| 1. |
- Beko, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Contribution of various microenvironments to the daily personal exposure to ultrafine particles: Personal monitoring coupled with GPS tracking
- 2015
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 110, s. 122-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) may have adverse health effects. Central monitoring stations do not represent the personal exposure to UFP accurately. Few studies have previously focused on personal exposure to UFP. Sixty non-smoking residents living in Copenhagen, Denmark were asked to carry a backpack equipped with a portable monitor, continuously recording particle number concentrations (PN), in order to measure the real-time individual exposure over a period of similar to 48 h. A GPS logger was carried along with the particle monitor and allowed us to estimate the contribution of UFP exposure occurring in various microenvironments (residence, during active and passive transport, other indoor and outdoor environments) to the total daily exposure. On average, the fractional contribution of each microenvironment to the daily integrated personal exposure roughly corresponded to the fractions of the day the subjects spent in each microenvironment. The home environment accounted for 50% of the daily personal exposure. Indoor environments other than home or vehicles contributed with similar to 40%. The highest median UFP concentration was obtained during passive transport (vehicles). However, being in transit or outdoors contributed 5% or less to the daily exposure. Additionally, the subjects recorded in a diary the periods when they were at home. With this approach, 66% of the total daily exposure was attributable to the home environment. The subjects spent 28% more time at home according to the diary, compared to the GPS. These results may indicate limitations of using diaries, but also possible inaccuracy and miss-classification in the GPS data. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Cabovska, Blanka, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Measured and perceived IEQ under different ventilation strategies in Swedish classrooms
- 2022
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Ingår i: 17th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2022.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor environmental quality was assessed in Swedish primary school classrooms grouped into three categories based on the ventilation system: 1) natural or exhaust ventilation, 2) balanced mechanical ventilation systems with constant air volume (CAV), 3) balanced mechanical ventilation systems with variable air volume (VAV). Measurements of NO2, ozone, TVOC, formaldehyde, PM10, and PM2.5 and a questionnaire survey were conducted. The concentrations of pollutants were integrated into Indoor Air Pollution Index allowing the rank comparison of classrooms. Children’s perception scores were calculated based on the questionnaire responses. Naturally ventilated classrooms had higher level of air pollution. No significant differences in pollutant levels were observed between classrooms with CAV and VAV systems. The type of ventilation system affected the subjective assessment of indoor air quality; it was worst in naturally ventilated classrooms.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Langer, Sarka, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Study of the measured and perceived indoor air quality in Swedish school classrooms
- 2020
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 588:3
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of a classroom's indoor environment on children's health, performance and comfort is a concern that receives increasing attention. Many schools experience problems with inadequate indoor air quality and climate. Investigations of the indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools have been often non-systematic, which can lead to costly ad-hoc remediation actions. It is therefore important to develop a holistic approach to the assessment of IAQ in schools. This paper presents a field study on the indoor air quality and thermal environment conditions of elementary schools in Gothenburg, Sweden. The focus of the paper is on the methodology to investigate the IAQ using both objective measurements and subjective assessment of the perceived IAQ. The indoor environmental measurements include indoor air quality and thermal comfort parameters for which guideline values exist. Finally, a questionnaire was developed to evaluate the perception of the classroom's thermal environment and air quality by young children. The paper presents the study protocol and diagnostics approach for IAQ in classrooms. Examples of results from the first 10 investigated classrooms are presented.
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| 5. |
- Preece, Anna-Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Indoor phthalate exposure and contributions to total intake among pregnant women in the SELMA study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Indoor Air. - : WILEY. - 0905-6947 .- 1600-0668. ; 31:5, s. 1495-1508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phthalates are widely used in consumer products. Exposure to phthalates can lead to adverse health effects in humans, with early-life exposure being of particular concern. Phthalate exposure occurs mainly through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption. However, our understanding of the relative importance of different exposure routes is incomplete. This study estimated the intake of five phthalates from the residential indoor environment for 455 Swedish pregnant women in the SELMA study using phthalate mass fraction in indoor dust and compares these to total daily phthalate intakes back-calculated from phthalate metabolite concentrations in the women's urine. Steady-state models were used to estimate indoor air phthalate concentrations from dust measurements. Intakes from residential dust and air made meaningful contributions to total daily intakes of more volatile di-ethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP) (11% of total DEP intake and 28% of total DnBP and DiBP intake combined). Dermal absorption from air was the dominant pathway contributing to the indoor environmental exposure. Residential exposure to less volatile phthalates made minor contributions to total intake. These results suggest that reducing the presence of low molecular weight phthalates in the residential indoor environment can meaningfully reduce phthalate intake among pregnant women.
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