| 1. |
- Almqvist, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Fördjupad analys av den svenska klimatomställningen 2020 : Klimat och luft i fokus
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sverige har ambitiösa klimatåtaganden där regeringen uttalat att Sverige ska bli världens första fossilfria välfärdsland. Riksdagen har antagit ambitiösa mål för att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser i Sverige för att vara med i omställningen och begränsa den globala uppvärmningen i linje med Parisavtalet. Under 2017 antog riksdagen ett klimatpolitiskt ramverk för Sverige med nya klimatmål. Det långsiktiga klimatmålet innebär att Sverige senast år 2045 inte ska ha några nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser till atmosfären, för att därefter uppnå negativa utsläpp. Det innebär att utsläppen av växthusgaser inom Sveriges gränser ska ha minskat med minst 85 procent senast år 2045 jämfört med utsläppen år 1990.Naturvårdsverket visar vägen mot klimatmålenNaturvårdsverket ansvarar för uppföljningen av Sveriges nationellt fastställda klimatmål. Årets rapport innehåller fördjupade analyser av trender i den svenska klimatomställningen för Sveriges utsläpp och nettoupptag av växthusgaser och ger en övergripande bild av hur vi befinner oss på vägen mot Sveriges klimatmål. Rapporten innehåller ett särskilt fokuskapitel som beskriver möjligheter med att integrera åtgärdsstrategier i luft- och klimatarbetet.Sveriges utsläpp av växthusgaser minskar för långsamtSveriges territoriella utsläpp av växthusgaser var 50,9 miljoner ton koldioxidekvivalenter år 2019, vilket motsvarar en minskning om 2,4 procent jämfört med 2018. För att nå det långsiktiga klimatmålet om nettonollutsläpp till 2045 krävs en genomsnittlig minskningstakt om 6–10 procent per år från 2019.Det senaste årets utsläppsminskning beror främst på minskade utsläpp inom industrisektorn och el- och fjärrvärmesektorn. Inom industrin har utsläppen framför allt minskat på grund av planerade underhållsstopp på raffinaderier och minskad produktion inom mineralindustrin. Minskade utsläpp syns i de flesta sektorerna, förutom jordbrukssektorn och arbetsmaskiner där utsläppen har ökat jämfört med föregående år.
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| 2. |
- Bengtsson, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel QTL for Powdery Mildew Resistance in Nordic Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare) Revealed by Genome-Wide Association Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei is a worldwide threat to barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare) production. One way to control the disease is by the development and deployment of resistant cultivars. A genome-wide association study was performed in a Nordic spring barley panel consisting of 169 genotypes, to identify marker-trait associations significant for powdery mildew. Powdery mildew was scored during three years (2012-2014) in four different locations within the Nordic region. There were strong correlations between data from all locations and years. In total four QTLs were identified, one located on chromosome 4H in the same region as the previously identified mlo locus and three on chromosome 6H. Out of these three QTLs identified on chromosome 6H, two are in the same region as previously reported QTLs for powdery mildew resistance, whereas one QTL appears to be novel. The top NCBI BLASTn hit of the SNP markers within the novel QTL predicted the responsible gene to be the 26S proteasome regulatory subunit, RPN1, which is required for innate immunity and powdery mildew-induced cell death in Arabidopsis. The results from this study have revealed SNP marker candidates that can be exploited for use in marker-assisted selection and stacking of genes for powdery mildew resistance in barley.
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| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of defence responses to Phytophthora infestans in potato by BABA
- 2014
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Ingår i: Plant Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0032-0862 .- 1365-3059. ; 63, s. 193-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is one of the most devastating diseases of the potato crop. Resistance breeding and current fungicides are unable to control the rapidly evolving P. infestans and new control strategies are urgently needed. This study examined mechanisms of dl-β-aminobutyric acid (BABA)-induced resistance (IR) in the potato-P. infestans system. Leaves from two cultivars that differ in their degree of resistance, Bintje and Ovatio, were analysed after foliar treatment with BABA. Rapid activation of various defence responses and a significant reduction in P. infestans growth were observed in leaves treated with BABA. In the more resistant cultivar, Ovatio, the activation was both faster and stronger than in Bintje. Microscopic analysis of leaves treated with BABA revealed induction of small hypersensitive response (HR)-like lesions surrounded by callose, as well as production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Molecular and chemical analyses revealed soluble phenols such as arbutin and chlorogenic acid and activation of PR-1. These results show a direct activation of defence responses in potato, rather than priming as reported for other plant species. They also show that the efficiency of BABA-IR differs between cultivars, which highlights the importance of taking all aspects into consideration when establishing new methods for disease management.
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| 4. |
- Bengtsson, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Biosurfactants Have the Potential to Induce Defence Against Phytophthora infestans in Potato
- 2015
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Ingår i: Potato Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0014-3065 .- 1871-4528. ; 58, s. 83-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is one of the most destructive plant diseases worldwide. Currently, its management mainly relies on the frequent use of synthetic chemicals, and there is a need to develop more sustainable strategies. Biosurfactants produced by fluorescent pseudomonads have been shown to rapidly, within 1 min, cause zoospore lyses. This study investigated if the biosurfactant-producing strain Pseudomonas koreensis 2.74 and its biosurfactants have the potential to induce resistance in potato to late blight. The experiments were performed with treatments of whole plants of the susceptible potato cultivar Bintje and the partially resistant cultivar Ovatio. A significant disease reduction and an induced secretion of proteins such as pathogenesis-related (PR) protein 1, within the leaf apoplast, were observed in the potato cultivar Ovatio after treatment with the biosurfactant at a concentration of 1 mg ml(-1). No significant effects on disease development were observed after treatment with the bacterial suspension of Pseudomonas koreensis 2.74.
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| 5. |
- Bengtsson, Therese
(författare)
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Boosting potato defence against late blight : a study from field to molecule
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For more than one century efforts has been made to obtain potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars resistant to late blight. However, introduced resistance has repeatedly been overcome by Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary. Today late blight control is dependent on the frequent use of fungicides, but development of fungicide resistance and increasing fungicide restrictions by EU are of major concern. Methods with less fungicide requirement is therefore of crucial importance for a more environmentally sound and sustainable late blight control in the future. In this study the potential of integrating BABA-induced resistance in existing late blight management with fungicides was investigated in field. The fungicide dose could be lowered with up to 25% when combined with BABA, without any decrease in late blight control or metabolic cost in terms of tuber yield. BABA was shown to directly activate basal defence responses and hormone signaling in potato. The BABA-induced hypersensitive-like lesions and major changes in the amino acid balance indicate that BABA induces resistance by stress imprinting. Furthermore the potential of using a biosurfactant, produced by Psuedomonas koreensis strain 2.74, to control late blight in greenhouse was demonstrated. The biosurfactant was shown to have a direct effect on zoospores and also to induce PR-1 accumulation in the apoplast of potato leaves. Future experiments will reveal if the biosurfactant induces other defence mechanisms in potato. This study demonstrated how integration of different control methods could lead to unchanged or even improved late blight control despite the decrease in fungicide dose.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bengtsson, Therese
(författare)
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Functional analysis of the alpha10beta1 integrin
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to study the function of the integrin a10b1. Integrins mediate signals between cells and their environment and regulate several cellular processes such as cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. The a10b1 integrin is expressed mainly by chondrocytes, the only cell type present in cartilage, and facilitates binding of the chondrocytes to the extracellular matrix molecule collagen. However, the function of the a10b1 integrin in cartilage is not known. In this thesis we describe the structure of the mouse a10b1 integrin gene and report the finding of two alternatively spliced extracellular forms of the a10b1 integrin. We also demonstrate the chromosomal localization of the human and mouse a10 integrin genes. To analyze the role of this collagen-binding integrin during development and in adult mice we generated a mouse deficient in the a10b1 integrin, by gene targeting deletion. We found that a10b1–null mice suffered from a mild chondrodysplasia, and that they had shorter limbs than normal mice. The mutant mice showed structural defects in the growth plate and decreased chondrocyte proliferation. Further studies have revealed that the a10b1 integrin appears to be the only collagen-binding integrin expressed in the growth plate of 8-week old mice. Together, these data show that the a10b1 integrin plays an important role in the regulation of chondrocyte function and bone development.
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| 8. |
- Bengtsson, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium in Nordic spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp vulgare)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-9864 .- 1573-5109. ; 64, s. 2021-2033
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic diversity, population structure and genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) was estimated in Nordic spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare) by genotyping 180 breeding lines with 48 SSR markers and 7842 high-confidence SNPs using the Illumina Infinium 9K assay. In total 6208 SNPs were polymorphic and selected for further statistical analysis. A Mantel test revealed a strong positive correlation with a Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) of 0.86, between the estimates of genetic distances based on SSR and SNP data. Population structure analysis identified two groups with a clear ancestry and one group with an admixed ancestry. The groups were primarily separated based on row-type and geographical origin. Average LD for the whole population decayed below a critical level of r(2) = 0.20 within a range of 0-4 cM. To avoid confounding effects of the strong population structure, LD decay for the different groups was analysed separately and ranged from 0 to 12 cM. A slower LD decay was found within the two-rowed lines compared to the six-rowed lines and the two-rowed lines originating from the northern part, which could be the result of strong selection for malting quality and yield in the southern part. No large difference in genetic diversity was observed between population sub-groups, but differences at certain chromosomal regions were evident.
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| 9. |
- Bengtsson, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Kan inducerad resistens och biotensider minska behovet av kemisk bekämpning i potatis?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Växtskyddsnotiser. - 2000-8465. ; 66, s. 15-18
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Det krävs stora insatser och nya strategier för att ta ledningen i den ständigt pågående evolutionära kapplöpningen mellan P. infestans och dess värd. Framför allt behövs metoder som leder till minskad användning av fungicider och som är bättre både ur ett miljö- och hälsoperspektiv. Dagens konsumenter är medvetna om miljöfrågor och efterfrågar i högre grad obesprutade varor. Flera fungicider har redan förbjudits inom EU och fler är på väg att förbjudas, vilket kan få stora konsekvenser utifall ingen alternativ strategi mot bladmögel tas fram. För bekämpning av bladmögel har vi undersökt möjligheten att kombinera sortval med både så kallad inducerad resistens och biologisk bekämpning.
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| 10. |
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