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| 2. |
- Backlund, L., et al.
(författare)
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P2RX7: Expression Responds to Sleep Deprivation and Associates with Rapid Cycling in Bipolar Disorder Type 1
- 2012
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Rapid cycling is a severe form of bipolar disorder with an increased rate of episodes that is particularly treatment-responsive to chronotherapy and stable sleep-wake cycles. We hypothesized that the P2RX7 gene would be affected by sleep deprivation and be implicated in rapid cycling. Objectives: To assess whether P2RX7 expression is affected by total sleep deprivation and if variation in P2RX7 is associated with rapid cycling in bipolar patients. Design: Gene expression analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers and case-case and case-control SNP/haplotype association analyses in patients. Participants: Healthy volunteers at the sleep research center, University of California, Irvine Medical Center (UCIMC), USA (n = 8) and Swedish outpatients recruited from specialized psychiatric clinics for bipolar disorder, diagnosed with bipolar disorder type 1 (n = 569; rapid cycling: n = 121) and anonymous blood donor controls (n = 1,044). Results: P2RX7 RNA levels were significantly increased during sleep deprivation in PBMCs from healthy volunteers (p = 2.3*10(-9)). The P2RX7 rs2230912_A allele was more common (OR = 2.2, p = 0.002) and the ACGTTT haplotype in P2RX7 (rs1718119 to rs1621388) containing the protective rs2230912_G allele (OR = 0.45-0.49, p = 0.003-0.005) was less common, among rapid cycling cases compared to non-rapid cycling bipolar patients and blood donor controls. Conclusions: Sleep deprivation increased P2RX7 expression in healthy persons and the putatively low-activity P2RX7 rs2230912 allele A variant was associated with rapid cycling in bipolar disorder. This supports earlier findings of P2RX7 associations to affective disorder and is in agreement with that particularly rapid cycling patients have a more vulnerable diurnal system.
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| 3. |
- Bendz, D., et al.
(författare)
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Kinematic wave model for water movement in municipal solid waste
- 1998
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Ingår i: Water Resources Research. - 0043-1397. ; 34:11, s. 2963-2970
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The movement of water in a large (3.5 m(3)) undisturbed sample of 22-year-old municipal solid waste has been modeled using a kinematic wave approximation for unsaturated infiltration and internal drainage. The model employs a two-parameter power expression as macroscopic flux law. The model parameters were determined and interpreted in terms of the internal geometry of the waste medium by fitting the model to one set of infiltration and drainage data. The model was validated using another set of data from a sequence of water input events. The results of the validation show that the model performs satisfactorily, but further development of the model to incorporate spatial variability would increase its capability.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bengtsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Water balance for landfills of different age
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydrology. - 0022-1694 .- 1879-2707. ; 158:3-4, s. 203-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water-related processes in landfills are discussed with emphasis on internal processes such as field capacity, moisture variation in time and space, and macropore flow. Runoff production and evaporation from landfills in Sweden of different age are investigated. It is clarified in what ways and for how long a closed municipal landfill differs from an ordinary land area from a hydrological point of view.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Brundin, L., et al.
(författare)
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An enzyme in the kynurenine pathway that governs vulnerability to suicidal behavior by regulating excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Translational Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging evidence suggests that inflammation has a key role in depression and suicidal behavior. The kynurenine pathway is involved in neuroinflammation and regulates glutamate neurotransmission. In the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of suicidal patients, levels of inflammatory cytokines and the kynurenine metabolite quinolinic acid (QUIN), an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist, are increased. The enzyme amino-beta-carboxymuconate-semialdehyde-decarboxylase (ACMSD) limits QUIN formation by competitive production of the neuroprotective metabolite picolinic acid (PIC). Therefore, decreased ACMSD activity can lead to excess QUIN. We tested the hypothesis that deficient ACMSD activity underlies suicidal behavior. We measured PIC and QUIN in CSF and plasma samples from 137 patients exhibiting suicidal behavior and 71 healthy controls. We used DSM-IV and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and Suicide Assessment Scale to assess behavioral changes. Finally, we genotyped ACMSD tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 77 of the patients and 150 population-based controls. Suicide attempters had reduced PIC and a decreased PIC/QUIN ratio in both CSF (P<0.001) and blood (P=0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). The reductions of PIC in CSF were sustained over 2 years after the suicide attempt based on repeated measures. The minor C allele of the ACMSD SNP rs2121337 was more prevalent in suicide attempters and associated with increased CSF QUIN. Taken together, our data suggest that increased QUIN levels may result from reduced activity of ACMSD in suicidal subjects. We conclude that measures of kynurenine metabolites can be explored as biomarkers of suicide risk, and that ACMSD is a potential therapeutic target in suicidal behavior.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Göransson, Gunnel, et al.
(författare)
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Variation in turbidity with precipitation and flow in a regulated river system - river Gota Alv, SW Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1607-7938. ; 17:7, s. 2529-2542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The turbidity variation in time and space is investigated in the downstream stretch of the river Gota Alv in Sweden. The river is heavily regulated and carries the discharge from the largest fresh water lake in Sweden, Lake Vanern, to the outflow point in Goteborg Harbour on the Swedish west coast. The river is an important waterway and serves as a fresh-water supply for 700 000 users. Turbidity is utilised as a water quality indicator to ensure sufficient quality of the intake water to the treatment plant. The overall objective of the study was to investigate the influence of rainfall, surface runoff, and river water flow on the temporal and spatial variability of the turbidity in the regulated river system by employing statistical analysis of an extensive data set. A six year long time series of daily mean values on precipitation, discharge, and turbidity from six stations along the river were examined primarily through linear correlation and regression analysis, combined with nonparametric tests and analysis of variance. The analyses were performed on annual, monthly, and daily bases, establishing temporal patterns and dependences, including; seasonal changes, impacts from extreme events, influences from tributaries, and the spatial variation along the river. The results showed that there is no simple relationship between discharge, precipitation, and turbidity, mainly due to the complexity of the runoff process, the regulation of the river, and the effects of Lake Vanern and its large catchment area. For the river Gota Alv, significant, positive correlations between turbidity, discharge, and precipitation could only be found during periods with high flow combined with heavy rainfall. Local precipitation does not seem to have any significant impact on the discharge in the main river, which is primarily governed by precipitation at catchment scale. The discharge from Lake Vanern determines the base level for the turbidity in the river, whereas local surface runoff and tributary discharge induced by rainfall govern the temporal variability in turbidity. Autocorrelation analysis indicates a temporal persistence in turbidity of about 10 days. The results also show that erosion along the main river, from the river bed and banks, is not a dominant contributor to the suspended sediment transport in the river under normal conditions. Further studies on the correlation between turbidity and suspended sediment transport and its relation to erosion processes are suggested.
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| 10. |
- Johnson, Philip L., et al.
(författare)
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A key role for orexin in panic anxiety
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 16:1, s. 111-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Panic disorder is a severe anxiety disorder with recurrent, debilitating panic attacks. In individuals with panic disorder there is evidence of decreased central gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activity as well as marked increases in autonomic and respiratory responses after intravenous infusions of hypertonic sodium lactate(1-3). In a rat model of panic disorder, chronic inhibition of GABA synthesis in the dorsomedial-perifornical hypothalamus of rats produces anxiety-like states and a similar vulnerability to sodium lactate-induced cardioexcitatory responses(4-9). The dorsomedial-perifornical hypothalamus is enriched in neurons containing orexin (ORX, also known as hypocretin)(10), which have a crucial role in arousal(10,11), vigilance(10) and central autonomic mobilization(12), all of which are key components of panic. Here we show that activation of ORX-synthesizing neurons is necessary for developing a panic-prone state in the rat panic model, and either silencing of the hypothalamic gene encoding ORX (Hcrt) with RNAi or systemic ORX-1 receptor antagonists blocks the panic responses. Moreover, we show that human subjects with panic anxiety have elevated levels of ORX in the cerebrospinal fluid compared to subjects without panic anxiety. Taken together, our results suggest that the ORX system may be involved in the pathophysiology of panic anxiety and that ORX antagonists constitute a potential new treatment strategy for panic disorder. (C) 2010 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
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