedom om dess existens, har haft en effekt på elanvändningsmönstret och att denna tenderar att öka över tid.
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| 8. |
- Bartusch, Cajsa, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Opening the black box of demand response : Exploring the cognitive processes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evaluations of price-based demand response programs tend to focus on users' electricity use patterns and/or their practical experiences. Less is known about the effects that price-based demand response programs have on cognitive drivers and barriers to energy-using behaviors and habits, or how well these predict timing of households' electricity use. This study seeks to address this gap by evaluating the effects of a mandatory demand-based time-of-use distribution tariff, using electricity-meter and questionnaire data in an intervention and a reference area, and a structural equation model following the theory of planned behavior. Although no effect was found of the tariff on the actual proportion of peak-hour use, there were significant effects on users’ intentions and motivations to shift electricity use to off-peak hours. The absence of effect on the proportion of peak-hour use seems explained by the facts that only a minority of consumers were aware of their tariffs, and by the (at least partially correct) beliefs that consumers used very little electricity and most of it was already used in off-peak hours. The relationships between intentions, drivers and the actual proportion of peak-hour use were stronger in the intervention area, compared to the reference area. Interestingly, this was true not only for the motivation targeted by the tariff, economic savings, but also for sustainability concerns and social norms. This suggests that effects of the tariff may partly run via other non-monetary motivators.
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| 9. |
- Bartusch, Cajsa, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Potential of hourly settlements in the residential sector of the Swedish electricity market : Estimations of risk reduction and economic result
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Green Energy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1543-5075 .- 1543-5083. ; 7:3, s. 224-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased demand response is essential in order to boost the effectiveness of the Swedish power market. The all-embracing installation of automatic meter reading systems enables power suppliers to introduce hourly settlements in the residential sector. The aim of the study has been to assess the impact of electricity retailers’ physical and financial risk in customer segments with different heating systems as well as to estimate the potential of the electricity contract ”Fixed price with the right to return” in terms of economic consequences and risk management. The results show that households whose main heating system consists of a geothermal heat pump constitute the largest physical price and volume risk of suppliers. The gain of introducing hourly settlements in the residential electricity market has furthermore proven to be manifold from both an economic and risk reducing point of view.
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| 10. |
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