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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Protudjer, Jennifer Lisa Penner, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired health-related quality of life in adolescents with allergy to staple foods
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Allergy. - : Wiley. - 2045-7022. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cow's milk, hen's egg and wheat are staple foods in a typical western diet. Despite the ubiquity of these foods, the impact of staple food allergy on health-related quality of life (HRQL) amongst adolescents is incompletely understood. The aims of this study were to make use of the Swedish version of EuroPrevall's disease-specific food allergy quality of life questionnaire-teenager form (FAQLQ-TF) and to investigate the association between objectively-diagnosed staple food allergy and HRQL amongst adolescents. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 58 adolescents aged 13-17 years [n = 40 (69 %) boys] with objectively-diagnosed allergy to the staple foods cow's milk, hen's egg and/or wheat and living in Stockholm, Sweden were included. Adolescents completed the FAQLQ-TF, which has a corresponding scale of 1 = best HRQL, and 7 = worst HRQL. Overall HRQL and domain-specific HRQL were established. Adolescents also reported symptoms, adrenaline auto injector (AAI) prescription and presence of other food allergies. A history of anaphylaxis was defined among those reporting difficulty breathing, inability to stand/collapse, and/or loss of consciousness. Clinically different HRQL was set at a mean difference of >= 0.5. Results: Overall mean HRQL was poorer than average [mean: 4.70/7.00 (95 % CI 4.30-5.01)]. The domain risk of accidental exposure was significantly associated with clinically better HRQL than the domain allergen avoidance and dietary restrictions (mean difference = 0.76; p < 0.001). Girls had clinically worse, but not statistically significantly different mean HRQL than boys (mean difference = 0.71; p < 0.07). HRQL tended to be worse amongst those with allergies to more than three foods or an AAI prescription. The number and types of symptoms, including a history of anaphylaxis were not associated with worse HRQL. Conclusions: As ascertained via a food allergy-specific questionnaire, adolescents with staple food allergy report poorer than average HRQL, specifically in relation to emerging independence and the need for support. Girls have clinically worse HRQL than boys. The number and type of previous symptoms and history of anaphylaxis were not associated with worse HRQL.
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- Adamson, Carly, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy of Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction According to Body Mass Index.
- 2021
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Ingår i: European journal of heart failure. - : Wiley. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844. ; 23:10, s. 1662-1672
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: In heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), there is an ’obesity paradox’, where survival is better in patients with a higher body mass index (BMI) and weight loss is associated with worse outcomes. We examined the effect of a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor according to baseline BMI in the Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse- outcomes in Heart Failure trial (DAPA-HF). METHODS AND RESULTS: Body mass index was examined using standard categories, i.e. underweight ($<$18.5 kg/m(2) ); normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2) ); overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m(2) ); obesity class I (30.0-34.9 kg/m(2) ); obesity class II (35.0-39.9 kg/m(2) ); and obesity class III ($>$/=40 kg/m(2) ). The primary outcome in DAPA-HF was the composite of worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death. Overall, 1348 patients (28.4%) were under/normal- weight, 1722 (36.3%) overweight, 1013 (21.4%) obesity class I and 659 (13.9%) obesity class II/III. The unadjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for the primary outcome with obesity class 1, the lowest risk group, as reference was: under/normal-weight 1.41 (1.16-1.71), overweight 1.18 (0.97-1.42), obesity class II/III 1.37 (1.10-1.72). Patients with class I obesity were also at lowest risk of death. The effect of dapagliflozin on the primary outcome and other outcomes did not vary by baseline BMI, e.g. hazard ratio for primary outcome: under/normal-weight 0.74 (0.58-0.94), overweight 0.81 (0.65-1.02), obesity class I 0.68 (0.50-0.92), obesity class II/III 0.71 (0.51-1.00) (P-value for interaction = 0.79). The mean decrease in weight at 8 months with dapagliflozin was 0.9 (0.7-1.1) kg (P $<$ 0.001). CONCLUSION: We confirmed an ’obesity survival paradox’ in HFrEF. We showed that dapagliflozin was beneficial across the wide range of BMI studied. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03036124.
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| 7. |
- Almqvist, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Fördjupad analys av den svenska klimatomställningen 2020 : Klimat och luft i fokus
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sverige har ambitiösa klimatåtaganden där regeringen uttalat att Sverige ska bli världens första fossilfria välfärdsland. Riksdagen har antagit ambitiösa mål för att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser i Sverige för att vara med i omställningen och begränsa den globala uppvärmningen i linje med Parisavtalet. Under 2017 antog riksdagen ett klimatpolitiskt ramverk för Sverige med nya klimatmål. Det långsiktiga klimatmålet innebär att Sverige senast år 2045 inte ska ha några nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser till atmosfären, för att därefter uppnå negativa utsläpp. Det innebär att utsläppen av växthusgaser inom Sveriges gränser ska ha minskat med minst 85 procent senast år 2045 jämfört med utsläppen år 1990.Naturvårdsverket visar vägen mot klimatmålenNaturvårdsverket ansvarar för uppföljningen av Sveriges nationellt fastställda klimatmål. Årets rapport innehåller fördjupade analyser av trender i den svenska klimatomställningen för Sveriges utsläpp och nettoupptag av växthusgaser och ger en övergripande bild av hur vi befinner oss på vägen mot Sveriges klimatmål. Rapporten innehåller ett särskilt fokuskapitel som beskriver möjligheter med att integrera åtgärdsstrategier i luft- och klimatarbetet.Sveriges utsläpp av växthusgaser minskar för långsamtSveriges territoriella utsläpp av växthusgaser var 50,9 miljoner ton koldioxidekvivalenter år 2019, vilket motsvarar en minskning om 2,4 procent jämfört med 2018. För att nå det långsiktiga klimatmålet om nettonollutsläpp till 2045 krävs en genomsnittlig minskningstakt om 6–10 procent per år från 2019.Det senaste årets utsläppsminskning beror främst på minskade utsläpp inom industrisektorn och el- och fjärrvärmesektorn. Inom industrin har utsläppen framför allt minskat på grund av planerade underhållsstopp på raffinaderier och minskad produktion inom mineralindustrin. Minskade utsläpp syns i de flesta sektorerna, förutom jordbrukssektorn och arbetsmaskiner där utsläppen har ökat jämfört med föregående år.
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| 10. |
- Bengtsson, L., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of oral screen exercise on orofacial and pharyngeal activity: An exploratory study using videofluoroscopy and surface electromyography in healthy adults
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Dental Research. - : Wiley. - 2057-4347. ; 8:2, s. 519-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The oral screen is a device commonly used for treatment of orofacial disorders. The objective of this exploratory study was to examine the effect of oral screen exercise on the muscle activity in the lips, submental complex, masseter muscle, and kinematic activity of the tongue base, soft palate, pharynx, and larynx in healthy adults. This was compared with the kinematic activity during a dry swallow. It was hypothesized that not only the lip musculature but also other structures in the oral and pharyngeal cavities are activated while using an oral screen device. Method: Ten healthy subjects used an oral screen during examination with videofluoroscopy and surface electromyography (EMG). Three different instructions for oral screen application and a dry swallow were examined. Results: The lip muscles showed the highest activity during oral screen exercise. The other muscle groups were activated to a lesser degree. The pattern of activation differed between individuals. Compared with a dry swallow, the range of motion of the tongue base, posterior pharyngeal wall, and the larynx was significantly smaller during oral screen activation. No major differences were found between three different instructions. Conclusion: This study indicates that the lips and submental complex and, to a lesser degree, oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal structures are activated with the oral screen, but the pattern of activation varied between individuals. In comparison to the activity during a dry swallow, range of motion during oral screen exercise is small.
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