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| 2. |
- Iqbal, A, et al.
(författare)
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Alstom’s Chemical Looping Prototypes
- 2012
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Ingår i: 37th International Technical Conference on Clean Coal & Fuel Systems June 3-7, 2012 Clearwater, FL, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Linderholm, Carl Johan, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical-Looping Coal Combustion – Results from the ACCLAIM project
- 2014
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Ingår i: 3rd International Conference on Chemical Looping.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This work concerns the first 22 months of the 30-month ACCLAIM project. The project has involved both experimental activities in CLC pilots of 1.5 kW, 10 kW and 100 kW, as well as laboratory investigations and studies in a cold-flow model. Furthermore, investigations have been made using modelling with different approaches and with different aims.The main result of the pilot operation is that several low-cost materials should be able to improve gas conversion significantly as compared to previously tested ilmenite. Promising low cost materials include iron and manganese ores. Two manganese ores were evaluated by operation in a 10 kW CLC reactor system. These materials are called Sinfin, and Mangagran. Both materials performed well with respect to gas conversion, and oxygen demand was clearly lower as compared to ilmenite. The production rate of fines suggested an expected lifetime of around 300 h for one of the manganese materials, Sinfin, which is a distinct improvement as compared to the Buriturama ore previously tested in the 10 kW unit.Further, the fate of fuel contaminants like sulphur and nitrogen has been investigated. Models to describe fluidization and to predict conversion have been developed and are validated against operational data. Mathematical modelling and cold-flow modelling show possible ways of increasing process performance by modification of process or reactor design.A 100 kW CLC unit was operated with a mixture of ilmenite and a Brazilian manganese ore called Buritirama, which had been tested in a previous project and had been found to be much more reactive than ilmenite, although concerns had been raised regarding the attrition resistance. The mixture of ilmenite and Buritirama gave significant improvements in gas conversion in comparison to ilmenite.
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| 4. |
- Linderholm, Carl Johan, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical-looping combustion with natural gas using spray-dried NiO-based oxygen carriers
- 2009
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Ingår i: Advances in CO2 Capture and Storage Technology (2004-2009). - 9781872691497 ; 3, s. 67-74
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The work presented in this chapter demonstrates the economical feasibility of making a good oxygen carrier from commercial raw materials using a commercial production method, i.e. spray-drying. A batch fluidized-bed reactor was used for an extensive screening of many NiO-based oxygen carriers. This screening process led to the production of two major particle batches, which were used in continuous chemical-looping experiments. High-temperature experiments in a batch-fluidized bed verified the thermal durability of the particles. The most important result presented here concerns long-term operation (> 1000 h) of a 10-kWth chemical-looping combustor using spray-dried NiO-based oxygen carriers. Conversion of the fuel was good, and increased with (a) decreased circulation, and (b) increased fuel-reactor temperature. Combustion efficiency close to 99% was accomplished using these spray-dried particles. At the end of the test series, the continuous loss of fine material was 0.003%/h, which corresponds to a particle life time of 33000 h. No decrease in reactivity was seen during these long-term tests. The fuel used in the experiments was natural gas and methane.
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