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- Rauer, H., et al.
(författare)
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The PLATO 2.0 mission
- 2014
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Ingår i: Experimental astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 38:1-2, s. 249-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PLATO 2.0 has recently been selected for ESA's M3 launch opportunity (2022/24). Providing accurate key planet parameters (radius, mass, density and age) in statistical numbers, it addresses fundamental questions such as: How do planetary systems form and evolve? Are there other systems with planets like ours, including potentially habitable planets? The PLATO 2.0 instrument consists of 34 small aperture telescopes (32 with 25 s readout cadence and 2 with 2.5 s cadence) providing a wide field-of-view (2232 deg(2)) and a large photometric magnitude range (4-16 mag). It focuses on bright (4-11 mag) stars in wide fields to detect and characterize planets down to Earth-size by photometric transits, whose masses can then be determined by ground-based radial-velocity follow-up measurements. Asteroseismology will be performed for these bright stars to obtain highly accurate stellar parameters, including masses and ages. The combination of bright targets and asteroseismology results in high accuracy for the bulk planet parameters: 2 %, 4-10 % and 10 % for planet radii, masses and ages, respectively. The planned baseline observing strategy includes two long pointings (2-3 years) to detect and bulk characterize planets reaching into the habitable zone (HZ) of solar-like stars and an additional step-and-stare phase to cover in total about 50 % of the sky. PLATO 2.0 will observe up to 1,000,000 stars and detect and characterize hundreds of small planets, and thousands of planets in the Neptune to gas giant regime out to the HZ. It will therefore provide the first large-scale catalogue of bulk characterized planets with accurate radii, masses, mean densities and ages. This catalogue will include terrestrial planets at intermediate orbital distances, where surface temperatures are moderate. Coverage of this parameter range with statistical numbers of bulk characterized planets is unique to PLATO 2.0. The PLATO 2.0 catalogue allows us to e. g.: - complete our knowledge of planet diversity for low-mass objects, - correlate the planet mean density-orbital distance distribution with predictions from planet formation theories,- constrain the influence of planet migration and scattering on the architecture of multiple systems, and - specify how planet and system parameters change with host star characteristics, such as type, metallicity and age. The catalogue will allow us to study planets and planetary systems at different evolutionary phases. It will further provide a census for small, low-mass planets. This will serve to identify objects which retained their primordial hydrogen atmosphere and in general the typical characteristics of planets in such a low-mass, low-density range. Planets detected by PLATO 2.0 will orbit bright stars and many of them will be targets for future atmosphere spectroscopy exploring their atmospheres. Furthermore, the mission has the potential to detect exomoons, planetary rings, binary and Trojan planets. The planetary science possible with PLATO 2.0 is complemented by its impact on stellar and galactic science via asteroseismology as well as light curves of all kinds of variable stars, together with observations of stellar clusters of different ages. This will allow us to improve stellar models and study stellar activity. A large number of well-known ages from red giant stars will probe the structure and evolution of our Galaxy. Asteroseismic ages of bright stars for different phases of stellar evolution allow calibrating stellar age-rotation relationships. Together with the results of ESA's Gaia mission, the results of PLATO 2.0 will provide a huge legacy to planetary, stellar and galactic science.
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- Caplin, M. E., et al.
(författare)
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Pulmonary neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors : European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society expert consensus and recommendations for best practice for typical and atypical pulmonary carcinoids
- 2015
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 26:8, s. 1604-1620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pulmonary carcinoids (PCs) are rare tumors. As there is a paucity of randomized studies, this expert consensus document represents an initiative by the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society to provide guidance on their management. Patients and methods: Bibliographical searches were carried out in PubMed for the terms 'pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors', 'bronchial neuroendocrine tumors', 'bronchial carcinoid tumors', 'pulmonary carcinoid', 'pulmonary typical/atypical carcinoid', and 'pulmonary carcinoid and diagnosis/treatment/epidemiology/prognosis'. A systematic review of the relevant literature was carried out, followed by expert review. Results: PCs are well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors and include low-and intermediate-grade malignant tumors, i.e. typical (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC), respectively. Contrast CT scan is the diagnostic gold standard for PCs, but pathology examination is mandatory for their correct classification. Somatostatin receptor imaging may visualize nearly 80% of the primary tumors and is most sensitive for metastatic disease. Plasma chromogranin A can be increased in PCs. Surgery is the treatment of choice for PCs with the aim of removing the tumor and preserving as much lung tissue as possible. Resection of metastases should be considered whenever possible with curative intent. Somatostatin analogs are the first-line treatment of carcinoid syndrome and may be considered as first-line systemic antiproliferative treatment in unresectable PCs, particularly of low-grade TC and AC. Locoregional or radiotargeted therapies should be considered for metastatic disease. Systemic chemotherapy is used for progressive PCs, although cytotoxic regimens have demonstrated limited effects with etoposide and platinum combination the most commonly used, however, temozolomide has shown most clinical benefit. Conclusions: PCs are complex tumors which require a multidisciplinary approach and long-term follow-up.
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- Lueftinger, T., et al.
(författare)
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Surface structure of the CoRoT CP2 target star HD50773
- 2010
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 509:1, s. A43-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. We compare surface maps of the chemically peculiar star HD50773 produced with a Bayesian technique and based on high quality CoRoT photometry with those derived from rotation phase resolved spectropolarimetry. The goal is to investigate the correlation of surface brightness with surface chemical abundance distribution and the stellar magnetic surface field. Methods. The rotational period of the star was determined from a nearly 60 days long continuous light curve obtained during the initial run of CoRoT. Using a Bayesian approach to star-spot modelling, which in this work is applied for the first time for the photometric mapping of a CP star, we derived longitudes, latitudes and radii of four different spot areas. Additional parameters like stellar inclination and the spot's intensities were also determined. The CoRoT observations triggered an extensive ground-based spectroscopic and spectropolarimetric observing campaign and enabled us to obtain 19 different high resolution spectra in Stokes parameters I and V with NARVAL, ESPaDOnS, and SemelPol spectropolarimeters. Doppler and Magnetic Doppler imaging techniques allowed us to derive the magnetic field geometry of the star and the surface abundance distributions of Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Y, and Cu. Results. We find a dominant dipolar structure of the surface magnetic field. The CoRoT light curve variations and abundances of most elements mapped are correlated with the aforementioned geometry: Cr, Fe, and Si are enhanced around the magnetic poles and coincide with the bright regions on the surface of HD50773 as predicted by our light curve synthesis and confirmed by photometric imaging.
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| 9. |
- Chenot, E., et al.
(författare)
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Diagenetic and detrital influences on clay mineralogy and carbon isotope geochemistry of Campanian-Maastrichtian sediments in the Tremp-Graus Basin (southern Pyrenees, Spain) : [Influencias diagenéticas y detríticas en la mineralogía de las arcillas y en la geoquímica de los isótopos de carbono de los sedimentos del Campaniano-Maastrichtiano de la cuenca de Tremp-Graus (sur de los Pirineos, España)]
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Iberian Geology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1698-6180 .- 1886-7995. ; 48:1, s. 29-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 1000 m-thick sequence of Upper Cretaceous sediments outcropping in the Isabena Valley (Tremp-Graus Basin, Spain) has been studied to explore the evolution of environmental conditions that prevailed in this basin. A biostratigraphic study based on calcareous nannofossils was carried out to better constraint the age of the deposits, supplemented by carbon isotope stratigraphy on bulk carbonates. Clay mineral assemblages were identified by X-Ray diffraction combined with organic matter (OM) characterisation by Rock–Eval pyrolysis. The Late Campanian Event and Campanian Maastrichtian Boundary Event are clearly identified from the new δ13Ccarb dataset. The clay assemblage is composed of a complex mixture of chlorite, illite, kaolinite and mixed-layers including illite–smectite and chlorite–smectite. A progressive illitisation of smectite is recorded from the top to the base of the section due to the increasing burial depth. This evolution is consistent with increasing Tmax values of OM evolving from 425 (immature OM) to 449 °C (mature OM) from the top to the base of the section. Thus, detrital minerals are preserved only in the upper part of the section. The clay sedimentation is dominated by smectites likely originating from the Ebro massif, while increasing proportions of kaolinite are recorded from the uppermost Campanian and during the Maastrichtian. This evolution of the clay mineral assemblage is interpreted as a result from a change of source from south to northeast, with contributions from kaolinite-rich weathering profiles (including bauxites) to the northeast of the study area, reflecting a more hydrolysing climate.
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| 10. |
- Knigge, U., et al.
(författare)
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ENETS Consensus Recommendations for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms : Follow-Up and Documentation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 105:3, s. 310-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ENETS consensus recommendations for the standards of care in neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) concerning follow-up and documentation are considered in this review. The documentation of patients with NEN should include the most relevant data characterizing an individual patient from the first contact with his/her physician/hospital until his/her last presentation during follow-up. It is advocated that follow-up occurs in specialized NEN centers with regular NEN tumor boards with expert panels. The follow-up should be in accordance with the ENETS consensus guidelines from 2011 and 2016, the present and coming WHO classification and ENETS/UICC recommendations for TNM staging. The recommendations for follow-up in patients with thymic, bronchopulmonary and gastroenteropancreatic NEN are given in Table 1. However, it should be stressed that evidence-based studies for follow-up are largely missing.
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