| 1. |
- Abreu-Vieira, Gustavo, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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On adequate procedures for glucose tolerance tests in obese animals : Measurement of glucose tolerance in obesity
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Routine procedures for glucose tolerance test in rodents utilize an amount of injected glucose that is proportional to total body weight (normally 2 mg per g body weight). Obese mice consist of much more chemically inert lipid than lean mice but have only marginal increases in lean body mass (the only compartment where glucose is distributed). Present procedures thus inevitably lead to a diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance and enhanced insulin levels in obesity. Routine procedures should use fixed glucose amounts per lean body mass (or per mouse).
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| 2. |
- Adori, Monika, et al.
(författare)
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Hepatic Innervations and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- 2023
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Ingår i: Seminars in liver disease (Print). - : Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.. - 0272-8087 .- 1098-8971. ; 43:02, s. 149-162
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder. Increased sympathetic (noradrenergic) nerve tone has a complex role in the etiopathomechanism of NAFLD, affecting the development/progression of steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and liver hemodynamical alterations. Also, lipid sensing by vagal afferent fibers is an important player in the development of hepatic steatosis. Moreover, disorganization and progressive degeneration of liver sympathetic nerves were recently described in human and experimental NAFLD. These structural alterations likely come along with impaired liver sympathetic nerve functionality and lack of adequate hepatic noradrenergic signaling. Here, we first overview the anatomy and physiology of liver nerves. Then, we discuss the nerve impairments in NAFLD and their pathophysiological consequences in hepatic metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and hemodynamics. We conclude that further studies considering the spatial-temporal dynamics of structural and functional changes in the hepatic nervous system may lead to more targeted pharmacotherapeutic advances in NAFLD.
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| 3. |
- Ahlman, Håkan, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Adrenocortical carcinoma--diagnostic and therapeutical implications.
- 1993
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Ingår i: The European journal of surgery = Acta chirurgica. - 1102-4151. ; 159:3, s. 149-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the results of treatment of a consecutive series of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma who presented during the six year period 1985 to 1991.
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| 4. |
- André, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort differences in personality in middle-aged women during a 36-year period. Results from the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 38:5, s. 457-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate secular trends in personality traits in adult female populations. METHODS: Two representative, population-based cohorts of women, 38 (n = 318) and 50 (n = 593) years of age participated in a health examination in 1968 and 2004 in Gothenburg, Sweden. The Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and Cesarec-Marke Personality Schedule (CMPS) were used to measure personality traits. Socioeconomic and lifestyle variables (personal income, education, marital status, children at home, physical activity and smoking) were reported. RESULTS: In both age groups, secular comparisons in psychological profile subscales showed an increase in dominance, exhibition, aggression and achievement. Only small divergences were seen concerning affiliation, guilt feelings, nurturance and succorance. EPI showed a corresponding rise in extroversion. Social data showed a statistically significant increase in percentage of unmarried women, personal income levels, and higher educational achievement. While around 70% of women in 1968-69 had elementary school education only, around 90% had high school or university education in 2004-05. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate major transitions in the adult Swedish female population in the direction of a more stereotypically ''male'' personality profile, but not at the expense of traditionally socially important female traits, which remained constant. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that society and the environment influence personality.
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| 5. |
- André, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Personality in women and associations with mortality: a 40-year follow-up in the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Women's Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6874. ; 14:61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The question of whether personality traits influence health has long been a focus for research and discussion. Therefore, this study was undertaken to examine possible associations between personality traits and mortality in women. Methods: A population-based sample of women aged 38, 46, 50 and 54 years at initial examination in 1968-69 was followed over the course of 40 years. At baseline, 589 women completed the Cesarec-Marke Personality Schedule (the Swedish version of the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule) and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Associations between personality traits and mortality were tested using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: No linear associations between personality traits or factor indices and mortality were found. When comparing the lowest (Q1) and highest quartile (Q4) against the two middle quartiles (Q2 + Q3), the personality trait Succorance Q1 versus Q2 + Q3 showed hazard ratio (HR) = 1.37 (confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-1.74), and for the factor index Aggressive non-conformance, both the lowest and highest quartiles had a significantly higher risk of death compared to Q2 + Q3: for Q1 HR = 1.32 (CI = 1.03-1.68) and for Q4 HR = 1.36 (CI = 1.06-1.77). Neither Neuroticism nor Extraversion predicted total mortality. Conclusions: Personality traits did not influence long term mortality in this population sample of women followed for 40 years from mid- to late life. One explanation may be that personality in women becomes more circumscribed due to the social constraints generated by the role of women in society.
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| 6. |
- Baek, Jeanha, et al.
(författare)
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Engineered mesoporous silica reduces long-term blood glucose and HbA1c, and improves metabolic parameters in prediabetics
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nanomedicine. - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1743-5889 .- 1748-6963. ; 17:1, s. 9-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate the effect of oral consumption of engineered mesoporous silica particles, SiPore15®, on long-term blood glucose levels and other metabolic parameters in individuals with prediabetes and newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes. Method: An open-label, single-arm, multicenter trial was conducted in which SiPore15 was consumed three times daily for 12 weeks. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, primary end point) and an array of metabolic parameters were measured at baseline and throughout the trial. Result: SiPore15 treatment significantly reduced HbA1c by a clinically meaningful degree and improved several disease-associated parameters with minimal side effects. Conclusion: The results from this study demonstrate the potential use of SiPore15 as a treatment for prediabetes that may also delay or prevent the onset of Type 2 diabetes.
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| 7. |
- Bengtsson, Calle, 1934, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol habits in Swedish women: observations from the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden 1968-1993
- 1998
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Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. ; 33, s. 533-540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Göteborg University, Sweden. In a prospective population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden, three examinations were conducted with 12-year intervals between 1968-1969 and 1992-1993. There were 1462 participants aged 38-60 years in the baseline study in 1968-1969, with a participation rate of 90.1%. This paper describes longitudinal changes and secular trends with respect to women's alcohol habits. An alcohol frequency questionnaire was validated at baseline and was re-administered at all examinations. Between 1968-1969 and 1980-1981, the proportion of alcohol abstainers decreased significantly both in 38-year-old and 50-year-old women. Women reporting alcohol intake at least once per week had higher socio-economic status and higher education than other women. Serum gamma-glutamyl transpepsidase concentration was higher in women with the heavier alcohol intake, while a number of potential cardiovascular risk indicators were higher in women with the lower intake. Daily intake of wine and spirits was about as common at all three examinations, whereas moderate intake of wine and spirits was more common in 1980-1981 and 1992-1993 than in 1968-1969. There seemed to be an increase in overall consumption of alcohol, mainly due to the increase in moderate drinking, but there was no indication of a large increase in heavy consumption of alcohol. PMID: 9811207 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 8. |
- Bengtsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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What Do They Do? A Taxonomy of Team Leader Interventions in Various Meeting Scenarios
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advances in Human Factors, Business Management and Society. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319947082 - 9783319947099 ; , s. 399-404
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to sketch a taxonomy describing various team leader interventions, as a consequence of interferences occurring at group meetings. The taxonomy is intended to serve as foundation for future research, methodology and test development. Sixteen Swedish business organisation leaders participated in the case study. The study consisted of ten fictitious scenarios, implying interferences concerning goal achievement. The participants were to propose interventions to the different situations. Based on the results, six categories of interventions were identified: control, inform, initiate, await, support, and explore. The categories corresponded to classical leadership theories. Furthermore, fictitious group scenarios seem to provide information about leadership thinking and interventional styles concerning team work. Scenarios also seem to measure something different than traditional assessment instruments do. This is in accordance with social personality theory, emphasising that personality assessments should not be decontextualised by excluding information concerning the situations in which people are acting.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bokhari, Muhammad Hamza, et al.
(författare)
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Isothermal microcalorimetry measures UCP1-mediated thermogenesis in mature brite adipocytes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The activation of thermogenesis in adipose tissue has emerged as an important target for the development of novel anti-obesity therapies. Using multi-well isothermal microcalorimetry, we have demonstrated that mature murine brown and brite adipocytes produce quantifiable heat upon β3-AR stimulation, independently of any anaerobic mechanisms. Additionally, in brite adipocytes lacking UCP1 protein, β3-AR stimulation still induces heat production, albeit to a much lower extent than in their wildtype counterparts, suggesting that UCP1 is an essential component of adrenergic induced thermogenesis in murine brite adipocytes exvivo. Similarly, we could observe an increase in heat production in human-derived adipocytes (hMADS) upon β-AR stimulation. Collectively, these results establish the use of isothermal microcalorimetry as a sensitive and accurate technique for measuring thermogenic responses in intact mature brite adipocytes from murine and human origin.
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