| 1. |
- Be'eri-Shlevin, Yaron, et al.
(författare)
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Provenance of Neoproterozoic sediments in the Sarv nappes (Middle Allochthon) of the Scandinavian Caledonides : LA-ICP-MS and SIMS U-Pb dating of detrital zircons
- 2011
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Ingår i: Precambrian Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-9268 .- 1872-7433. ; 187:1-2, s. 181-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present U-Pb age data for detrital zircons from dike-intruded Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks of the Caledonian Middle Allochthon in central Sweden and Norway. Detrital zircons from 11 samples from the Sarv, Saetra and upper Leksdal nappes (informally referred to as the Sarv nappes) are clustered within ca. 0.9-1.75 Ga, but display a bimodal distribution with major ca. 1.45-1.75 Ga and ca. 0.9-1.2 Ga components. An apparent increase of younger (0.9-1.2 Ga) components to the northwest reflects varying source terranes. Detrital zircons from an additional sample from the lower part of the Leksdal Nappe, of uncertain affiliation to the Sarv has a prominent 1.75-1.85 Ga component supporting previous suggestions that this part of the nappe belonged to a more proximal basin. Comparison of the Sarv age probability patterns with data from basement windows and basement slices within the Middle Allochthon in central Sweden and Norway supports the derivation of the sediments from the attenuated Baltican continental crust on which they were presumably deposited. Similar comparisons suggest that derivation from the southern segment of the Fennoscandian Shield or from eastern segments of Laurentia is less likely, mostly because they include also older components. We infer that the ca. 200 km wide belt of attenuated Baltican continental crust included northern extensions of Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic terranes exposed in the southern part of the Fennoscandian Shield and the easternmost part of Laurentia, which at ca. 900 Ma were still adjacent. Pre-1.75 Ga terranes of the Fennoscandian Shield were probably isolated from the Sarv distal basin(s) by intracratonic basins and uplifted margins associated with early development of this extended continental crust. The significantly older ages in the lower part of the Leksdal Nappe and its inferred more proximal position support this model. The proposed northern extension of Mesoproterozoic-early Neoproterozoic terranes can explain in a simpler way the occurrence of such detritus in many Caledonide-Appalachian allochthons exposed at the margins of the North Atlantic, with no need to infer large displacement along the axis of the Caledonide Orogen or to postulate selective transport of Grenville-age material from the south over large distances.One of our Sarv samples located at the Norwegian coast revealed Caledonian reworking at ca. 395 Ma. This age agrees with ages of late-tectonic amphibolite-facies metamorphism and pegmatite intrusion recorded in this part of the Caledonides.
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| 2. |
- Broska, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Devonian/Mississippian I-type granitoids in the Western Carpathians : A subduction-related hybrid magmatism
- 2013
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Ingår i: Lithos. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-4937 .- 1872-6143. ; 162, s. 27-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SIMS zircon U-Pb dating of I-type granitoids from four Variscan crystalline basement outcrops in the Western Carpathians (Tribec, Nizke Tatry, Cierna Hora and Slovenske Rudohorie Mts.) implies that they originated between 367 and 353 Ma. Therefore, they belong to the earliest Variscan I-type granitoids. The oldest Devonian age at ca. 367-364 Ma is obtained from an enclave-bearing tonalite and associated dikes of the Tribe Mts. Several granodiorites from the Nizke Tatry, Vepor and Cierna Hora Mts. (353-357 Ma) show younger, Early Carboniferous ages. These data require a re-assessment of older models that explained the genesis of I-type granitoids in the Western Carpathians based on the assumption of younger, Middle to Upper Carboniferous ages. The I-type granite massifs of the Western Carpathians most probably originated in an arc-related environment within the Galatian superterrane, an assemblage of Gondwana derived fragments. The early age of I-type magmatism in the Western Carpathians marks the beginning of a north-dipping subduction of the Paleotethys ocean under Ibero-Ligerian and intra-Alpine terranes. We suggest a term "Proto-Tatricum" for that part of the Galatian superterrane where Devonian/Mississippian I-type granitoids were emplaced. Now the granitoids are incorporated as a part of crystalline basement into the Alpine Tatric and Veporic units within present West-Carpathian mountain chain.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Gee, David G., et al.
(författare)
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The Baltoscandian margin detrital zircon signatures of the central Scandes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Geological Society, London, Special Publications. ; 390, s. 131-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In central parts of the Scandinavian Caledonides, detrital zircon signatures provide evidence of the change in character of the Baltoscandian crystalline basement, from the characteristic Late Palaeoproterozoic granites of the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt (TIB, c. 1650–1850 Ma) in the foreland Autochthon to the typical, mainly Mesoproterozoic-age profile (c. 950–1700 Ma) of the Sveconorwegian Orogen of southwestern Scandinavia in the hinterland. Late Ediacaran to Early Cambrian shallow-marine Vemdal quartzites of the Jämtlandian Nappes (Lower Allochthon) provide strong bimodal signatures with TIB (1700–1800 Ma) and Sveconorwegian, sensu stricto (900–1150 Ma) ages dominant. Mid-Ordovician turbidites (Norråker Formation) of the Lower Allochthon in Sweden, sourced from the west, have unimodal signatures dominated by Sveconorwegian ages with peaks at 1000–1100 Ma, but with subordinate components of older Mesoproterozoic zircons (1200–1650 Ma). Latest Ordovician shallow-marine quartzites also yield bimodal signatures, but are more dispersed than in the Vemdal quartzites. In the greenschist facies lower parts of the Middle Allochthon, the Fuda (Offerdal Nappe) and Särv Nappe signatures are either unimodal or bimodal (950–1100 and/or 1700–1850 Ma), with variable dominance of the younger or older group, and subordinate other Mesoproterozoic components. In the overlying, amphibolite to eclogite facies lower part of the Seve Nappe Complex, where the metasediments are dominated by feldspathic quartzites, calcsilicate-rich psammites and marbles, most units have bimodal signatures similar to the Särv Nappes, but more dispersed; one has a unimodal signature very similar to the Ordovician turbidites of the Jämtlandian Nappes. In the overlying Upper Allochthon, Lower Köli (Baltica-proximal, Virisen Terrane), Late Ordovician quartzites provide unimodal signatures dominated by Sveconorwegian ages (sensu stricto). Further north in the Scandes, previously published zircon signatures in quartzites of the Lower Allochthon are similar to the Vemdal quartzites in Jämtland. Data from the Kalak Nappes at 70°N are in no way exotic to the Sveconorwegian Baltoscandian margin. They do show a Timanian influence (ages of c. 560–610 Ma), as would be expected from the palinspastic reconstructions of the nappes. Thus the detrital zircon signatures reported here and published elsewhere provide supporting evidence for a continuation northwards of the Sveconorwegian Orogen in the Neoproterozoic, from type areas in the south, along the Baltoscandian margin of Baltica into the high Arctic.
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| 5. |
- Lewis, Abigail S. L., et al.
(författare)
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Anoxia begets anoxia : A positive feedback to the deoxygenation of temperate lakes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 30:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Declining oxygen concentrations in the deep waters of lakes worldwide pose a pressing environmental and societal challenge. Existing theory suggests that low deep-water dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations could trigger a positive feedback through which anoxia (i.e., very low DO) during a given summer begets increasingly severe occurrences of anoxia in following summers. Specifically, anoxic conditions can promote nutrient release from sediments, thereby stimulating phytoplankton growth, and subsequent phytoplankton decomposition can fuel heterotrophic respiration, resulting in increased spatial extent and duration of anoxia. However, while the individual relationships in this feedback are well established, to our knowledge, there has not been a systematic analysis within or across lakes that simultaneously demonstrates all of the mechanisms necessary to produce a positive feedback that reinforces anoxia. Here, we compiled data from 656 widespread temperate lakes and reservoirs to analyze the proposed anoxia begets anoxia feedback. Lakes in the dataset span a broad range of surface area (1–126,909 ha), maximum depth (6–370 m), and morphometry, with a median time-series duration of 30 years at each lake. Using linear mixed models, we found support for each of the positive feedback relationships between anoxia, phosphorus concentrations, chlorophyll a concentrations, and oxygen demand across the 656-lake dataset. Likewise, we found further support for these relationships by analyzing time-series data from individual lakes. Our results indicate that the strength of these feedback relationships may vary with lake-specific characteristics: For example, we found that surface phosphorus concentrations were more positively associated with chlorophyll a in high-phosphorus lakes, and oxygen demand had a stronger influence on the extent of anoxia in deep lakes. Taken together, these results support the existence of a positive feedback that could magnify the effects of climate change and other anthropogenic pressures driving the development of anoxia in lakes around the world.
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| 6. |
- Majka, Jaroslaw, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple monazite growth in the Areskutan migmatite: evidence for a polymetamorphic Late Ordovician to Late Silurian evolution in the Seve Nappe Complex of west-central Jamtland, Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Geosciences. - : Czech Geological Society. - 1802-6222 .- 1803-1943. ; 57:1, s. 3-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monazite from granulite-facies rocks of the angstrom reskutan Nappe in the Scandinavian Caledonides (Seve Nappe Complex, Sweden) was dated using in-situ U-Th-total Pb chemical geochronology (CHIME). Multi-spot analyses of a non-sheared migmatite neosome yielded an age of 439 +/- 3 Ma, whereas a sheared migmatite gave 433 +/- 3 Ma (2 sigma). Although the obtained dates are rather similar, a continuous array of single dates from c. 400 Ma to c. 500 Ma suggests possibly a more complex monazite age pattern in the studied rocks. The grouping and recalculation of the obtained results in respect to Y-Th-U systematics and microtextural context allowed distinguishing several different populations of monazite grains/growth zones. In the migmatite neosome, low-Th and low-Y domains dated at 455 +/- 11 Ma are considered to have grown under high-grade sub-solidus conditions, most likely during a progressive burial metamorphic event. The monazites with higher Th and lower Y yielded an age of 439 +/- 4 Ma marking the subsequent partial melting event caused by decompression. The youngest (423 +/- 13 Ma) Y-enriched monazite reveals features of fluid-assisted growth and is interpreted to date the emplacement of the Areskutan onto the Lower Seve Nappe. In the sheared migmatite, the high-Th and low-U (high Th/U) monazite with variable Y contents yielded an age of 438 +/- 4 Ma, which is interpreted to date the partial melting event. Relatively U-rich rims on some of the monazite grains again reveal features of fluid-assisted growth, and thus their age of 424 +/- 6 Ma is interpreted as timing of the nappes emplacement. These results call, however, for further more precise, isotopic (preferably ion microprobe) dating of monazite in the studied rocks.
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| 7. |
- Majka, Jaroslaw, et al.
(författare)
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Torellian (c. 640 Ma) metamorphic overprint of Tonian (c. 950 Ma) basement in the Caledonides of southwestern Svalbard
- 2014
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Ingår i: Geological Magazine. - 0016-7568 .- 1469-5081. ; 151:4, s. 732-748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ion microprobe dating in Wedel Jarlsberg Land, southwestern Spitsbergen, provides new evidence of early Neoproterozoic (c. 950 Ma) meta-igneous rocks, the Berzeliuseggene Igneous Suite, and late Neoproterozoic (c. 640 Ma) amphibolite-facies metamorphism. The older ages are similar to those obtained previously in northwestern Spitsbergen and Nordaustlandet where they are related to the Tonian age Nordaustlandet Orogeny. The younger ages complement those obtained recently from elsewhere in Wedel Jarlsberg Land of Torellian deformation and metamorphism at 640 Ma. The Berzeliuseggene Igneous Suite occurs in gently N-dipping, top-to-the-S-directed thrust sheets on the eastern and western sides of Antoniabreen where it is tectonically intercalated with younger Neoproterozoic sedimentary formations, suggesting that it provided a lower Tonian basement on which upper Tonian to Cryogenian sediments (Deilegga Group) were deposited. They were deformed together during the Torellian Orogeny, prior to deposition of Ediacaran successions (Sofiebogen Group) and overlying Cambro-Ordovician shelf carbonates, and subsequent Caledonian and Cenozoic deformation. The regional importance of the late Neoproterozoic Torellian Orogeny in Svalbard's Southwestern Province and its correlation in time with the Timanian Orogeny in the northern Urals as well as tectonostratigraphic similarities between the Timanides and Pearya (northwestern Ellesmere Island) favour connection of these terranes prior to the opening of the Iapetus Ocean and Caledonian Orogeny.
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