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- Lazaridis, Iosif, et al.
(författare)
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Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 513:7518, s. 409-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We sequenced the genomes of a similar to 7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight similar to 8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes(1-4) with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians(3), who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had similar to 44% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages.
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- Azorin-Molina, Cesar, et al.
(författare)
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Biases in wind speed measurements due to anemometer changes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Research. - 0169-8095. ; 289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research presents a case study of the biases and discontinuities that were introduced in observed long-term mean wind-speed and gust data-series due to anemometer changes in a meteorological station in northern Spain, operated by the Spanish State Meteorological Agency: San Sebastian-Igueldo. Field and wind-tunnel experiments with predefined conditions have been presented in the literature, however this research uses a real case study to assess the impact of anemometer changes on wind speed measurements due to three factors being: (i) the 3-cup anemometer model (SEAC vs. THIES companies); (ii) sensor height (∼19.95 m vs. ∼20.45 m) and (iii) sensor age (20-years old vs. new). Our results show (a) substantial biases in the measured wind speed and daily peak wind gusts, with the new THIES anemometer reporting stronger surface winds than the old SEAC anemometer; (b) opposing biases under weak (negative) and moderate-strong (positive) winds; and (c) significant breakpoints in the long-term wind data-series, which highlight the importance of data homogenization. National Weather Services and climate assessment groups will benefit from these findings since errors in wind speed and gust measurements can be minimized by implementing systematic observation protocols. Robust anemometer observations provide a basis for accurate quantification of the magnitude of changes and the variability of surface winds.
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- Doublet, Vincent, et al.
(författare)
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Unity in defence : honeybee workers exhibit conserved molecular responses to diverse pathogens
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1471-2164. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Organisms typically face infection by diverse pathogens, and hosts are thought to have developed specific responses to each type of pathogen they encounter. The advent of transcriptomics now makes it possible to test this hypothesis and compare host gene expression responses to multiple pathogens at a genome-wide scale. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of multiple published and new transcriptomes using a newly developed bioinformatics approach that filters genes based on their expression profile across datasets. Thereby, we identified common and unique molecular responses of a model host species, the honey bee (Apis mellifera), to its major pathogens and parasites: the Microsporidia Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, RNA viruses, and the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, which transmits viruses.Results: We identified a common suite of genes and conserved molecular pathways that respond to all investigated pathogens, a result that suggests a commonality in response mechanisms to diverse pathogens. We found that genes differentially expressed after infection exhibit a higher evolutionary rate than non-differentially expressed genes. Using our new bioinformatics approach, we unveiled additional pathogen-specific responses of honey bees; we found that apoptosis appeared to be an important response following microsporidian infection, while genes from the immune signalling pathways, Toll and Imd, were differentially expressed after Varroa/virus infection. Finally, we applied our bioinformatics approach and generated a gene co-expression network to identify highly connected (hub) genes that may represent important mediators and regulators of anti-pathogen responses.Conclusions: Our meta-analysis generated a comprehensive overview of the host metabolic and other biological processes that mediate interactions between insects and their pathogens. We identified key host genes and pathways that respond to phylogenetically diverse pathogens, representing an important source for future functional studies as well as offering new routes to identify or generate pathogen resilient honey bee stocks. The statistical and bioinformatics approaches that were developed for this study are broadly applicable to synthesize information across transcriptomic datasets. These approaches will likely have utility in addressing a variety of biological questions.
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- Ocampo, R. A., et al.
(författare)
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Formation of highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes on Ti6Al4V alloys manufactured by electron beam powder bed fusion (E-PBF)
- 2023
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. - : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 0268-3768 .- 1433-3015. ; 128:1-2, s. 257-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes were obtained by anodization on Ti6Al4V substrates manufactured by electron beam powder bed fusion (E-PBF). Effects of anodization parameters such as anodizing time, stirring, fluoride concentration, and water content were analyzed in an organic electrolyte (ethylene glycol) that contains ammonium fluoride. The ordering of the nanotubes was measured by regularity ratio calculations based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) from SEM images. It was found that for the processed specimens, the highest ordering of the TiO2 nanotubes was reached at 30 V for 5000 s with a concentration of 9 vol% H2O and 0.4 wt.% NH4F, exhibiting nanotubes free of delamination, cracks, and coral-like structures with a regularity ratio (RR) of 1.91. This work offers a simple method for creating homogeneous and organized TiO2 nanotubes on Ti6Al4V substrates manufactured by E-PBF which potentially improves its functionality in diverse industrial applications such as nanosensors, controlled-release substances, solar cells, water splitting, electrochromic devices, and Li-ion battery anodes. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
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- Ramírez, Angie, et al.
(författare)
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Comportamiento biotribológico de prototipos de implantes de la aleación Ti6Al4V fabricados por EBM y posteriormente anodizados
- 2023
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Ingår i: TecnoLógicas. - 0123-7799 .- 2256-5337. ; 26:57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Las articulaciones de la cadera pueden resultar dañadas por causas metabólicas (enfermedad degenerativa) o mecánicas (fractura), limitando su funcionalidad. Para restablecer el movimiento de la articulación, esta debe ser sustituida por una prótesis de cadera. En las articulaciones se producen fenómenos de lubricación, fricción y desgaste que, a su vez, suelen ser responsables del fallo de la prótesis, provocando su aflojamiento. Por tal motivo, el objetivo del presente estudio consistió en evaluar el comportamiento biotribológico de un prototipo de prótesis de cadera de Ti6Al4V manufacturado mediante fabricación aditiva por haz de electrones (EBM) y posteriormente modificado superficialmente mediante anodizado. Una vez obtenido el prototipo, se pulieron algunas muestras para realizar ensayos biotribológicos y otras para anodizarlas. Las pruebas biotribológicas se realizaron en un tribómetro de esfera sobre disco utilizando contracuerpos de alúmina de 6 mm de diámetro, empleando una carga de 5 N y velocidades de 30, 50 y 70 rpm. Se obtuvieron huellas de desgaste de 2 mm de diámetro, utilizando como medio un fluido corporal simulado (SBF) a una temperatura de 37 °C. El proceso EBM incrementó la dureza de la aleación Ti6Al4V respecto al proceso de forja convencional. Las muestras fabricadas por EBM, y posteriormente anodizadas, revelaron los valores más altos de coeficientes de fricción, mientras que las muestras fabricadas por forja y EBM indicaron coeficientes de fricción similares para todas las velocidades estudiadas. Adicionalmente, las muestras fabricadas por EBM, y después anodizadas, señalaron la menor tasa de desgaste, seguidas por las muestras fabricadas por EBM, mientras que las muestras fabricadas por forja evidenciaron la mayor tasa de desgaste. Igualmente, se encontró abrasión como principal mecanismo de desgaste en todas las condiciones evaluadas en las pruebas biotribológicas. Con la velocidad de 30 rpm se obtuvieron las menores tasas de desgaste para la aleación de Ti6Al4V con los diferentes procesos de fabricación; con esta misma velocidad se obtuvieron las mayores tasas de desgaste de los contracuerpos de todos los pares biotribológicos.
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- Zalakeviciute, Rasa, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of national protest in Ecuador on PM pollution.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Particulate matter (PM) accounts for millions of premature deaths in the human population every year. Due to social and economic inequality, growing human dissatisfaction manifests in waves of strikes and protests all over the world, causing paralysis of institutions, services and circulation of transport. In this study, we aim to investigate air quality in Ecuador during the national protest of 2019, by studying the evolution of PM2.5 (PM ≤ 2.5 µm) concentrations in Ecuador and its capital city Quito using ground based and satellite data. Apart from analyzing the PM2.5 evolution over time to trace the pollution changes, we employ machine learning techniques to estimate these changes relative to the business-as-usual pollution scenario. In addition, we present a chemical analysis of plant samples from an urban park housing the strike. Positive impact on regional air quality was detected for Ecuador, and an overall - 10.75 ± 17.74% reduction of particulate pollution in the capital during the protest. However, barricade burning PM peaks may contribute to a release of harmful heavy metals (tire manufacture components such as Co, Cr, Zn, Al, Fe, Pb, Mg, Ba and Cu), which might be of short- and long-term health concerns.
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